한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

고온 초전도체 Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O에서 Y의 Sm 치환 효과

김채옥,김필수,김의훈,김재욱 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學論文集 Vol.11 No.-

고온 초전도체 Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O??에서 Y를 Sm으로 치환시켰을 때의 수송 임계 전류밀도와 저항의 측정은 각각 77K와 80-160K범위의 온도에서 조사되었다. 그리고 X-선 회절 분석 및 적외선 투과율 측정은 실온에서 수행되었으며, 시료들은 고상 반응법에 의해서 제조되었다. 한편 치환양이 증가함에 따라서 정상상태에서의 저항값은 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 93K 근처에서 초전도 전이온도 Tc를 갖고 있으며, 치환양에 따라 거의 변화지 않았다. 적외선 투과율 측정결과 날카로운 peak들은 472.78~618.53㎝-1범위에 있었다. 이것은 특이할 정도로의 low-lying plasmalike edge와 낮은 에너지의 전자적인 여기가 존재함을 나타내는 것이다. 수송임계 전류밀도는 43.3~123.9A/㎠ 범위에 있었다. 전이온도 Tc에 상자성 불순물의 영향이 거의 없는 것으로 보아 123phase에서 Y가 고온 초전도성에 주된 역할을 하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. The measurements of the transport critical current density and resistivity of high Tc superconductor Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O?? were made at 77K and in the range of 80~160K. X-ray pellet diffraction and IR transmittance measurements were carried out at room tempemature. The samples in which Y is replaced by Sm were prepared by solid state reaction. As substitution content increased, the normal state resistivity was increased and the superconducting transition temperature Tc near 93K did not change significantly with the substitution content. From the infrared transmittance measurements many sharp peaks were observed in the range of 472.78~618.53㎝?. It indicates that unusual low-lying plasmalike edge and low energy electronic excitation exist. The values of transport critical current densities were in the range of 43.3~123.9A/㎠. From the observation of no significant change in Tc with mangetic rare earth impurities, it could be concluded that Y plays no crucial role in the high Tc superconduction mechanisms at the 123 phase.

간 세포암에서 VEGF, TGF-β1, b-FGF 발현의 의의

김성용,남충현,주종우,채만규,백무준,이문수,김형철,안현철,김홍수,김창진,김창호 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and the metastasis of solid tumors. The growth of a solid tumor is widely recognized to depend on the process of neovascularrozation. Without angiogenesis, tumors cease to grow beyond even a few milimeters in diameter. It has been shown that tumor vascular density is an independent prognostic marker in several types of human tumors and is known to correlate with poor prognosis. To date, many angiogenic factors have been identified, such as transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor family(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and angiogenin. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second most common tumor in Korean males and is known as a typical hypervascular tumor with frequent portal vein invastion. The authors identified the expreesion of VEGF, TGF-β1, and b-FGF in HCC specimens and evaluated the relationship between these growth factors and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed as hepatocellular carinoma treated with hepatic resection between January 1994 and December 1998 in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The selection of the cases was decided according to the condition of paraffin block fixation. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, concentration of serum α-fetoprotein, presence of liver cirrhosis, presence of tumor emboli in portal vein, TMN stage, amount of transfusion during the operation, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and Edmonson-Steiner(E-S) grade were investigated. Relationship between the prognostic factors and the immunopathologic expression of the TGF-β1, b-FGF, and VEGF was examined. Result: Thirty patients (24 males, 6 females) were included in the current study. The patient's mean age was 50.6 years and the age ranged from 36 to 65 years. The mean size of the tumor was found to be 5.2cm. All the patients were follewed up for 7 to 63 months. Child's classification A patients were 23(76.7%)cases, B patients were 7(23.3%)cases, and C was none. Immunohistochemical staining of HCC tumor mass in VEGF expression patients were 17(56.7%), b-FGF expression patients were 10(33.3%), and TGF-β1 expression patients were 10(33.3%). VEGF expression or more than one positive expression among the three factors correlated with tumor size and the stage of HCC but did not correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics. TGF-β1 and b-FGF did not correlate with any clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the expression of VEGF or more than one positive expression among the three factors in HCC cells may be a significant prognostic factor of HCC.

HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제에 의한 ICAM-1 유전자의 발현조절

김현진,정효균,홍우정,김군순,조영석,김도희,채수흥,구본정,송민호,노흥규,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.1

Background : ICAM-1 act as one of major adhesion molecules in the atherosclerotic lesion. ICAM-1 expression is mainly regulated at the level of transcription and depend on IFN-γ signal transduction pathway in which the STAT1 transcrption factor is a critical intermediate. IFN-γreceptor not only initiates tyrosine 701 phosphorylation of STAT1 by Jak1 and Jak2, but also phosphorylates serine 727 through the activation of Raf-1/MAP kinases. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have anti-atherosclertic effects, beyond normalization of hypercholesterolemia, by directly acting on endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors suppress the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates such as geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate or farnesylpyrophosphate. These effects results inhibitors suppress the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates such as geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate or farnesylpyrophosphate. These effects results inhibition posttranslational farnesylation and geranyl-geranylation processing of small GTP-binding preoteins and inhibition of normal signaling activities. Method : We made several 5'-deletion constructs of rat ICAM-1 promoter and analyzed the promoter activities by measuring the luciferase activity after transfection into ECV304 cells and smooth muscle cells. We checked the level of total and phosphorylated STAT1 protein by immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies. Results : Lovastatin inhibits IFN-γ-induced ICAM-1 gene expression in the ECV304cell. The cells pretreated with PD98059, MEKK inhibitor showed significantly low ICAM-1 RNA induction with IFN-γ stimulatio. IFN-γ induced phosphorylation of tyrosine 701 was not significantly changed by the pretreatment of lovastatin. But lovastatin suppresses IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 which are responsible for the seine 727 phosphorylation in STAT1. Conclusion : We showed that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lovastatin, suppresses IFN-γ mediated ICAM-1 gene expression through the inhibition of transcription. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor suppresses IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of serine 727 in STAT1 through the modulation of MAP kinases.

갑상선 세포에서 전사보조활성인자인 CBP와 CIITA의 인터페론-감마 활성 부위에 대한 조절 : CBP and CIITA on GAS(Interferon- γ Activated Site)-Mediated Transcription in Thyroid Cells

채수흥,홍우정,김군순,조영석,김도희,김현진,구본정,송민호,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.1

Background : In the previous stuides, we identified that the interferon-r activated sequence (GAS) in the 5-flanking region of rat ICAM-1 gene is major element for interferon-r-inducible expression of the gene in rat thyroid cells, FRTL-5. We here, investigated the role of transcriptional coactivators, CBP(CREB binding protein) and CⅡTA (class Ⅱ transactivator) in the modulation of the activity of GAS which could interacts with signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 and 3 (STAT1 and STAT3). Methods : The expression of CBP RNA and protein were quantitated in FRTL-5 after stimulation with interferon-r (IFN-r), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), forskolin and methimazole. Direct association of CBP with STAT were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. The transcriptional roles of CBP and CⅡTA in the regulation of GAS were assessed by the cotransfection with their expression vectors with reporters; 5-deletion constructs of rat ICAM-1 promoter or 8xGAS-luc constructs, into FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Results : The level of CBP RNA and protein were not changed by the treatment with TSH, IFN-r, forskolin and methimazole in FRTL-5, FRT and BRL liver cells. The CBP could be directly associated with STAT1. Furthermore, the overexpression of CBP significantly increases the both promoter activities; rat ICAM-1 gene promoter which has GAS element and 8xGAS-luc cassette constructs. However, the cotransfection of CⅡTA decreased the constitutive and CBP-mediated transactivation of rat ICAM-1 promoter and 8xGAS-luc cassette constructs. Conclusion : We identified that the two tanscriptional coactivators; CBP and CⅡTA has differential roles in the regulation of transcriptional activity of GAS drived promoter. CBP increases the GAS activity through the direct binding with STAT1, but CⅡTA inhibited the CBP-mediated transactivation of GAS activity.

