발아율 향상을 위한 종자처리 중 담배 종자의 지방산 변화

신주식,김영신 충북대학교 연초연구소 2006 煙草硏究 Vol.20 No.-

본 연구에서는 발아력 향상을 위해 담배품종 Nicotiana tabacum cv. KF109와 cv. KB108 종자에 종자전처리방법 중 하나인 solid matrix priming (SMP)처리를 하여 전처리 효과를 알아보고 전처리과정 중 담배종자 발아시 에너지원으로 사용되는 지방산의 함량 변화를 조사한 결과 아래와 같다. 1. 발아시험결과 전처리에 의한 처리간 발아율 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 발아세, T50은 KF109의 경우 9일처리, KB108의 경우 7일처리에서 가장 높았다. 2. 종자내 지방산을 분석한 결과 처리기간동안 함량의 변화가 큰 지방산의 종류는 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid+elaidic acid, linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid, α-linole nic acid였다. 3. 지방산 종류에 따라 다소 차이가 있으나 각 지방산의 함량은 KF109의 경우 8일 또는 9일에서, KB108의 경우 6일 또는 7일까지 증가하였다가 이후 감소하였다. 4. 특히 지방산 중 oleic acid+elaidic acid와 linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid 함량의 변화가 가장 컸으며 다른 지방산에 비하여 함량도 높았는데 KF109와 KB108 품종의 경우 8일과 6일처리까지 각각 증가하여 최고에 이른 후 급격히 감소하는 결과를 보여 종자전처리 진행과정을 확인하는 데에 이용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. We studied the effect of SMP(solid matrix priming) treatment, a pretreatment for germination enhancement, to tobacco seeds by measuring of germination rate and fatty acid, energy source for tobacco germination. The results were as follows. In result of germination test, germinative ability was the highest in KF109 at nine day treatment and in KB108 at seven day treatment. The composition of fatty acid in tobacco seed confirmed by gas chromatography were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid+elaidic acid, linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid, and a-linolenic acid. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and elaidic acid, and linoleic acid and linolelaidic acid were highest in KF109 at eight or nine day treatment and in KB108 at six or seven day treatment. Especially, content of oleic acid + elaidic acid, and linoleic acid+linolelaidic acid were changed largely by treatment, so these might be used for index to examine treatment effect.

중국 사회주의 시장경제의 단계별 발전이론들의 등장 배경과 이론논쟁에 관한 연구

신주식 중국학연구회 2006 중국학연구 Vol.- No.38

A Study of Appearance Background and Theoretical Controversies of Gradual Development Theories Related to the Chinese Socialist Market Economy

조화사회론의 연원(渊源), 태동배경 및 발전방향에 관한 연구 -유가 조화사회 사상이 끼친 영향을 중심으로-

신주식 한중사회과학학회 2011 한중사회과학연구 Vol.9 No.3

The first chapter of this paper presents the focus of the study: the study first analyzes that China’s diplomatic strategies has shown toughness and moderateness by turns throughout the history and that she will continue to do so in the future, then it predicts that the development of Harmonious Society Theory will set new tasks toward China herself, the major economic powers and the neighboring countries. The second chapter first describes the origin and the notion of harmony(和谐), including the traditional Confucian notion of harmony. Then it analyzes that the key points of both the notion of harmony and the traditional Confucian notion of harmony are “compatibility within incompatibility”, “coexistence and minglement of diversity within conflicts and quarrels”, “a state in which even the most diverse and heterogeneous opposites can become the subjects of harmony”. The third chapter consists of three parts, and analyzes respectively ① the background and the process of development of Hu’s Harmonious Society Theory from the viewpoint of Confucian notion of harmonious society, ② the catalysts for development of Harmonious Society Theory from the viewpoint of Chinese culture ③ the background and the process of development of Hu’s Harmonious Society Theory. The fourth chapter explains the recent development of Hu’s Harmonious Society Theory in four directions : ① development as an alternative to ease concerns over “the rise of great power(大国崛起)”, ② development as a omni-directional and omni-dimensional universal theory, rather than focusing on particular areas, ③ development as a theory with more computable, measurable,analytical and statistical methods and case studies, ④ development as a theory including concrete case studies upon various districts in China and other nations in the world. Here, the paper presents the purpose and the results of the study together, because both the purpose and the results of the study are related to the “recent development of the theory in four directions” explained in chapter 4. In terms of the first direction of development, which is “the development as an alternative to ease concerns over ‘the rise of great power(大国崛起)”. it can be evaluated as a flexible theory from the pragmatic point of view. In terms of the second direction of development, which is “the development as an omni-directional and omni-dimensional universal theory, rather than focusing on particular areas”, it can be evaluated as a theory that attempts unlimited expansion of the theoretical domain. In terms of the third direction of development, which is “the development as a theory with more computable,measurable, analytical and statistical methods and case studies”, it can be evaluated as a theory that integrates the ancient ideas and the modern science. In terms of the fourth direction of development, which is “the development as a theory including concrete case studies upon various districts in China and other nations in the world”, it can be evaluated as a theory that established both the national and the global/international theoretical basis. Finally, the fifth chapter presents problems that need to be solved in order for Hu’s Harmonious Society Theory to realize sound development in the future. It suggests that China should establish proper legislative system and govern the nation by legislation(依法治国), formulate policies that can solve corruption problems and realize social justice, develop mechanisms that can resolve contradictions within the society, and improve international relationship with other nations in the world by institutional approaches, etc. Regarding the research methodology, the methodology of literature review has been mainly used for drawing up this paper and the way of actual field survey and study including a visit to the libraries has been additionally used for investigating statistical figures.

