Electropulsing Treatment on Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Screen-Printed Ag Wire

Ju‑Won Park,Howook Choi,Hwangsun Kim,Simoon Sung,Hye‑Jin Jeong,Il Kim,Jaeseok Gong,Sung‑Tae Hong,Heung Nam Han 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

The effect of high electric current density on the sintering of Ag wires manufactured by screen printing is evaluated throughelectrical resistivity analysis and microstructure observation. Different forms (continuous and pulsed) of electric currentwith different current densities are applied to the specimens. Conventional heat treatment is also performed as a controlgroup to examine the athermal effect of electropulsing treatment. Compared to the conventional heat treatment, the resistivityis reduced more under the electropulsing treatment with continuous current for the same temperature and treatment time.Also, the process time of electropulsing treatment can be reduced by applying a pulse form of high density current insteadof continuous current without losing the benefit of enhanced reduction of resistivity. The microstructural observationsobtained from high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope and a digital precession instrumentclearly show that necking connecting the crystals is formed more firmly under electric current. In addition, the temperaturechange of Ag wire and substrate is calculated according to the change of the resistivity when the electric current is appliedto confirm the reliability.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

新農村建設(定住生活圈開發)을 위한 理論的 考察 및 開發需要調査

金鴻允,李弘柱,鄭禮杓,全禹亭,趙興洙,李信昊,全榮吉 안성산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

Rural of Koreas has rapidly changed through the process of industrialization and urbanization. During past 30 years, development differences between urban and rural, metroplitan area and area derived from a highly economic growth, bring about dual specialization that deepens overpopulation and sparsity. Therefore, with a new concern about rural, necessity of rural development policy that developes a settlement and life area for settlement for ensuing stablized settlement and living activity of rural people, has been drived step by step. For rural welfare establishment that is settled and good hereafter, this study aims at attempting a theoretical approach about the way of development for rural settlement as a new rural development strategy through examination of today's rural reality, under assumption that rural people must be able to obtain stable jobs and to be pleasant without leaving rural area, and rural settlement to be able to enjoy urban advantages must be realized. Therefore, items that must be obtained basically rural area to be a human settlement space are equipment connected with a dwelling house, production, consumption, job relaxation, infrastructure connected with transportation or communication network and environment. By the way, the best function of a human settlement space makes a basic pleasant settlement area to be in the middle of that. Then rationalization of land use must be realized as being a best condition for human life around space of a dewelling house. Besides, spacial accessibility about all equipment of inhabitants must be easy. That is, economic distance, social distance and cultural distance as well as spacial distance must be included. Also, those spacial functions must be realized on a basis of suitable enironment for a human settlement life. At the same tiem, the upper area must be connected with the lower area as the system of spacial settlement in settlement space. But truely, as rural people can't satisfy with services of the surrounding rural areas, they desire better city or metroplitan. The these problems bring about inequality between urban and rural. Therefore, here are urgent reasons that must be done rearing of rural central town and rural integrated development of unit area. So, these dys, to correct maldistribution of land use and inequality of settlement space that Korean society faces on, new strategies of rural integrated development for lift area for settlement than gives the meaning. That rural areas become like a place for human settlement life will be able to be chosen in the view of humanism. The say of thinking of rural residents(Jukans-myun, Anseong-gun, Kyeonggi-do) was surveyed in order to develop new rural settlement planning. From the data collected in this survey, rural life-style, view on traditional rural life, agriculture, farming, agri-policy, social attitude, and degree of satifaction of rural life, etc, were analyzed. Firstly, most of rural residents interviewed in this survey have the opinion of not leaving their home village if living conditions improved to a reasonable level in the near future. In decision-making process of village affairs, they want to participate actively and equally. Secondly, in spite of their acceptance of agriculture as a vital sector destined to national security, most of them think that framing should be little of promise. Thirdly, they have the negative attitude to urban-oriented social valued and also to the agricultural policy, while seeking consolation through human and traditional viewing of rural life style. Therefore, in the development of new rural settlement model, idea-making should be directed to the betterment of communal value of village life, stability of rural economy, rationalization of rural life style and enhancement of rural-type happiness.

