Lipid metabolism modulation by five different food types in the monogonont marine rotifer <i>Brachionus koreanus</i>

Lee, Min-Chul,Park, Jun Chul,Yoon, Deok-Seo,Choi, Hyuntae,Shin, Kyung-Hoon,Kim, Hee-Jin,Hagiwara, Atsushi,Lee, Jae-Seong Elsevier 2019 Aquaculture Vol.503 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To investigate the effects of five different foods on fatty acid metabolism in the monogonont marine rotifer <I>Brachionus koreanus</I>, we measured life cycle parameters, analyzed the area of Nile red staining, fatty acid composition, and mRNA expression of fatty acid desaturase (<I>Fads</I>) and elongation of very long chain fatty acid (<I>Elovl</I>) genes. Among the five different foods (<I>Tetraselmis suecica</I>, <I>Chlorella</I> sp., <I>Isochrysis galbana</I>, <I>Chaetoceros</I> sp., and <I>Nannochloropsis oculata</I>), life span of <I>I. galbana</I>-fed group was significantly increased compared to the other groups. However, the reproduction parameters (cumulative offspring and daily reproduction) were the highest in <I>T. suecica</I>-fed group, and the lowest in <I>Chlorella</I> sp.-fed group. The area of Nile red staining analysis showed similar trends, in respect to the content of total fatty acid. The single fatty acid analysis result clearly indicated that not only the most of the content of fatty acid was highly dependent on the food types, especially in omega-6 fatty acids group, but also, <I>B. koreanus</I> could newly synthesize some specific fatty acids by themselves (e.g. omega-3 and -9 families). Lastly, the mRNA expression of <I>Elovl</I> and <I>Fads</I> genes were modulated by food types indicating the lipid metabolism could be controlled by food in <I>B. koreanus</I> and probably very small amount of 18:3n-3 fatty acids was utilized and synthesized omega-3 fatty acids through the increase in <I>Elovl</I> and <I>Fads</I> gene expression in <I>Chaetoceros</I> sp. and <I>N. oculata</I>-fed groups. In conclusion, this study revealed that although <I>B. koreanus</I> could modulate fatty acid metabolism by itself, some nutrient values (e.g. omega-6 fatty acids) should be considered, therefore, it is important to understand the essential nutrient through both the molecular and quantitative analysis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Among the five types of foods, life span of <I>Isochrysis galbana</I>-fed group was significantly increased compared to other groups. </LI> <LI> The reproduction parameters were the highest in <I>T. suecica</I>-fed group, and the lowest in <I>Chlorella</I> sp.-fed group. </LI> <LI> The most of the content of fatty acid was highly dependent on the food types, especially in omega-6 fatty acids group. </LI> <LI> <I>B. koreanus</I> could newly synthesize some specific fatty acids by themselves (e.g. omega-3 and -9 families). </LI> <LI> The mRNA expression of <I>Elovl</I> and <I>Fads</I> genes were modulated by food types indicating the lipid metabolism could be controlled by food in <I>B. koreanus</I>. </LI> </UL> </P>

Supramolecular fishing for plasma membrane proteins using an ultrastable synthetic host??guest binding pair

Lee, Don-Wook,Park, Kyeng Min,Banerjee, Mainak,Ha, Sang Hoon,Lee, Taehoon,Suh, Kyungwon,Paul, Somak,Jung, Hyuntae,Kim, Jaeyoon,Selvapalam, Narayanan,Ryu, Sung Ho,Kim, Kimoon Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature chemistry Vol.3 No.2

Membrane proteomics, the large-scale global analysis of membrane proteins, is often constrained by the efficiency of separating and extracting membrane proteins. Recent approaches involve conjugating membrane proteins with the small molecule biotin and using the receptor streptavidin to extract the labelled proteins. Despite the many advantages of this method, several shortcomings remain, including potential contamination by endogenously biotinylated molecules and interference by streptavidin during analytical stages. Here, we report a supramolecular fishing method for membrane proteins using the synthetic receptor??ligand pair cucurbit[7]uril??1-trimethylammoniomethylferrocene (CB[7]??AFc). CB[7]-conjugated beads selectively capture AFc-labelled proteins from heterogeneous protein mixtures, and AFc-labelling of cells results in the efficient capture of membrane proteins by these beads. The captured proteins can be recovered easily at room temperature by treatment with a strong competitor such as 1,1??bis(trimethylammoniomethyl)ferrocene. This synthetic but biocompatible host??guest system may be a useful alternative to streptavidin??biotin for membrane proteomics as well as other biological and biotechnological applications.

