6LoWPAN을 위한 단편 패킷의 저전력 멀티홉 전송 기법

김일휴,남영진,김 창 훈 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2010 情報通信硏究 Vol.7 No.1

The fragmentation and reassembly of IP data packet is one of the most important function in the 6LoWPAN based communication between Internet and wireless sensor network. However, since the 6LoWPAN determines the destination node with 16-bits or 64-bits address, it increases the number of fragmentation and reassembly. In order to reduce the number of fragmentation and reassembly, this paper presents a new scheme that can be applicable to 6LoWPAN. When a fragmented packet header is constructed, we can have more space for data. This is because we use 8-bits routing table ID instead of 16-bits or 64-bits MAC address to decide the destination node. Analysis shows that our design has roughly 7% or 22% less transmission number of fragmented packets, depending on MAC address size(16-bits or 64-bits), compared with the previously proposed scheme in RFC4944. The reduced fragmented packet transmission means a low power consumption since the packet transmission is the very high power function in wireless sensor networks. Therefore the presented fragmented transmission scheme is well suited for low-power wireless sensor networks. 6LoWPAN 프로토콜의 주요 기능 중 단편과 재조합의 기능은 무선 센서네트워크와 인터넷간의 데이터 전송을 가능하게 하는 가장 중요한 기능이다. 그러나 6LoWPAN에서는 IP 패킷의 단편화시 16-비트 혹은 64-비트의 주소로서 목적지를 판단하기 때문에 데이터 패킷을 위한 공간이 부족하여 단편 및 재조합의 횟수를 증가 시킨다. 본 논문에서는 6LoWPAN상에서 데이터의 단편 횟수를 줄일 수 있는 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 단편 패킷 헤더 구성 시 주소가 아닌 8-비트 라우팅 테이블 Id를 사용함으로써 데이터 저장을 위한 더 많은 공간을 확보 할 수 있다. UTRC-SN110 센서 노드를 이용한 실험 결과 기존 RFC4944에서 제안된 단편 패킷 전송 방식과 비교 분석한 결과 16-비트 주소방식보다 약 7%, 64-비트 주소방식보다 약 22%의 전송 횟수 감소를 보인다. 무선 센서노드에서 패킷의 전송은 많은 전력을 소모하기 때문에 패킷 전송횟수의 감소는 전력 소모량의 감소를 의미한다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제안한 단편 패킷 전송기법은 에너지 사용량이 중요한 무선 센서네트워크 응용에 적합하다 할 수 있다.

등척성 신전운동 시 요부근의 근 활성도

유원규,정영종,이재호,김창인 한국전문물리치료학회 2001 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Back extension exercises have been used for rehabilitation of the injured low back, prevention of injury, and fitness training programs. However, excessive loading on low back can exacerbate existing structural weakness. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity of low back muscles during back extension exercises. Twenty healthy male subjects were evaluated, Electromyographic (EMG) activities of low back muscles at L1 and L5 level were recorded during seven different back extension exercises and two reference tasks by surface EMG and saved for data analysis. Reference tasks of lifting 20% and 40% of their body weight were included for comparison. The result were as follows: 1) Single-arm extension and single-leg extension exercises on quadruped position appeared to constitute a low-risk exercise for initial extensor strengthening. 2) When arm extension was combined with contralateral leg extension on quadruped position, EMG activities of low back muscles were increased, 3) EMG activity of low back muscles was highest during the trunk extension exercises on prone position. 4) EMG activities of low back muscles during arm and leg extension exercises on quadruped position were less than those of reference task of lifting 40% of their body weight. These results have important implications for progressive back extensor muscle

중이온 빔 조사에 의한 담배의 돌연변이 유도와 내염성 식물의 선발

배창휴,Abe, Tomoko,민경수,김동철,정재성,이춘환,임용표,이효연 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

