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Jung-Hyuk Cho,오혜근,Jin-Back Park,Jong-Sun Kim,Jung-Min Sohn,Sung-Hyuck Kim,Sung-Jin Kim 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.1
In a proximity-type aligner, the resolution is inversely proportional to the exposure gap, which is the distance between the photo mask and the photoresist-coated glass. The exposure gap is usually 100 200 μm, so protecting the photo mask from particles or chips, which can exist easily between them, is not easy work. Though a high-exposure gap is effective for reducing mask pollution, we cannot follow the high gap idea due to diffraction. In order to evaluate the effect of diffraction exactly, we applied an attenuated phase shift mask by using commercial software (Solid - C). We analyzed the roundness of the rectangular isolated pattern as functions of the exposure gap and of the transmission in the mask’s opaque area. We found that the roundness of the isolated pattern was improved by 20 %; consequently, we expect that it will be possible to improve pattern profiles in high-exposure gaps by using attenuated phase shift mask.
Improvement of Column Spacer Uniformity in a TFT LCD Panel
Jung-Hyuk Cho,오혜근,Jong-Sun Kim,Jung-Min Sohn,Sung-Hyuck Kim,Young-Hoon Kim 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.II
The photoresist of a column spacer is very sensitive to UV light, and its uniformity depends on the exposure process. In a proximity-type aligner, the exposure gap can control the light diffraction and intensity, which affect the column spacer thickness and the critical dimension. The limitation of non-flat mask and work stage causes a non-uniform exposure gap. Applying an attenuated phase shift mask can compensate for this handicap. By using commercial software, we analyzed the difference between a conventional mask and a phase-shift mask as a function of the exposure gap and examined changes in the column spacer’s thickness loss and the critical dimension. In order to reduce the diffraction effect and to get a uniform intensity, we varied the transmission in an opaque mask area and found that the thickness uniformity could be improved by about 30 %. Consequently, we expect the attenuated phase shift mask to have a larger possibility of improving the column spacer’s thickness uniformity without any mechanical alteration.
Cho, Jung-Hyuck,Ahn, Soo-Hyun,Jeon, Hee-chol,Kim, So-Young,Oh, Chang-Hyun Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.5
The synthesis of a new series of 1 $\beta$-methylcarbapenems having 5-(1,2-disubstituted ethyl)pyrrolidine moiety are described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents on the pyrrolidine ring was investigated. Among them, compound (IIIc) having 1-methoxyimino-2-hydroxyethyl moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.
Kim, Jung-ju,Lee, Jung-Ah,Choi, Hwi-yeon,Han, Jang-hyuck,Huh, Won,Pi, Jae-Ho,Lee, Jung-Keun,Park, Sangshin,Cho, Ki-hyun,Lee, Joong-bok Elsevier Ltd. 2017 Vaccine Vol.35 No.37
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes major economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective method to control the disease. In a previous study, a chimeric PRRSV named as K418 which had a genome composed of ORF 1 from the FL12 strain and ORF 2-7 from the Korean representative LMY strain was created. We constructed K418DM, K418 with deglycosylated glycoprotein 5 (GP5), to improve its humoral immunity. In the follow-up on <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> virological and serological tests, no back mutation in amino acids of GP5 associated with deglycosylation was shown after 9 passages on MARC-145 cells, whereas only one case of back mutation was detected after single passage in pig. In serological study, K418DM induced higher serum neutralization (SN) antibody and more limited viremia compared with those of K418 virus. In clinical trial and economic analysis, the K418DM elicited SN antibody titers and PRRSV-specific IgG over protection limit. From the economic viewpoint, there was statistically significant reduction in percentage of weak pigs. These results indicated that vaccination with the K418DM may provide enhanced protection for pigs in PRRS endemic situation and increase growth performance in commercial pig farms.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> K418DM is a chimeric PRRS virus with enhanced humoral immunogenicity. </LI> <LI> The possibility of back mutation of GP5 glycosylation sites is low. </LI> <LI> K418DM reduces percentage of weak pigs at commercial farm level. </LI> </UL> </P>
Clinicopathologic risk factors for the local recurrence of phyllodes tumors of the breast.
