한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

무선 환경에서 안전한 종단간 보안을 제공하는 AWTLS(Alternative Wireless Transport Layer Security) 프로토콜 : AWTLS(Alternative Wireless Transport Layer Security) Protocol

최진규,이헌길 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2002 정보통신논문지 Vol.6 No.-

The WAP is a set of protocols that optimizes standard TCP/IP protocols, for use under the low bandwidth, high latency conditions often found in wireless networks. In WAP, WTLS(Wireless Transport Layer Security) is a subprotocol that it has been suggested for security communications. This protocol is a modified version of the TLS(Transport Layer Security) appropriate for wireless networks. In the data exchange between WTLS and TLS protocol, the message transmitted between the handset and the server is unencrypted for a very brief moment inside the WAP gateway. Even though the interval time the message remains unencrypted is very short, he or she who has an administrator account can attempt to view the unencrypted message. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the safe end-to-end security model, which is called AWTLS(Alternative Wireless Transport Layer Security). The proposed AWTLS can not only prevent the gateway from viewing the uncrypted message, but also reduce the encryption/decryption overhead of the mobile terminal.

평형선형계획법에 의한 격자구조물의 설계

진치섭,최규식,이승훈 부산대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.59 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 구조물의 최적화 설계에 있어서 평형선형계획법이 적합하다는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 수직 하중을 받고 있는 직선 보로 구성된 격자구조물에 평형선형계획법을 적용시켰다. 보 요소가 하나의 설계변수를 가지게 하기 위하여 단면 물성치간의 관계를 나타낸 경험식을 사용하였다. 모든 비선형 함수들은 제 1차 테일러 급수 전개에 의하여 근사 선형화하였다. 선형화 시킨 후 건형 프로그램중의 하나인 심플렉스법을 이용하여 최적해를 얻었다 그 결과 평형선형계획법이 구조물 최적화 문제에 있어서 최적해를 찾는데 만족스러운 방법임을 알 수 있었다. In this study, equilibrium linear programming technique which is suitable for optimization of structures is introduced. An application is presented for grillage made of straight beams loaded normally. Empirical relationships are used to relate beam section properties so that each beam element has only one design variable. All of the nonlinear functions are linearized by the first order Taylor series expansion. Optimization results are obtained by simplex method which is one of the linear programming method. As results, the equilibrium linear programming technique is a satisfactory method for seeking g1oba1 optimum of structural optimization problems

RF IC용정전기 보호회로 구조에 관한 연구

崔鎭榮,趙奎相 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 産業技術 Vol.13 No.-

By performing dc analysis based on device simulation utilizing a two dimensional device simulator incorporating the lattice heat generation model, we compare the breakdown characteristics of the conventional NMOS structure and the pnpn thyristor structure for ESD protection. From the analysis, we confirm that, due to the reduction of holding voltage, the pnpn structure with much smaller device width can provide the similar level of protection provided with the NMOS structure. Adopting this kind of protection devices is expected to be able to reduce the parasitic capacitance added to the input node considerably, and therefore to be suitable for RF IC applications. By comparing the characteristics of various kinds of pnpn devices with structure variations, we figured out the device structure most suitable for ESD protection.

경식도 심초음파도의 Direct Planimetry를 이용하여 측정한 대동맥판 면적의 심박출량 및 좌심실 구출율의 변화에 따른 정확도

진승원,김종진,김희열,박지원,전두수,윤호중,박준철,노태호,채장성,김재형,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동에서 틱 장애 동반 여부에 따른 확산 텐서 영상 비교 연구

최지욱,임명호,이창화,박진균,손정우,심세훈,유인규,강현수,정범석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.5