우리나라 지역 직업성질환 감시체계의 현황과 전망

임종한,장성실,김성아,문재동,채창호,홍윤철,김수영,김진석,김영욱,한상환,이혜숙,원종욱,송동빈,하은희,강성규 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

기존의 특수건강진단과 작업환경측정을 통한 직업병 관리가 진폐증, 소음성난청 등의 소수 특정질환에 국한되고 실제 직업병 발생 규모 파악이나 신종 직업병의 발견에 한계를 보인다는 사실은 산업의학전문가들 사이에서도 공감을 이루고 있다. 미국과 영국 등에서의 직업성질환 감시체계에 대한 경험은 우리 나라의 직업성질환 감시체계 구축에도 새로운 자극제가 되면서, 1998년이후 인천, 대전, 여천, 구미, 부울경 지역에서 지역 직업성질환감시체계를 산업보건관리의 중요한 시스템으로 구축하려는 노력이 확산되고 있다. 새로이 구축되어지는 이들 지역 직업성질환 감시체계는 감시하고자 하는 대상질환, 활용 가능한 인적자원 및 자료원, 지역 의료체계의 특수성 등에 따라서 목적과 방법을 달리하면서 독특한 형태로 발전을 하고 있다. 각 지역단위 감시체계들이 그 상황에 맞게 독특한 목적과 전략들을 발전 시키면서도, 향후 발전할 국가적인 차원의 직업성질환 감시체계 구축을 위하여 직업성질환 감시의 기본 전략 등을 공유하는 등의 노력이 필요하다. 환례 정의 및 기본적인 등록 서식의 공유, 직업성질환 감시 자료원의 발굴, 공동의 정보 네트워크 및 직업성질환 감시 데이터베이스 구축 등 직업성질환 감시활동을 지원하기 위한 여러 기초 인프라 구축에 힘을 모아야 할 것이다. 우리 나라에서 직업성질환 감시체계를 성공적으로 구축하기 위해서는 수집된 자료의 질 관리를 위한 직업성질환 감시의 원칙 제정과 감시 전략의 공유 등이 필요하며, 전국적인 직업성질환 감시체계의 하부구조라고 할 수 있는 지역감시체계의 기초 토대 마련과 강화작업이 절실하게 필요하다.

점박이응애에 대한 몇가지 살비제의 방제 효과

김상수,백채훈,유상선 順天大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

점박이응애에 대한 몇가지 살비제의 약효를 검정한 결과, 실내시험에서 S-1283의 50, 100ppm과 hexythiazox는 난, 유충과 전약충 등의 발육태에는 매우 우수한 효과가 있었으나 성충태에 대해서는 상당히 낮은 약효를 나타내었다. S-1283+fenpropathrin, chlorfenapyr+flufenoxuron, azocyclotin과 tebufenpyrad는 점박이응애의 모든 태에 대하여 우수한 약효가 있었다. S-1283과 hexythiazox 처리에서 생존한 자성충들의 부화율은 큰 폭으로 감소되었으나, 산란수에 있어서는 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 포는 S-1283과 S-1283+fenpropathrin의 약효가 가장 우수했으며, tebufenpyrad, chlorfenapyr+flufenoxuron, azocyclotin, 과 hexythiazox의 효과도 기대되었다. Acaricidal activity of some acaricides on twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, was evaluated in laboratory and field studies. In a laboratory study, S-1283 and hexythiazox were highly effective against immature stages, but ineffective to adults. S-1283+fenpropathrin, chlorfenapyr+flufenoxuron, azocyclotin, and tebufenpyrad were effective against all stages of T. urticae. In adult females treated with S-1283 and hexythiazox, we observed substantial reduction in egg hatchability but there was no significant difference on number of eggs laid. As a result of field study, S-1283 and S-1283+fenpropathrin were the most effective on mixed developmental stages of T. urticae, followed by tebufenpyrad, chlorfenapyr+flufenoxuron, azocyclotin, hexythiazox.