중이온 빔을 이용한 방사선 돌연변이의 기초자료를 얻고자 담배의 수분·수정 직후의 원배에 100 Gy의 중이온빔을 조사하여 M_1세대의 종자를 얻었다. NaCI 2.0과 2.5%를 포함된 MS배지에 M_1 세대의 종자를 파종하여 17개통의 NaCI 저항성 식물체를 선발하였다. 저항성 식물체는 BY-4품종에 ^14N빔을 조사한 처리구에서만 관찰되었다. M_1 세대의 저항성 식물체의 경우 영양생장기간 중에는 외형적 변이가 관찰되지 않았으나 생식생장기의 화기에 있어서는 다양한 변이가 관찰되었다. 특히 암술 수술의 길이의 변화, 꽃잎의 변화, 불완전 화분립, 줄기당 꽃의 착생수 감소 등의 변이가 발생하였다. M_1 세대에서 17개의 NaCI저항성 계통 중에서 8계통은 M_2 세대에도 저항성형질이 발현되었고, 또한 M_2 세대의 3계통은 Mannitol이 포함된 배지에서 저항성을 보여주었다. Tobacco proembryos were irradiated with 100 Gy of heavy-ion beams (^14N, ^20Ne : 135 Mev/u) after 24 to 96 hours of pollination as a mutagen and screened M_1 generation for morphological mutants and salt-tolerant plants. Morphological and physilolgical characteristics of the salt-tolerant plants derived from the irradiated proembryo are discussed in this report. Mutants irradiated porembryos with the beams after pollination produced various kinds of morphological variation. A total of 17 salt-tolerant plants were selected from tobacco cultivar (BY-4) by treatment with ^14N beam. Shapes of filament and pollen grain of most salt-tolerant plants were abnormal compared with non-irradiated wild type, and seeds weight and fertility obviously decreased. The germination rates of the several M_2 lines on the saline and the mannitol condition were higher than that of wild type.

인천지역 한 대학병원에서 진단된 기관지천식 중 직업관련성 천식

채창호,진영우,김은아,최승원,강성규,최용휴 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Bronchial Asthma could be developed by occupational origin. 4-16% of bronchial asthmas are known to be related to occupational exposure. However, occupational asthma has not been reported from the periodic occupational health examination, but reported through case report from clinicians. The authors analysed hospital records to find out work-related bronchial asthma and their occupational characteristics at a university hospital in Inchon. All records which were confirmed as bronchial asthma in adult by an allegist from June, 1996 to May, 1998 were selected. Through record reviewing, any suspected work related asthma was selected and the inteview was done by phone or at the out-patient clinic. The possible cases were confirmed by additional tests including specific bronchial provocation test. Sixteen(3.9%) out of 411 bronchial asthma were confirmed as work-related asthma. Eight cases out of 16 worked at furniture industry, three worked at dye manufacturing and two worked at musical instrument manufacturing industry. Others worked at farm and machinary industry. The confirmed asthmogen were toluene diisocyante(8), reactive dye(3), and grain dust(1). None of the cases was detected as work-related asthma in the periodic health examination. Twelve out of sixteen occupational asthma patients discontinued their work. The results suggested that many patients with occupational asthma were not reported and the periodic health examination was not an effective system for detecting the workrelated asthma. Thus setting up the surveillance system involving allergist or pulmonologist would be important to detect and prevent occupational asthma.

硏究論文 : 국지적으로 분포하는 식물에 대한 기후 및 환경변수 영향

권혁수 ( Hyu Ksoo Kwon ),류지은 ( Ji Eun Ryu ),서창완 ( Chang Wan Seo ),김지연 ( Ji Yeon Kim ),도재화 ( Jae Hwa Tho ),서민환 ( Min Hwan Suh ),박종화 ( Chong Hwa Park ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2012 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.15 No.6

Climate is generally accepted as one of the major determinants of plants distribution. Plants are sensitive to bioclimates, and local variations of climate determine habitats of plants. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the distribution of narrow-range plants in South Korea using National Survey of Natural Environment data. We developed species distribution models for 6 plant species using climate, topographic and soil factors. All 6 plants were most sensitive to climatic factors but less other factors at national scale. Meliosma myriantha, Stewartia koreana and Eurya japonica, distributed at southern and coast region in Korea, were most sensitive to precipitation and temperature. Meliosma myriantha was mostly effected by annual precipitation and precipitation of driest quarter, Stewartia koreana was effected by annual precipitation and elevation, and Eurya japonica was affected by temperature seasonality and precipitation of driest quarter. On the other hand, Spiraea salicifolia, Rhododendron micranthum and Acer tegmentosum, distributed at central and northern inland in Korea, were most sensitive to temperature and elevation. Spiraea salicifolia was affected by mean temperature of coldest quarter and annual mean temperature, Rhododendron micranthum and Acer tegmentosum were affected by mean temperature of warmest quarter and elevation. We can apply this result to future plant habitat distribution under climate change.