Objectives : Diffuse tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to explore the difference in regional distribution and extent of white matter (WM) abnormalities in boys with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus boys with comorbid ADHD and tic disorders. Methods : Fifteen boys with ADHD (mean age 9.3 +1.8), 24 ADHD boys with chronic tic disorder or Tourette's disorder(9.9 =b 1.2) and 9 age-, gender-matched controls (9.2 d= 1.8) received DTI assessments. Fractional Anisotropy (FA) maps of WM were compared between groups with a voxel-wise analysis after intersubject registration to MNI space. Results : Bo groups, ADHD group and ADHD with tic disorder group, commonly showed decreased FA than healthy control group in left cerebellar middle peduncle and right frontal lobe, increased FA in right middle occipital WM. In the common areas of left cerebellar middle peduncle and right middle occipital WM, comorbid group showed broader areas of significant FA. The comorbid group also showed increased FA in right cerebellar peduncle, additionally. Conclusion : The findings in ADHD group support previous ADHD hypothesis of the functional abnormalities in corticocerebellar circuit, and suggest that ADHD might have more complicated pathology of neuronal circuit including occipital visual system. The comorbid group showed common areas of overlapping but more extensive abnormalities and also had additional WM abnormalities. ADHD with chronic tic disorders may represent a severe form of ADHD with additional regions of abnormal connectivity.

人蔘의 育種 및 栽培年限 短縮에 關한 基礎硏究 : 第1報 新芽의 體眠打破에 미치는 植物生長調節物質의 影響 Effect of some growth regulators on the dormancy breaking of new buds

崔京求,金鎭淇,黃種奎 全北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of some growth regulators i.e., gibberellic acid (GA), benzyladenine (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the dormancy breaking of new buds in 2 year-old Ginseng plants. Materials were sampled in the middle of October and their dormancy was checked under the favorable conditions for germination of bud for a month. They were treated for 24 hours with the following growth regulators; (1) GA, BA and ABA at the concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm, and (2) the combination of GA and BA, GA and ABA, and BA and ABA at the concentrations of 50 ppm, respectively. It was found that the application of GA was effective in dormancy breaking of new buds and seemed to elongate stem, flower stalk and petiole but degenerated the majority of flower stalk in the early stage and also accelerated the formation of the adventitious root. By the application of GA, poor development of color was observed in leaf and stem in the early stage. The leaf began to regain green color with leaf maturation but the stem did not gain purple color. The applications of BA and ABA combined with GA showed almost the same effect in dormacy breaking as GA application. In these cases color development of stem and leaf was good cmpared with that of GA application. Even with some side-effects such as elongation and poor color development of stem and leaf, GA might be applied for dormancy breaking of new buds substituting for the low temperature in winter.

유량변동에 따른 소양강유역 수질의 통계학적 해석

최한규,백경원,최용묵,최진우 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 産業技術硏究 Vol.21 No.B

This research was conducted with the aim of efficiently managing large scale of rivers such like Songyang-river through predicting water quality change with analyzing the characteristics of the flowing in nutrients and pollutants. The main result will be used as basic data for effectively operating reservoirs through controling water quality and quantity. The relationship between quantity of flow and water quality was analyzed and pollution loading into the basin was estimated. Three areas of Soyang-river upstream and one area of Suip-cheon in Yanggu-gun were selected as research sites. Flow and water quality were measured simultaneously. The relation between quantity of discharge and pollution concentration and between quantity of discharge and pollution loading were analyzed by statistical method, respectively. We provided a rating curve through measuring quantity of discharge(collection quantity of discharge)and pollutograph and pollution loading curve through water quality data. Also, we analyzed the correlation between quantity of discharge per unit area and pollution loading per unit area in each basin. As resurt of this research, Buk-cheon spot revealed an excellent first grade water quality for the items including BOD5, DO, and SS. The correlation coefficient between Buk-cheon spot's quantity of discharge and pollution loading was 0.896~0.996, showing the validity of analysis applying correlation curve formula of quantity of discharge and pollution loading in the same spot. Also, pollution loading per unit area of the items including BOD5, COD, DO, SS, T-N, T-P increased as area of basins get increased following the sequence of Buk-cheon, Suip-cheon, Naelin-cheon spots.