담배 摘芯前 및 後의 腋芽發生의 品種間 差異

申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1988 煙草硏究 Vol.13 No.-

1.Differences of ground sucker development among varieties were shown. The peak time of developing the ground suckers were eight weeks after transplanting influe-cured, and six weeks in local varieties. Burley varieties showed little development of ground suckers. 2.Dry weight per a ground sucker was large in local, medium in flue-cured, and seal 1 in burley varieties. 3.In flue-cured varieties, the dry matter of ground sucker was large in Coker 139, BY 4 and Va 115, and small in NC 82 and Nc2326. 4.Burley varieties had the most number of suckers and Cheongjuyub the least primary suckers of Ky10, secondary suckers of Burley 21 and Coker 139, and tertiary suckers of the other varieties were shown as the peak developing time, Local varieties had few or no quadratic suckers. 5.The growth rate of ground suckers and suckers of Hyangcho was remarkably larger than any other varieties. Burley varieties had small ground suckers relatively large suckers. Cheongjuyub had large ground suckers and small leers. Flue-cured varieties lay between the burley and local varieties.

사회과학 : 중국 소수민족의 정체성 약화현상에 대한 연구

신주식 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센타 중국연구소 2003 中國硏究 Vol.32 No.-

播種期 및 育苗日數가 黃色種 담배의 初期生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響

申周植,盧載榮,裵吉寬,朴相一 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1984 煙草硏究 Vol.11 No.-

This experiment was carried out to study the influence of different sowing time, seedling age (the degree of delayed setting) and seedlingbed materials on the growth and yield components of flue-cured tobacco. The variety applied was N.C. 2326, was sown on March 1,11,21 and 31. Those plants were transplanted on the seeding bed mixed humus with sand at the ratio of humus 9 : sand 1 and humus 3: sand 7, 25 days after sowing. Seedlings were grown for 40, 50, 60 and 70 days (from sowing to setting) on the seed bed and seedling bed, and set on the pots (1/5,000a) in the vinyl house. The results obtained were as forlows . 1.The amount of growth of seedlings increased by late sowing and delayed setting. 2.Until the time before the maximum growth stage after setting, stem heigth was larger in the plots of late sowing and delayed setting. After the middle part of maximum growth stage, the earner the sewing time was, the more remarkable the influence of seedling age on the stem elongation was and the larder the seedling age was, the more remarkable the influence of sowing time on the stem elongation was. 3.Stem diameter was large in the plot to late sowing until the early part of maximum growth stage but after the middle part of maximum growth stage the diameter was large in the plants sown at March 11 and March 21. 4.The number of leaves per plant increased by late sowing and delayed setting shown significant difference after maximum growth stage. 5.Late setting made the stem height high and number of leaves per plant more. The size of largest leaf was small in the plot of early sowing and large in the plot set after May 10. 6.It takes more days to reach a topping time from sowing and setting in the case of early sowing and early setting. 7.In early sowing plots, the leaf area of lugs and cutlers decreased by younger seedling age, and in late sowing plots, that decreased by older seedling age. The leaf area of leaf and tip at different treatments showed similar results, but in the plots sown at March 11 and 21, largest leaf was shown in the plot of 50- day seedlings. The area of green tip decreased by late seeding and delayed setting. As a result of theses the plant type showed sylindrical in the plot of early sowing and younger seedling age, and cone shape in the plot of late sewing and older seedling age. 8.The earlier the sowing time and the younger the seedling age were, the heavier the weight of unit leaf area of lugs and cutters, but there were little influences of different sowing time and seedling age on the weight of unit leaf area of leaf, tip and green tip. The percentage of dry matter showed similar tendency to the results of weight of unit leaf area. 9.Late sowing (March, 31) decreases the weight of a cured leaf. Weight of cured cutter was largest in the plots sowing March 1 and that of leaf tip and green tip was largest in the plots sowing March 11 and March 21. The weight of cured lugs was largest in 40 and 50-day seedlings, and that of tip and green tip was largest in 50-day seedlings. There were little differences of weight of a cutter and leaf among the treatments of different seedling age. 10.In 40- day seedlings, the area and weight of leaves per plant increased by late sowing, and in 70-day seedlings, those increased by early sowing. In 50 and 60-day seedlings, those were highest in the plots sown at March 11 and March 21. Largest weight and area of leaves per plant was shown in the plot set on May 10, and the plots set on April 10, and June 1 showed significantly low weight of loaves per plant. 11.Late sowing and older seedling age increased the leaf thickness of those leaves. Different sowing time and the seedling age did not influence on the leaf area contraction ratio and leaf thickness of leaf, tip and green tip. 12.There were significantly negative correlation between leaf area of lug and cutter and weight per unit leaf area, percentage of dry matter and leaf thickness of the lug and cutters, but no correlation between those characters of leaf, tip and green tip. Weight per unit leaf area correlated positively with percentage of dry matter and specific leaf weight in all stalk position. In the lug and cutter, weight per unit leaf area correlated positively with leaf thickness and negatively with leaf area contraction between weight per unit leaf area and leaf area contraction ratio. There were negative correlation between leaf thickness and leaf area contractions of lugs and cutters, and no correlation between those characters of leaf, tip and green tip. 13.There were not significant effects of seedling bed materials applied in this experiment on the growth after setting and yield components.

