뇌졸중 환자에 대한 연례보고(2004년)

박정섭,정승민,이시형,정기용,여현수,하유군,최유경,전찬용,김동우,박종형,Park, Jung-sup,Jung, Seung-min,Lee, Si-hyung,Jung, Ki-yong,Yeo, Hyun-soo,Hsia, Yu-chun,Choi, You-kyung,Jun, Chan-yong,Kim, Dong-woo,Park, Chong-hyeong 대한중풍순환신경학회 2006 대한중풍.순환신경학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Objectives : This study was prepared for investigating the clinical features of stroke patients. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 102 patients who were admitted to Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Won University with a diagnosis of stroke from Jan. 1, 2004 to Dec. 31, 2004. Results : Ischemic stroke(include TIA, 82.4%) was more common than hemorrhagic stroke(17.6%). The incidence in male was 41.2%, in female was 17.6% and the most prevalent age group is over-sixties. Cerebral infarction was most frequently noticed in lacunar-infarction and hemorrhage in putamen. Hypertention, the most preceding diseases, followed by diabetes mellitus and CVA. The rate of recurrence was 27.45%. Cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage was much occurred after rising. The most patients visited the hospital within 24 Hours. The most common symptoms in admission time were motor weakness and speech disorder. The complication was mostly mental disorder. Conclusion : Our study on CVA patients was similar to previous studies from 1994 to 2003. In most cases, western and oriental treatment and medicine were given synthetically.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

메쉬 여과모듈을 이용한 잉여슬러지 농축

정용준,木曾祥秋,민경석 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Because of being produced a great deal of excess sludges from biological wastewater treatment process, the subject regarding treatment and disposal of them has been significantly handled in real plants. It should be considered the alternative treatment with easy operating and cost effective process in rural areas. For the thickening of wasted activated sludge from small scale wastewater treatment facilities, thus, the provisional sludge thickening system was developed by the application of mesh filter module. Three meshes with different pore size(100, 150, 200μm) were prepared for filter modules that were used to withdraw effluent from thickening system. A filter module with 100μm mesh was chosen as the most effective thickening material in the viewpoint of volume reduction and effluent quality: the volume reductions of initially injected sludge with 3,600 ㎎/L and 9,100 ㎎/L were 95% and 85%, respectively, and the filtered effluents were enough good to be shown below 1.0 ㎎/L of SS and 1.0 NTU of turbidity. Since the filtration of thickening was influenced by the cake layer formed on mesh filter module and this system was operated in the combination of sludge thickening with gravity settling, the filter modules with smaller pore size and the larger floc size were required for long term operation safely.

급성 포름알데히드 가스 흡입에 의한 흰쥐 후각상피의 형태학적 변화

백선용,전재기,문용석,황승영,노환중,고의경,왕수건 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

낙동강 소유역 경지에서의 비점오염원 물질 발생 및 배출 특성

정용준,남광현,민경석 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the generation and discharge characteristics of non-point pollutants from farmlands in Nak-dong river basin. Annual unit generation load of nitrogen and phosphorus by fertilization in the test paddy field was almost similar to those calculated by the fertilization standards of district agricultural technology center, but it was extremely higher in case of the test dry field. By comparing annual total generation load of nutrients from fertilization to the data of fertilizer marketing, the accurate forecasting of generation load of pollutants was achieved by marketing data. The annual total discharge ratio of nutrients through infiltration and overflow from the farmland of the test paddy field were 9.5% and 1.1%, respectively, and those in the test dry field were 22.0% and 0.1%, respectively. The monthly discharge load of nutrients were shown the highest proportioned to the discharge load from lands, but it showed higher in phosphorus, which was caused by the intermittent discharge of phosphorus accumulated in drainage.

BAF 공정을 이용한 제직폐수의 재이용

정용준,배종홍,권구호,민경석 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.6

An upflow BAF(Biological Aerated Filter) equipped with an expanded clay media was applied to reuse weaving wastewater of water jet loom. The performance of lab-scale biofilter was investigated by the adjustment of EBCTs(Empty Bed Contact Time) and the packing ratio of media, which were changed 1.1 to 3.7hr and 38 to 63%, respectively. In most conditions except 1.1hr of EBCT, BOD, CODcr, SS and Turbidity of the effluent were 1∼4㎎/L, 7∼16㎎/L, 1∼5㎎/L and 5∼14NTU, where their removal efficiencies were 76∼95%, 82∼93%, 63∼94% and 59∼81%, respectively. From the observation of SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) photographs of porous clay media, it was revealed that this media provided good performance of retaining microbes effectively. In addition, 0.44∼0.49㎏VSS/㎏BOD_(rem). of low sludge reduction was expected. The most efficient back washing cycle and procedure were once per 4 to 9 days and air including collapse-pulsing method, respectively. Therefore, this system can be of use as an weaving wastewater treatment for reuse

중공사 정밀여과 MBR공정을 이용한 제직폐수의 재이용

정용준,배종홍,민경석 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Submerged membrane bio-reactor equipped with a hollow fiber microfiltration was applied to reuse weaving wastewater of water jet loom, where two parameters such as the concentration of MLSS and the flux were controlled. While the flux at the concentration of MLSS around 900㎎/L was constantly kept over 0.4m/d and 0.8m/d in a short time, the stable flux at around 300㎎/L of MLSS was shown at the 8 days later. Regardless of MLSS and flux, BOO, CODcr and Turbidity of the permeate were l~2㎎/L, 7~10㎎/L and below 1 NTU, which were 85~90%, 87~90% and 98% of removal efficiency, respectively. The stable operation without fouling was achieved because the contents of ECP were smaller than those of common MBR processes and the composition(saccharide/protein) was kept constantly. In this study, 0.5~1.0m/d of flux and 400~900㎎/L of MLSS were considered as the most recommendable operating condition for the reuse of weaving wastewater.