이면성 및 도플러 심초음파도를 이용하여 진단한 선천성 거대 좌회선지-좌심실 관동맥루

진승원,박준철,이영중,유병현,박현옥,김용주,윤호중,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

Dopamine Transporter Gene의 다형성과 알코올 의존증의 관련

최윤정,방승규,김정진,도규영,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 도파민계는 알코올 추구와 같은 알코올 의존증과 관련된 행동에 중요한 역할을 한다. Dopamine transporter(DAT1)는 신경연접부위에서 도파민 재흡수에 관여하여 도파민 활성을 종결시키는 물질로 알려져 있다. 그러므로, DAT1 유전자가 알코올 의존증에 대한 감수성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. DAT1 유전자는 다형성을 보이는 반복된 40개의 염기서열(VNTR)을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 DAT1 유전자 다형성과 알코올 의존증 및 알코올 의존증의 임상변인과의 관련성에 대하여 알아보았다. 방 법 : 알코올 의존증 환자 94명과 정상대조군 113명을 대상으로 말초혈액을 채취하여 분리된 DNA의 DAT1 유전자를 DNA 중합효소연쇄반응으로 증폭하였다. 증폭된 산물을 15% polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동하여 나타나는 띠의 크기에 따라 유전자형을 구분하였다. 자료의 통계적 처리는 Fisher's exact test, oneway ANOVA를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 환자군과 정상대조군의 유전자형은 모두 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium의 예상치와 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대립유전자는 7 repeats, 9 repeats, 10 repeats, 11 repeats의 4가지 종류로 구분되었고, 유전자형은 7/7 repeats, 7/10 repeats, 9/10 repeats, 10/10 repeats, 10/11 repeats의 5가지 형태를 보였다. 환자군과 대조군간에 DAT1 유전자형 및 대립유전자 빈도는 유의한 차이가 없었고, DAT1 유전자형에 따른 음주 시작 연령, 알코올 의존증의 발병 연령 및 잠복기간에서도 차이가 없었다. 알코올 의존증의 가족력이 있는 환자군과 없는 환자군은 DAT1 유전자형의 빈도에서 차이가 있는 경향을 보였고(χ²=6.912, p=0.081), DAT1 대립유전자의 빈도에서도 유의한 차이가 있었으며(χ²=10.193, p=0.008), lambda값은 0.046였다. 결 론 : DAT1 유전자의 다형성이 알코올 의존증의 유전적 소인이 될 가능성은 적은 것으로 보이나, 알코올 의존증의 가족내 유전과는 관련있을 것으로 시사된다. Objectives : Alcoholism is known to be a heritable disease. It has been hypothesized that dopaminergic systems play an important heritable role in human behavor related to alcohol dependence, such as alcohol seeking. Therefore, genes involved in this pathway, including dopamine transporter(DAT1), which is responsible for taking released dopamine back up into presynaptic terminals and terminating dopaminergic activity, are potential candidate that may affect susceptibility to alcoholism. Analysis of a 40-base pair(bp) repeat(VNTR) in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT1 gene revealed variable number of the repeat ranging from 3 to 11 copies. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the association between alcoholism and VNTR polymorphism of DAT1. Methods : Genomic DNA analysis with polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to identify the presence of a VNTR polymorphism. It was carried out within a group of 94 alcoholic patients and 113 normal controls. Results : 1) There were no significant differences in allelic or genotype frequencies between the group of alcoholic patients and controls. 2) There were no significant differences in the first drinking age, onset age and latency of alcoholism according to DAT1 genotypes. 3) There was a significant difference in allelic frequencies between alcoholics with family history and those without family history. Conclusions : These results suggested that VNTR polymorphism of DAT1 is unlikely to be a factor in the genetic etiology of alcoholism, but might be related to familial transmission of alcoholism.