방사특성 변화에 따른 미세물분무의 소화특성

이경덕,신창섭 한국화재소방학회 2001 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.15 No.4

할론소화약제는 유류화재 및 전기화재의 진압에 가장 효과적으로 널리 사용되어 왔으나,이들은 오존층파괴지수와 지구온난화지수가 높아 환경문제를 야기하고 있다. 이러한 환경에 악영향을 주지 않는 대체기술의 하나로 관상을 끌며 연구되기 시작한 소화방법이 미세물분무를 이용한 소화설비이며, 미세물분무는 스프링클러의 살수입자에 비해 물입자가 작고 표면적이 크기 때문에 화염 면에서의 증발 및 냉각특성이 우수하며, 산소의 농도를 감소시키는 질식작용이 우수하다. 본 연구는 미세물분무 소화설비의 설계를 위한 기초단계로 유류화재에 대한 미세물분무의 입자크기, 유량밀도, 방사분포, 방사압력 및 화재의 크기에 따른 화염의 소화특성을 측정하였다 그 결과 액체 pool화재의 소화시간은 유량밀도가증가함으로서 짧아지고, 유량밀도가 0.5 ± 0.05㎖/㎠ · min이하인 경우 입자크기가 증가함으로서 짧아졌다. 또 방사주기를 변화시켜 실험한 결과 n-heptane화재에 대하여 간헐적으로 방사한 미세물분무가 소화에 효과적이었으며,이때 연속방사와 비교하여 화재를 소화하기 위해 필요한 물의 총량은 1/4로 감소하였다. Halogen-based fire suppressing agents have been the most effective fire suppressants and widely used for flammable liquid and electric fore. However, they have environmental problems causing stratospheric ozone depletion and globe warming. As a substitution of halon, fire suppression system using fine water mist is one of an effective fore suppressant. Suffocating and cooling effects of water mist are increased by the evaporation characteristics because it has droplet size less than 1,000㎛ and very large surface area. In this study, the extinguishing characteristics of fire was measured with changing of water mist droplet size, flow density; discharge pressure, and fire size. As a result, the extinguishing time of pool fire was shortened with the increase of flow density, and in case of low flow density less than 0.5 ± 0.05㎖/㎠ · min, the extinguishing time was shortened with the increase of droplet size. The cycling discharge was effective for n-heptane pool fire, and total amount of water mist required to extinguish fire was reduced to a quarter compare with continuous discharge. Keywords : Water mist, Droplet size, Fire suppression, Fire size, Cycling discharge

정전 열 접합을 이용한 Multi-Substrate Bonding

이덕중,주병권,최우범,한정인,조경익,이광배,장진,오명환 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

We performed silicon-to-glass bonding using silicon direct bonding followed by anodic bonding(SDAB). Initial bonding between glass and silicon was caused by the hydrophilic surfaces of silicon and glass ensemble using silicon direct bonding(SDB) method. We found that the bonded specimen using SDAB process had higher strength than one using anodic bonding process only. We performed multiple layer bonding by SDAB, which is glass- silicon -glass as sandwich structure. In the silicon wafer, the (1mm x 2mm x 500μm)-sized cavity was formed by the anisotropic etching of the silicon substrate in EPW(Ethylendiamin-Pyrocatechol-Water). And, the cavity was sealed with glass wafers by SDAB method.

불안정 지지면을 이용한 운동 프로그램이 뇌졸중 환자의 균형에 미치는 효과

이지연,김용수,김진섭,박진현,최윤희,전덕훈,김경 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2010 再活科學硏究 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자의 재활을 위하여 불안정 지지면을 이용한 운동 프로그램이 균형 능력과 운동 기능 능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 불안정 지지면의 이용한 치료는 임상적으로 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자뿐만 아니라 스포츠 손상 및 노인들의 질환 등 다양한 병인을 가진 환자들의 치료에 이용되고 있다. 대부분의 뇌졸중 환자들은 재활 훈련을 할 수 있는 병원이나 기관에서 치료를 받을 때에 지지면의 차이를 제공함으로써 보다 더 안정한 지지면에서 적응할 수 있는 방법이 요구되고 있다. 하지만, 아직도 불안정 지지면을 이용한 구체화된 치료적 운동 방법과 객관적 평가에 대한 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 최근 뇌졸중 환자의 불안정 지지면과 이론적 근거를 바탕으로 한 운동 프로그램에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 실험군과 대조군이 같은 운동 프로그램을 적용하였을 때, 두 그룹 간에서 나타나는 균형 향상과 운동 기능 향상에 어떠한 효과를 주는지 살펴보고자 하였다. The purpose of this article was to study the effect of the exercise programme that uses the unstable supporting surface to rehabilitate cerebrovascular patients on balance ability and exercise function ability. The therapy is being clinically used for the patients with diverse pathological factors such as hemiplegia caused by CVA, sports injury, and diseases in the elderly. when most patients with CVA are treated in the hospital or institute that can provide rehabilitation training, they need to be given the way to adjust more stable surpporting surface by being provide with various stages of surface. However, the actual therapeutic exercises is still needed and the study for objective assessments wants conducting. To solve these problems, the study of unstable surface exercise programmes based on the evidences recently need to be made for the patients with CVA. in this study, we intend to look into what effects on the balance improvement and the exercise function are different from the experimental group to the control group with the same programme applied to the two groups.