Development of vitrification protocol in Rubia akane (nakai) hairy roots using a systematic approach.

Park, Sang-Un,Kong, Hyunjung,Shin, Dong-Jin,Bae, Chang-Hwan,Lee, Sheong-Chun,Bae, Chang-Hyu,Rha, Eui-Shik,Kim, Haeng-Hoon Royal Veterinary College 2014 Cryo letters Vol.35 No.2

<P>A solution-based vitrification protocol is a process of sequentially changing-solutions from which both influx of cryoprotectants (loading) and efflux of water (dehydration) were accomplished before cryo-exposure. Hence, we need to properly control the concentration /composition of the cryoprotectant solutions.</P>

부산·울산·경남지역 직업병 감시체계

김정일,김병권,김정원,채창호,이철호,강동묵,김지홍,김진하,김영욱,이영하,이지호,김정호,윤형렬,유철인,정백근,장태원,김운규,윤동영,강진욱,김종은,안진홍,이동준,장준호,이광영,송혜란,최영희,이용환,조병만,최홍렬,고상백,김은아,이유진,홍영습,정갑열,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Objective: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases Methods: l l hospital participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted. Results: Between April 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7%) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9%). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6%) and 4 (12.1%) cases of occupational asthma, the agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10(58.8%) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5(29.4%) as adenoma. Conclusion: This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

유기물 장기연용 논토양에서 질소수준에 따른 쌀 수량 및 미질 특성 변화

양창휴 ( Chang Hyu Yang ),류철현 ( Chul Hyun Yoo ),정지호 ( Ji Ho Jeong ),이상복 ( Sang Bok Lee ),백승화 ( Seung Hwa Baek ),이상욱 ( Sang Uk Lee ),김성조 ( Seong Jo Kim ) 원광대학교 생명자원과학연구소 2006 생명자원과학연구 Vol.28 No.-

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil environment and crop productivity in paddy soil with annual dressing of organic matter and NPK. Uptake amount of nitrogen in straw and grain was increased by application of organic matter and N use efficiency of rice plant was high in order of NPK + compost> NPK + straw> NPK. Content of nitrogen and magnesium in brown rice was increased by application of rice straw and compost and Mg/K, Mg/K·N ratio was the highest in NPK + compost. There were little difference in protein and amylose content in the milled rice among the treatments. On the while fat content was the highest in NPK + compost and TOYO palatability index was high in order of NPK + compost>NPK>NPK + straw. Application of organic matter caused to improve appearance characteristics of brown rice and milled rice, head rice ratio and perfect kernel ratio. But grain quality was deteriorated by non-application of organic matter because of high broken kernel and damaged kernel ratio. Yield of milled rice was increased in applying organic matter plot due to the increase number of panicles and spikelets per m2.

VDT작업이 안 조절반응과 동공 대광반사에 미치는 영향

김은아,김양호,진영우,채창호,최용휴,문영한,Kim, Eun-A,Kim, Yang-Ho,Jin, Young-Woo,Chai, Chang-Ho,Choi, Yong-Hyu,Moon, Young-Hahan 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.3