골다공성 척추 압박골절 환자에 대한 경피적 척추체성형술 : 최근 2년간 경험 Recent 2-year Experience

김상대,박정율,김세훈,서중근,이태수,채수원 대한척추신경외과학회 2004 Neurospine Vol.1 No.1

Objective: To describe the therapeutic outcome of percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF) in recent years with review of literature. Methods: The authors have retrospectively reviewed a consecutive group of patients who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty in our institution between May 2000 and October 2002. The procedures were performed with Jamshidi needle via transpedicular approach followed by injection of polymethyl- methacrylate(PMMA) into the involved vertebral bodies. Prolo's economic and functional rating scale was used for therapeutic outcome assessments. Results: There were 91 patients(69 female, 22 male) with OVCF, with involvement of 147 vertebral bodies. The mean age was 72 years. The average BMD t-score was -3.78, indicative of severe osteoporosis. Minimal follow-up period was three months. And among these patients, 82.5% of patients were maintained over good condition. Extrusion of PMMA cement beyond the confines of the vertebral body was obseved in 13 cases(8.8%). Although most of them improved with conservative treatments without morbidities, two developed serious complications, one being pulmonary embolism and the other paraparesis. Conclusion: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is one of the effective minimal invasive treatment modalities in OVCF. However, proper biomechanical studies supporting these procedures are not fully evidenced. Serious complications, although rare, should be prevented with the aid of improved techniques and newer biocompatible materials along with better understanding of biodynamic and biomechanical impact on normal and already compromised vertebraes.

Nuclepore Membrane Filter 法을 利用한 癩菌檢出에 關한 硏究

蔡洙萬,金明烈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1983 충남의대잡지 Vol.10 No.2

For the improvement of the detection method of leprosy bacilli from leprosy patients, the author attempted to detect leprosy bacilli using a nuclepore membrane filter. The specimen were obtained by skin scraping from all the tested patients with leprosy and treated with 0.025% trypsin and 0.002% Tween 80. The nuclepore membrane filters used in this study were three kinds : 0.4 and 0.2㎛ in pore size of 25㎜ in diameter, 0.2㎛ in pore size of 13㎜ in diameter. The results of the bacterial detection rate by the common skin scraping smear method and nuclepore membrane filter method were compared. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The bacterial detection rates by the nuclepore filter method(25㎜, 13㎜ in diameter) were significantly higher than the bacterial detection rates by skin smear method. 2. There was no significant difference between bacterial detection by 0.4㎛ in pore size, 25㎜ in diameter nuclepore filter and 0.2㎛ in pore size, 25㎜ in diameter nuclepore filter. 3. There was no significant difference between bacterial detection rates by 0.2㎛ in pore size, 25㎜ in diameter, nuclepore filter and 0.2㎛ in pore size, 13㎜ in diameter nuclepore filter. 4. Although the bacterial indices by skin smear were "―", bacterial detection negative. the number of bacteria by nuclepore filter were about 3.2×10 exp (2)/ml. From the above results, it was suggested that on the microbiologic examination from leprosy patients, bacterial detection by skin smear method in the first place should be carried out : and than if the results gave negative, bacterial detection by nuclepore membrane filter method after treatment with trypsin and Tween 80 should be done.

반경방향 전자석형 자기베어링의 강성에 관한 연구

김재실,김수태,송의호,이원창 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

This article describes two and three dimensional electromagnetic finite element models for an active heteropolar radial magnetic bearing, the procedure for obtaining the bearing stiffnesses by simulating the models and the reviews of the models by comparing an experimental test to the ideal closed loop analysis with the stiffnesses calculated. The three dimensional model for the magnetic bearing may be very effectively applied to several types of magnetic bearings.