성장기 참전복의 배합사료 평가

박흠기,김경덕,이상민 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1999 東海岸硏究 Vol.10 No.2

전복의 영양소 요구에 관한 연구 결과들을 검색하면서 실험 배합사료를 기존의 수입 배합사료와 비교하기 위하여 실험 배합사료 2종, 수입사료 2종 및 천연먹이(미역)를 선정하여 평균체중 2.6g 전후의 참전복 (1년생)을 구입하여 각 사료마다 3반복으로 15주간 사육 실험하였다. 생존율은 모든 실험구에서 95% 이상으로 양호하였으며, 실험구간에 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P>0.05). 최종 평균체중은 미역 공급구가 가장 낮아 실험 배합사료 및 상품사료보다 유의하게 낮았으며(P<0.05), 실험 배합사료와 상품사료 공급구간에는 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 가식부 중량 및 패각성장의 변화도 이와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 실험종료시 전복 가식부의 수분함량은 실험구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. (P>0.05) 가식부 단백질 함량은 두 실험 배합사료 공급구가 상품사료보다 유의하게 높았다. (p<0.05). 실험 배합사료 및 상품사료 공급구의 지질 함량은 미역 공급구가 가장 낮은 값을 보였고 (P<0.05), 실험 배합사료 공급구의 지질 함량은 상품사료보다 높은 값을 보였다.(P<0.05). 실험 배합사료구의 성장 효과가 수입 상품 배합사료와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 이 배합사료 조성비는 상품 사료의 배합비로 사용이 가능 할 것으로 기대된다. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate experimental and commercial diets for growing abalone(Haliotis discus hannai). Three replicate groups of the abalone average weighing 2.6 g were fed two experimental formulated diets containing 33.5% protein and two commercial diets containing 34.2-36.5% protein for 15 weeks. Experimental formulated diets with 20% fish meal and 20-23% soybean meal as protein sources were included. In addition, these experimental and commercial diets were compared with natural food (Undaria). No significant (P>0.05) differences were found among abalone fed the experimental and commercial diets in survival rate, final average weight, shell length and body weight/shell length ratio. Weight and shell growth of abalone fed the natural food (Undaria) were significantly lower than those of abalone fed the experimental and/or commercial formulated diets (P<0.05). These data indicate that experimental formulation used in this study could be used as a practical diet and dietary value of Undaria is lower than formulated diets.

Polystyrene 이장재가 아말감 변연부 미세누출에 미치는 영향

윤태철,노병덕,이경선 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.2

뇌졸중 환자의 상지 재활 치료에 있어서 건측 억제 유도 기법의 적용 가능성

김진섭,김경,이지연,박진현,전덕훈,최윤희 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2010 再活科學硏究 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 편마비 환자의 재활을 위하여 강제유도치료(Constraint Induced movement Therapy: CIMT)의 잠재성을 조사하는 것이다. 강제유도치료는 학습된 불용과 피질 재배치 현상을 근거로 개발된 운동 중재로 임상적으로 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자뿐만 아니라 다양한 병인을 가진 환자들의 치료에 이용되고 있다. 최근 회복시기에 집중적인 치료를 받지 못하는 뇌졸중 환자들을 위한 상지 기능의 향상과 학습된 비사용 현상을 감소시키기 위한 치료 방법으로 강제 유도 운동 치료가 추천되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강제 운동 유도치료의 정의, 적용분야, 이론적 배경, 신경 생리학적 기전 및 장·단점과 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 재활 치료에 있어서 그 적용 가능성에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. The purpose of this review was to research the potential of CIMT(Constraint Induced movement Therapy) on stroke hemiplegic patient rehabilitation. Constraint Induced movement Therapy that is exercise intervention developed on the basis of learned non-use and cortex relocation, is used to treat not only storke hemiplegic patient but also the patients with various other pathogenesis. Constraint Induced movement Therapy is recently recommended as a treatment to improve upper extremity function and reduce learned non-use symptoms in stroke patient who is not received intensive therapy during the recovery time. In this review, definition of constrait induced movement therapy, the applications, the theoretical background, the neurophysiological mechanisms and its feasibility of advantages and disadvantages of the upper extremities rehabilitation were discussed.