Wrapper 자동생성 에이전트를 이용한 XML 기반 데이터 통합 시스템 연구

주경희,김흥식,서재현 인제대학교 2001 仁濟論叢 Vol.16 No.1

인터넷 사용이 급격히 증가하면서, 인터넷상에 분산된 이질 정보자원들에 대해 사용자가 쉽게 접근하도록 하기 위해 몇몇 통합시스템들이 제안되고 있는데, 이들 통합시스템은 대개 mediator-wrapper 구조를 가지고 있으며, 이는 분산 이질 정보자원들 각각에 대해 wrapper를 필요로 한다. 하지만 개발자들이 일일이 wrapper를 직접 작성하는 것은 많은 시간과 비용을 요구하며 지금도 증가하고 있는 정보자원들을 고려해 보면 매우 비실용적이다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 wrapper 작성시 소스에 한정되는 상세한 부분은 wrapper 개발자와 상호작용을 통해 작성되게 하고, 공통적으로 해당하는 부분은 명세를 통해 자동으로 생성되게 하는 wrapper 생성 에이전트를 이용한 XML 기반 데이터 통합 시스템을 제안한다. As internet usage rapidly increases, several integration systems have been proposed to make users' access easy and these usually have mediator-wrapper structure which needs a wrapper for each distributed heterogeneous information source. However, developers' hand-writing for each source requires much time and expense and, considering the increasing number of web information sources, it is rather impractical. Therefore, in this paper, I suggest an XML-based data integration system that makes source-specific details written through interaction with wrapper developers and common parts automatically written through specification using a wrapper generation agent.

학교주변 유해환경의 실태와 개선방안 : 학교환경위생정화구역을 중심으로

김흥주 韓國學校保建學會 1996 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

WMT를 이용한 인터넷 방송국 구축

김홍식,이영진,조재영,주영훈,박주연,송선아 인제대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 자연과학 Vol.4 No.-

WMT(Windosw Media Technologies)는 Microsoft에서 만든 인터넷 또는 인트라넷상에서 고품질의 오디오/비디오를 실시간으로 전송하여 주는 멀티미디어 스트리밍 기술이다. WMT는 대부분의 로컬 및 스트리밍 멀티미디어 파일 형식을 지원하기 때문에 개발자들은 어떤 웹 어플리케이션이나 사이트에라도 오디오와 비디오 방송을 구축할 수 있다. WMT에 포함된 Windows Media Encoder, Windows Media On Demand Producer등을 이용하고 전용서버를 설치하여 on-Demand방송이나 실시간 인터넷 방송을 구축할 수 있다. WMT is the multimedia streaming technology which transfer the audio and video on Internet or Intranet. Because WMT supports almost styles of local and streaming multimedia file, some developers build the radio and video broadcasting system at any web applications and sites. This paper shows the method of develop the realtime internet broadcastion system with WMT.

Potassium alum과 비우식성 감미료의 병용이 Streptococcus mutans의 성장에 미치는 영향

김윤정,차정단,김지영,김강주,이흥수 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

Traditionally, Koreans have used potassium alum by mouth rinse when they suffered from stomatitis. This study was carried out to investigate the combined effect of potassium alum with aspartame, sorbitol and xylitol on the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The relative growth ratio of S. mutans JC-2 cultured at different concentrations of potassium alum and different concentrations of aspartame, sorbitol and xylitol was examined. The combined effect of different concentrations of potassium alum with 0.5% and 10.0% of aspartame, sorbitol and xylitol was examined. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of potassium alum was 5.0mg/ml against S. mutans JC-2. The relative growth ratio of potassium alum on S. mum JC-2 was affected at the concentration of 2.0mg/ml. The growth of S. mutans JC-2 decreased at the concentration of 10.0% of aspartame and sorbitol. Also, a combination of potassium alum and sugar substitutes was more effective against S. mum than the use of one sugar substitute alone. The inhibitory effect of potassium alum and sugar substitutes on S. mutans may be an important mechanism of caries prevention by potassium alum.