중공사 나노여과막을 이용한 방향족 농약의 배제 특성

정용준,木曾祥秋,박순길,김종용,민경석 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The rejection properties of 6 aromatic pesticides were evaluated by a continuous flow system equipped with a hollow fiber NF membrane. Different from the separation experiment of batch cell, the rejection and the removal could be calculated exactly because the concentration of feed, permeate and retentate was separately obtained. The lowest and the highest rejection were found in carbaryl(54.8%) and methoxychlor(99.2%), respectively, and the removals were always shown higher than rejections. This may be caused by some reasons such as the solute adsorption on the membrane, the variation of feed concentration. Although molecular weight, molecular width regarded as solute characteristics and log P(n-octanol/water partition coefficient) as hydrophobicity could be applied to explain the rejection property, these factors should be considered together for better analysis. According to the higher relationship between log B(solute permeability) and molecular weight, it was revealed that the solute separation with this membrane was influenced more by molecular weight.

프리캐스트용 고성능 콘크리트의 내구특성 검토

정영화,윤경구,용석응,김형균 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 1999 석재연 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

포장용 콘크리트는 열악한 환경조건에 의해 손상을 받지 않을 정도의 충분한 내구성을 가지고 있어야 한다. 포장 콘크리트는 실질적으로 겨울철에 제설제로 인한 동해를 받는 열악한 환경에 놓이기 때문에 동결-융해에 대한 손실을 쉽게 받을 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 폴리프로필렌 섬유를 혼입한 포장 콘크리트의 내구특성을 검토하여 현장적용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 섬유종류, 섬유혼입율, 콘크리트 배합종류를 주요 실험변수로 하여 실내시험을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 폴리프로필렌 섬유보강 콘크리트의 압축강도시험을 통하여 강도특성을 분석하고 박 저항성 시험을 통하여 내구특성을 분석하였다. 박리저항성 시험은 국내에서 제설제로 사용하고 있는 4%의 염화칼슘을 콘크리트시편 표면에 유지시켜 동결-융해 사이클을 진행시켜 매5사이클마다 겉보기 등급과 무게변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 압축강도는 섬유 혼입율이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 망사형 섬유보다는 단사형 섬유가 강도증진에 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 박리저항성은 섬유의 혼입율이 증가할수록 모든 배합에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 무게 변화는 모든 배합에서 단사형 섬유와 망사형 섬유 모두 혼입율이 증가할수록 무게 손실량이 섬유를 혼입하지 않은 시험편에 비해 1.85∼27.5%로 감소하는 것으로 나타나 박리저항성 증진에 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 폴리프로필렌 섬유보강 콘크리트의 강도특성의 내구특성을 분석한 결과 고속도로 배합인 경우 단사형 섬유와 망사형 섬유 모두 혼입율 0.10%에서 강도와 내구성 증진효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 강도특성과 내구특성을 분석한 결과, 내구특성이 보통 콘크리트보다 내구특성이 우수하여 현장적용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. Pavement concrete subjected to severe environmental condition may be vulnerable to frost attack practically where de-icing chemicals are used. This study focused on the investigation of durability characteristics of pavement concrete incorporating polypropylene fibers and application feasibility of these into the pavements of local roads and highway. A series of labortory tests were performed with main experimental variable such as fiber types, fiber contents and type of concrete mix. The test of compressive strength was executed as primary tests, before the durability tests such as a scaling resistance were performed. De-icing salt resistance test was progressed by recycling freeze and thaw in the presence of a 4% calcium chloride solution. The deteriorated surfaces were rated by visual inspection and the loss weight were measured at every 5 cycles. The compressive strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete increased as the fiber contents increased. The loss of weight decreased by 1.85∼27.5% compared to those of plain concrete as the fiber contents increased in the all kind of concrete mix. Thus de-icing salt scaling resistance of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete increased as the fiber contents increased in the all concrete mix. From the results of strength and durability of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, it was concluded that they may be applied to the pavement of local roads and highway due to their excellent durability characteristics superior to those of plain concrete.

아세클로페낙 연질캡슬(클란자 에스 연질캡슬)의 개발

용철순,이경희,최진석,박병주,정세현,김용일,박상만,배명수,김귀자,김영식,유창훈,강성룡,유봉규,이종달,최한곤 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.1

To develop and aceclofenac soft capsule, four preparations with various solubilizers were prepared and their dissolution test was carried out. Among four preparations tested, a preparation with ethanolamine was selected a formula of aceclofenac soft capsule (Clanza S^(™), since it showed the fastest dissolution rate. Bioequivalence of aceclofenac tablet, Airtal^(™)(Dae-Woong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and aceclofenac soft capsule, Clanza S^(™)(Korea United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA. Fourteen normal male volunteers (age 20-25 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After oral administration of one tablet or capsule containing 100 ㎎ of aceclofenac, blood ws taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of aceclofenac in plasma wa determined with an HPLC method under UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max) between Airtal tablet and Clanza soft capsule were 2.89%, 0.18% and 43.0%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.250(e.g.log(0.81) - log(1.23) and log(0.89) - log(1.14)) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively. Thus, the criteria of the KDFA guidelines for the equivalence was satisfied, indicating that Clanza S^(™) soft capsule is bioequivalent to Airtal^(™) tablet.