Jang, Jae Hyuck,Choi, Min-Young,Lee, Se Kyung,Kim, Sangmin,Kim, Jiyoung,Lee, Jeonghui,Jung, Seung Pil,Choe, Jun-Ho,Kim, Jung-Han,Kim, Jee Soo,Cho, Eun Yoon,Lee, Jeong Eon,Nam, Seok Jin,Yang, Jung-Hyun Raven Press 2012 Annals of surgical oncology Vol.19 No.8
<P>Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare breast tumors that usually occur in middle-aged women. Here we discuss our recent experiences in the diagnosis, surgical management, and clinical follow-up of this disease.</P>
Jung-Kyu Lee,Hu Young Jeong,In-Tak Cho,Jeong Yong Lee,Sung-Yool Choi,Hyuck-In Kwon,Jong-Ho Lee IEEE 2010 IEEE electron device letters Vol.31 No.6
<P>We investigated the low-frequency noise (LFN) properties of the bipolar switching resistance random access memories (RRAMs) for the first time with amorphous TiO<SUB>x</SUB> -based RRAM devices. The LFNs are proportional to 1/f for both high-resistance (HRS) and low-resistance states (LRS). The normalized noise in HRS is around an order of magnitude higher than that in LRS. The random telegraph noise (RTN) is observed only in HRS, which represents that the dominant trap causing the RTN becomes electrically inactive by being filled with electrons in LRS. The voltage dependence S<SUB>i</SUB>/I<SUP>2</SUP> of shows that the noise can be used to elucidate the operation mechanism of RRAM devices.</P>
간염성 심내막염을 합병한 대동맥-대퇴동맥 간 우회로 인조혈관 감염 1예
정동식,문승환,최세웅,이창재,김경태,백정환,정영진,조광조,강도영,이혁 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.5
본 증례는 복부 대동맥류와 양 장골동맥 폐색증으로 대동맥-양대퇴동맥 간 우회로 인조혈관 이식술을 시행했던 환자에서 술 후 이식편 감염과 심내막염이 발병한 예이다. 환자는 이식편 감염의 진단이 모호할 때 Tc-99m HMPAO 백혈구 스캔을 통해 감염을 확인하고, 재수술을 시행하여 특별한 합병증 없이 회복하여 퇴원하였다. 이식편 감염의 진단에 있어서 대개는 일반적인 창상감염에서 볼 수 있는 발열, 백혈구 증다증, 수술부위의 농양, 화농성 분비물 등을 통해 진단한다. 또한 영상학적 검사로 컴퓨터 단층촬영, 자기공명영상 등의 검사를 통해 이식편 감염을 진단하기도 한다. 하지만 술 후 초기 내지저독성의 감염인 경우 그리고 진단이 모호한 경우에는 백혈구 스캔을 통해 신속히 이식편 감염을 더 잘 진단할 수도 있어 국내에서 이식편 감염 진단방법으로써 백혈구스캔의 더 많은 활용과 연구가 요구된다. Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a relatively uncommon complication of peripheral vascular surgery and although rare, is the most severe complication in reconstructive vascular surgery. The early diagnosis of this complication can reduce the mortality. We report a case of aorto-femoral bypass graft infection, which was diagnosed by Tc-99m HMPAO WBC scan, complicated with infective endocarditis. A 60-year-old man had been operated with aortofemoral bypass graft because of aortojejunal fistula due to abdominal aortic aneurysm. Nine months later, he was admitted with fever of two months' duration. On echocardiolography, aortic regurgitation and vegetation were observed, and then he was diagosed with infective endocarditis. He was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks. Recurrent bacteremia of unknown origin persisted despite antibiotic therapy. Multiple microorganisms were separately isolated from the blood cultures. He complained of intermittent right groin pain. Imaging study (CT, MRI, US) showed no definite evidence of graft infection. However, Tc-99m HMPAO WBC scan demonstrated uptake in the aortofemoral bypass graft site. The patient underwent emergent aortofemoral graft removal with axillobifemoral bypass and right femoropopliteal bypass.
자궁내막이 얇은 환자에서 자궁강내 인공수정 시술 시 에스트로겐 보완 요법의 효용성
조병구,김대운,신정환,홍서유,박원일,박준영,신소영,최준,권혁찬 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.5
목적 : 자궁내막이 비정상적으로 얇은 환자에서 고용량 에스트로겐 투여에 따른 내막의 회복능 평가에 의한 임신 예후의 예측 가능성과 에스트로겐 병용 요법에 의한 자궁강내 인공수정술 시행 시 배란유도제에 따른 각각의 내막의 반응과 임신 결과를 알아보았다. 방법 : 1998년 11월 1일부터 2001년 2월 28일까지 아주대학과 을지병원 불임클리닉에서 자궁강내 인공수정 시술을 받은 374명, 914주기를 대상으로 하여 전 주기에서 내막의 두께에 따라 네 군으로 나누었다. control Ⅰ (n=734)은 관찰주기에서 배란 직전 내막의 두께가 7 ㎜ 이상인 군, control Ⅱ (n=67)는 7 ㎜ 미만인 군이며, control Ⅱ를 대상으로 estrogen valerate를 투여하고 배란 일에 내막의 두께가 7 ㎜ 이상으로 회복을 보인군을 group I, 7 ㎜ 미만으로 회복이 저조한 군을 group Ⅱ로 나누어, 각각 conjugate estrogen 병용 요법과 함께 자궁강내 인공수정술 시행 후 배란유도제에 따라 자연주기 (n=234), 클로미펜 (n=250), 클로미펜/hMG (n=214), hMG (n=216)로 분류하여 hCG 투여일에 내막의 두께와 임신 결과를 전향적으로 비교, 분석하였다. 결과 : group Ⅰ의 임신율은 15.4%로 control Ⅰ (21.1%)과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 group Ⅱ (6.3%)는 에스트로겐 병용 요법 후에도 control Ⅱ (3.0%)와 마찬가지로 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 배란유도제로 클로미펜보다 hMG만을 사용할 때, control Ⅰ에서 각각 8.4±0.6 ㎜, 10.0±0.7 ㎜, group Ⅰ에서 6.9±0.8, 7.9±0.7 ㎜로 내막의 두께가 두껍게 나타났고, 임신율 역시 control Ⅰ에서 각각 14.6, 29.8%, group Ⅰ에서 9.1, 31.3%로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 자궁내막이 비정상적으로 얇은 환자에서 고용량 에스트로겐 투여에 따른 내막의 기능 평가는 임신 예후를 예측하는데 유용하였고, 에스트로겐 병용요법과 함께 배란유도제로 클로미펜보다 hMG를 사용하는 것이 효과적이라고 사료된다.