6명의 20대 여성을 대상으로 VDT작업으로 인한 조절반응 및 동공대광반사의 작업부과에 따른 변화와 다른 사무작업을 부과할 때와의 차이를 보았다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. VDT작업에서 작업부과 시간이 증가함에 따라 조절 수축속도가 감소했으며 1시간의 휴식시간 후에는 현저하게 증가했고 다시 작업을 부과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 조절 수축속도의 변화보다는 뚜렷하지 않지만 이완속도도 VDT작업부과에 따라 감소되고 휴식에 의한 회복되는 경향을 보였다. 2. 일반 사무작업과 근거리 사무작업에서는 조절 수축속도에서 VDT작업부과때와 같은 반응은 보이지 않았으며, 근거리 사무작업에서 이완속도가 작업부과에 따라 감소하였으나 휴식 후 회복되지 않았다. 3. 동공대광반사에서 최초동공직경, 최초동공면적은 VDT작업에서만 작업시간의 증가에 따라 유의한 감소를 보였는데 휴식 후 회복되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 조절 수축속도의 변화, 조절 이완속도, 동공직경과 면적의 변화가 VDT작업의 특성을 연구하는데 사용될 가능성을 보여주며, 이를 위해서 연구대상이 개인차, 생체리듬, 감정적 자극 등을 보정한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. We studied on change of lens accommodation and pupil light reflex caused by VDT work in six women and compared them with those of other office works. The results were as follows. 1. In VDT work the accommodation contraction velocity decreased during the first 2-hr VDT task, then recovered markedly by the end of the one-hour lunch break, and decreased again by the end of the 2nd 2-hr VDT task. Changes of relaxation velocity showed similar pattern although it was less typical than that of contraction velocity 2. There was no marked change in accommodation contraction velocity and amplitude of accommodation in general office work and near-distance office work, and in the near-distance office work accommodation relaxation velocity decreased according to work load without recovery after lunch break. 3. Initial pupil diameter, initial pupil area of light reflex decreased significantly during VDT task only in VDT work and didn't recover after lunch break. These results suggest possibility that changes of accommodation contraction velocity, accommodation relaxation velocity, near point distance, and pupil diameter and area are useful in evaluating characteristics of VDT work. For this, more research adjusted individual differences, circadian rhythm, emotional stress needs.

Effects of Rice Straw Incorporation by Cutting Methods on Soil Properties and Rice Yield in a Paddy Field

Chang-Hyu Yang(양창휴),Taek-Kyum Kim(김택겸),Jin-Hee Ryu(유진희),Sang-Bog Lee(이상복),Sun Kim(김선),Nam-Hyun Baek(백남현),Weon-Young Choi(최원영),Doug-Young Chung(정덕영),Si-Ju Kim(김시주) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구는 논토양 비옥도에 대한 예취높이별 볏짚 혼입효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 예취높이별 잔존량은 1,420 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (10 cm), 1,850 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (15 cm), 2,400 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (20 cm)를 나타냈다. 볏짚 혼입으로 토양경도, 용적밀도는 낮아졌고 공극 률이 증가하여 토양물리성이 개선되었다. 볏짚 수거로 토양유기물, 유효인산 및 유효규산 함량이 적어지고 양이온치환용량 이 낮아졌다. 토양에 볏짚 혼입시 비옥도 감소 폭이 적었고 예취높이별 잔존량이 많을수록 혼입효과가 크게 나타났다. 볏짚 혼입에 따라 수수, 영화수 확보가 많고 등숙비율이 높아졌으며 쌀수량은 관행 (3.67 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>)대비 28~32% 증수되었다. 연구결과 예취방법에 의하여 볏짚을 혼입한 재배기술이 수거에 비하여 쌀수량을 증가시켰고 논토양을 개선하였다. This study was to investigate the effects of rice straw incorporation by cutting height on paddy soil fertility. The average residual amount of rice straw by cutting height were showed 1,420 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, 1,850 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 2,400 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> for depths of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. For soil physical properties, soil hardness and bulk density were decreased while porosity was increased by rice straw incorporation. But soil organic matter (SOM), available silicate content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly decreased when rice straw was removed from the field. These results indicated that the SOM as residual amount of rice straw was influenced by level of cutting height. Milled rice yield was increased by 28% and 32% for cutting heights of 15 cm and 20 cm, compared with that of control, respectively. The number of spikelets per square meter and the percentage of ripeness were increased with increasing incorporation by lower level of cutting height of rice straw. Therefore, incorporation of rice straw practices under cutting method influenced soil improvement and rice yield in paddy field.