담배연기성분 중 니코틴함량 측정결과에 대한 불확도 산정

김영신,정재훈,임흥빈,이학수,석영선,신주식 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

담배성분에 대하여 정량분석을 하여 구하는 값은 측정하고자 하는 대상의 참값에 대한 추정값이며, 이는 이상적인 참값으로부터 여러 가지 원인에 의해 벗어나게 된다. 실험 분석 결과는 실험대상에 대한 여러 가지 판단 근거를 제공하는 것이며, 이에 대한 신뢰성의 척도로 불확도가 사용되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 담배연기성분 중 니코틴함량 측정결과에 대하여 신뢰성을 부가시키고, 더욱이 실험과정에서 중요한 불확도의 원인을 찾아내어 해당부분의 불확도를 줄임으로써 보다 정확한 분석결과를 얻고자 이루어졌으며 이 방법으로 추정된 CM4의 측정값과 불확도 표현은 다음과 같다. Nicotine : 1.28 ± 0.01 mg/cig. (신뢰 구간 95.45%, k=2) Measurements by quantitative analysis of tobacco components were the presumed value of a true value. But this measurement was out of ideal true value by various reasons. The aim of this study was to invest with confidence to measurement of nicotine content in tobacco smoke components and to reduce uncertainty by searching uncertainty reasons. Uncertainty of nicotine contents of CORESTA monitor 4 by this method was as follows.

웹과 DB상의 효율적인 정보검색을 위한 데이터 통합 시스템 설계

주경희,김홍식,서재현 인제대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 자연과학 Vol.4 No.-

현재 인터넷상의 많은 정보자원들은 시스템 및 데이터 모델, 질의어, 스키마 등 여러 단계에 있어 이질성을 가지고 있으며, 데이터베이스분야에 있어서도 이질적인 데이터베이스의 통합은 중요한 문제가 되어왔다. 또한 사용자들은 현재 데이터베이스에 저장된 정보뿐만 아니라 웹 상에 산재한 정보들에 대해 하나하나 직접 접근해야 하는데, 사용자들은 단일화된 뷰를 통해 웹과 데이터베이스 정보들을 손쉽게 검색하길 원하며, 이질적인 데이터들의 통합을 필요로 하는 애플리케이션도 증가하고 있다. 이러한 애플리케이션을 만드는데 드는 많은 비용과 노력을 줄이기 위해, 웹과 DB상의 데이터를 단일화된 뷰를 통해 제공하는 데이터통합시스템이 요구되는데, 본 논문에서는 mediator-wrapper구조를 이용해, Web상의 자원들과 이종의 데이터베이스자원들을 통합된 뷰를 통해 제공하는 데이터통합시스템구조를 제안하고자 한다. Currently, lots of internet information sources have heterogeneity in the various level, such as in system, data model, query language and schema etc., and heterogeneous database integration has been the important issue in database area. And besides, users have to access directly to the data in database as well as to the data on the Web, but they want to easily retrieve the information of the Web and DB through a integrated view. And applications to require the integration of heterogeneous data increase continuously. To save much expense and effort in making these application, a data integration system to expose data on the web and in database through a integrated view is required. So, in this paper, 1 suggest data integration system structure to expose data on the web and in database through a integrated view using mediator-wrapper structure.

腎細胞癌 細胞核 영상의 등급별 분류를 위한 3차원 텍스쳐 定量化 연구

김태윤,최현주,최흥국 仁濟大學校 2006 仁濟論叢 Vol.21 No.1

세포 영상 분석에 널리 사용되는 형태학적이나 위상학적인 정보뿐만 아니라 세포핵과 염색질의 텍스쳐 특정값들은 병리 진단이나 예후 추정을 위한 중요한 정보들을 담고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 논문은 디지털 세포측정학을 기반으로 신장 세포암 (RCC:Renal Cell Carcinoma)의 컨포컬 레이져 스캐닝 현미경 영상에 적용할 수 있는 등급별 분류 시스템 개발을 위한 3차원 텍스쳐 특성값에 대한 연구를 목적으로 한다. 본 연구를 위해 실제 세포핵 데이터로부터 3D GLCM과 3D GLRLM을 정의하고 값을 추출하여 정량적인 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 통계학적인 처리를 통해 6개의 분류 모델을 생성하고 비교하여 그 유효성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 현재 널리 이용되고 있는 2차원 기반 영상 분석의 한계를 극복하고 보다 정확한 진단과 예후 추정으로 높은 임상 활용도를 제공할 수 있는 3차원 기반의 새로운 등급 시스템 개발의 기반을 마련하고자 한다. The objective of the this thesis is to study of three-dimensional textural features applied to laser scanning confocal microscopy based on the Digital Image Cytometry. For this study, first, we performed a visualization of cell nuclei using three-dimensional surface rendering and labelling. Then, we also extracted texture feature values from three-dimensional co-occurrence matrices and run-length matrices and performed quantitative analysis using statistics. Finally we tested new classification model based on three-dimensional texture features and performed the comparative study using 5 classification model for validation. Through the result of this study, we could be develop a new grading system of the renal cell carcinoma which have higher clinical usability.