시스템 다이내믹스를 이용한 간호단위별 간호인력 산정에 관한 연구

김문실,성영희,권경자,김도형,김정아,신덕신,유인자,유재국,이현숙 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to forecast manpower by building the nursing manpower-staffing model(surgical-medical nursing unite). Method: The system dynamics approach was adapted to build a simulation model for calculating medical-surgical nursing manpower-staffing. The model was built up on Venism 5.0b DSS. Result: The results in the basic circumstance are in following. The level of nursing service quality, patientsatisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction maintains higher at medical-surgical nursing unit of the tertiary hospitals with the ratio of bed to nurse 2.5:1-3.0:1 than at any other situations. The level of nursing service quality, patient satisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction maintains higher at madical nursing unit of the secontary hospotals with the ratio of bed to nurse 3.0:1 and at surgical nursing unit of the secondary hospitals with the ratio of bed to nurse 3.0:1-3.5:1 than at any other situations in the fundamental from. The results in the simulation circumstance are in following, As author raises the operating rate of bed into 95-100%, and cut skilled nursing staff down, the level of nursing-service quality, patient satisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction drops slightly. Conclusion: In terms of economic efficiency on tertiary hospotals, the ratio of bed to nurse for the best reasonable medical-surgical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.0:1. In terms of economic efficiency on secondary hospitals, the ratio of bed to nurse for the best reasonable medical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.0:1 and surgical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.5:1

소간세포암의 진단과 치료 및 예후

이상우,김윤환,이재원,김경수,박미라,박동규,이성준,이구,김광희,김창덕,최재현,류호상,전훈재,송치욱,서성옥,엄숭호,현진해,진윤태 대한간학회 1998 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.4 No.4

Background/ Aims : Cases of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been increasing with the progress of diagnostic methods . In t his study the screening methods for early diagnos is of HCC were re-evaluated, and comparative ther apeutic analyses were perfomed. Methods : A total of 110 pat ients with small HCC ($lt; 5 cm and $lt; 4 nodules ) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into four treatment groups ; unt reated group (No T x, n=12), transarterial-oily-chemoembolization group (TOCE, n=43), combined treatment group of percutaneous ethanol injection and TOCE (CEI, n=22), OP group ( OP, n=33). Results : Small HCC occupied 22.6% of t ot al HCC cases . Only one thir d of small HCC cases were detected during the regular screening. In this group, Alpha- fet oprotein as say pr ovided a diagnostic clue in 50% of cases, ultras onography in 71%, and the combination of both in 88%. Five year s ur vival rat e and 5- year non- recurrence rate in small HCC was 29% and 37% respectively. Comparative ther apeutic analys es showed t hat CEI and OP gave a bet t er s ur vival t han T OCE in Child gr ade A. CEI prolonged survival in Child grade B wher eas TOCE did not . Only TOCE was tried and did not improve the survival in Child grade C. Conclus i on : 1) A more strict screening is needed in high risk group of HCC. 2) As a first line of treatment in small HCC, OP or CEI can be selected in Child grade A, and CEI in Child grade B. In Child grade C, a less invasive treatment (PEIT , microwave coagulat ion therapy) should be investigated. (Korean J Hepatol 1998;4:365 380)

Water Mist Fire Suppression System Using Additives as a Substitution of Halon

Lee,Kyoung Duck,Shin,Chang Sub 한국산업안전학회 2001 한국안전학회지 Vol.16 No.5

Halogen-based fire suppressing agents have environmental problems causing stratospheric ozone depletion and globe warming. As a substitution of halon, water mist is one of an effective fire suppressant. In this study, the extinguishing time of fire was measured with changing of water mist droplet size, flow density and discharge pressure. Also, to improve the extinguishing performance of water mist, the effect of cycling discharge and additive was measured. As a result, the extinguishing time of fire was shorten with the flow density increase. In case of small flow density less than 0.5±0.05㎖/㎠·min, the extinguishing time was shorten with the droplet size increase. When 2.5 wt% NaCl and 0.3% AFFF solution was added to the water mist, the temperature of n-heptane fire was dropped rapidly and the extinguishing time was reduced.

Effect of Dietary Oxidized Squid Liver oil and DL-α-Tocopherol Level on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Flounder

Kyoung-Duck Kim(김경덕),Yong Jin Kang(강용진),HaeYoung Lee(이해영),Kang-Woong Kim(김강웅),Sang-Min Lee(이상민) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2006 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.19 No.2