담배個體群의 生態學的 硏究 : 第三報 담배의 葉型에 따른 葉面積 測定方法에 關한 硏究 III. Methods of Measuring Leaf Area of Tobacco according to Leaf Shape

申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1978 煙草硏究 Vol.5 No.-

This experiment was performed to study the methods of measuring the leaf area for the undetached leaf from the stem. According to leaf position and leaf shape, the relationship between precise leaf area (PLA) and leaf length×width (LL×LW) was analysed. In that relationship, leaf area coefficients (a) (PLA/LL×LW) were obtained. In addition to the above, some coefficients to correct the leaf area by leaf weight was obtained. The results are summarized as follows. 1.Coefficient (a) was varied according to leaf position and leaf shape index (LSI). The coefficient of the lower middle and upper leaves were 0.6464, 0.6527 and 0.6621 respectively. According to the LSI-I, the coefficient for the loaves below 45% in LSI-I was 0.6405, and that of the leaves above 45% was 0.6563. The average coefficient for all the leaves was 0. 2.The higher the LSI-III was, the higher the coefficient was. But the higher tnt SI-II was, the lower the coefficient was. 3.Six types of leaves was divided according to three LSI used in this experiment. Different types of leaves showed different value of coefficient. 4.In the relationship between the precise leaf area and the leaf area computed by leaf weight and weight of unit leaf area, regression coefficients and leaf area coefficients showed differences according to leaf position and leaf shape.

담배 個體群의 生態學的 硏究 : 第6報 個體群內 葉分布樣式 및 몇가지 形質에 미치는 栽植距離 및 密度의 影響 Part VI. The Effect of Plant Spacings and Density on the Leaf Distribution Pattern and on Some Agronomic Characteristics

申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1982 煙草硏究 Vol.9 No.-

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of plants density and spacings on the leaf azimuth, number and percentage of leaves oriented to the right angle to the row and parallel to the row, the degree of midrib curvature, and some other agronomic. Hicks(flue-cured tobacco) and Burley-21(Burley tobacco) were applied in this experiment. The results are summarized as follows. The leaf azimuth was influenced by plants density and spacings. The prefered azimuth of the leaves tended to be towards the direction of greater spacing. The percentage of leaves oriented to the right angle to the row is greater than that oriented parallel to the row. And the percentage of leaves oriented to the right angle to the row increased in the case of high density and narrow spacing between plants in a row. Hicks had more leaves haying curved than Burley-21 did. There was no correlation between the percentage of leaves having curved midrib and the percentage of leaves oriented parallel to the row. And these were no differences of the percentage of loaves having curved midrib according to plants density and spacings. In the cane of middle leaves, weight of leaf lamina, weight per unit leaf area, percentage of dry matter and specific weight were larger in the larger part of the lamina than in the smeller part of the lamina of loaves having curved midrib.

담배 個體群의 生態學的 硏究(II) : 單位面積當 葉數 및 L.A.I.의 影響 Effects of Number of Leaves per Unit Area and L.A.I.

申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1976 煙草硏究 Vol.3 No.1

This experiment was performed to investigate the variation of L.A.I. and some characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Hicks) according to increasing number of leaves per 10a. The results obtained are as follows. 1.By increasing plant density, the leaves had narrow width and leaf shape index (leaf width/leaf length × 100) became small. 2.The more the number of leaves per unit area were, the more the L.A.I. and yield, and the lesser the relative light requirement and weight of unit leaf area were. 3.There were significantly negative correlation between L,A.I. and relative light requirement weight of unit leaf area, percentage of dry matter and weight of a leaf, and was positive correlation between L.A.I. and yields. 4.In case of the same number of leaves per 10a (but not the same plant density), relative light requirement and weight of unit leaf area of upper and lower leaves were decreased at the plot of lower plant density and many loaves per a plant, if the number of leaves per 10a was 33,600 or less. While, those were decreased at the plot of high plant density and less leaves per a plant, if the number was 38,400 or more. But those of middle leaves became lowered by increasing plant density. 5.Further studies will be performed to make clear the effect of methods and time of controlling the number of leaves per unit area on the characteristics of tobacco.

중국경제성장이 중국 소수민족의 민족주의에 미치는 영향

신주식,최용호 慶北大學校 經濟經營硏究所 2003 經商論集 Vol.31 No.1