Influence Analysis of Environmental Data for Growth of Tomato

Hyuntae Lee,Jongtae Lim,Seungwoo Cha,Jihyeon Choi,Hwanyong Choi,Sangjun Chung,Seoheui Lee,Hyunjung Hwang,Junhyuck Jang,Christopher RETITI DIOP EMANE,Yuna Kim,Kyoungsoo Bok,Jaesoo Yoo 한국콘텐츠학회 2022 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2022 No.12

Genome-wide characterization and expression of the elongation of very long chain fatty acid (<i>Elovl</i>) genes and fatty acid profiles in the alga (<i>Tetraselmis suecica</i>) fed marine rotifer <i>Brachionus koreanus</i>

Lee, Min-Chul,Park, Jun Chul,Yoon, Deok-Seo,Choi, Hyuntae,Kim, Hee-Jin,Shin, Kyung-Hoon,Hagiwara, Atsushi,Han, Jeonghoon,Park, Heum Gi,Lee, Jae-Seong Elsevier 2019 Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, G Vol.30 No.-

<P><B>Abstracts</B></P> <P>To understand the lipid metabolism in invertebrate species, identification of the fatty acid (FA) synthesis gene families in invertebrate species is important, since some FA are unable to be synthesized in the organisms by themselves. In the study, to identify the elongation of very long chain fatty acid (<I>Elovl</I>) genes in the marine rotifer <I>Brachionus koreanus</I>, the genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of <I>Elovl</I> genes have been conducted with the expression profile of <I>Elovl</I> genes on the alga <I>Tetraslemis suecica</I>-fed <I>B. koreanus</I>. A total 10 <I>Elovl</I> genes have been identified from the genome of <I>B. koreanus</I>, with conserved HXXHH motif. Synteny analysis showed that tandem duplication event has occurred (<I>Elovl3/6a</I> and <I>b</I>, <I>Elovl9a</I> and <I>b</I>, and <I>Elovl9c</I> and <I>d</I>) in the ancestor. Phylogenetic analysis have clearly revealed that <I>Brachionus</I> spp. has only <I>2/5</I> and <I>3/6</I> subfamilies, and two novel <I>Elovl</I> classes have been revealed, namely <I>Elovl9</I> and <I>10</I>. Transcriptional data showed that the 10 <I>Elovl</I> genes were differently expressed and their expression could be regulated by feeding the alga <I>T. suecica</I>. From fatty acid (FA) profile data of the alga <I>Tetraslemis suecica</I>-fed <I>B. koreanus</I>, we revealed that the marine rotifer <I>B. koreanus</I> may synthesize very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA; >22 carbons) by themselves, as VLCFA was hardly detected in the alga <I>T. suecica</I>. The study provides a better understanding of FA metabolism of the marine rotifer <I>B. koreanus</I> after feeding the <I>T. suecica</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Total 10 <I>Elovl</I> genes have been identified from the genome of <I>B. koreanus</I>. </LI> <LI> Tandem duplication event has occurred (<I>Elovl3/6a</I> and <I>b</I>, <I>Elovl9a</I> and <I>b</I>, and <I>Elovl9c</I> and <I>d</I>). </LI> <LI> <I>Brachionus</I> spp. has only <I>2/5</I> and <I>3/6</I> subfamilies with two novel Elovl classes <I>Elovl9</I> and <I>10</I>. </LI> <LI> 10 <I>Elovl</I> genes were differently expressed and their expression could be regulated by feeding the alga <I>T. suecica</I>. </LI> <LI> <I>B. koreanus</I> may synthesize very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA; > 22 carbons) by themselves. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Study on the Emission Property in Ce3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+ Co-doped CaHfO3 Phosphors via Successive Energy Transfer

Taerim Lee,Soyeong Jang,Hyunseo Kim,Hyuntae Lim,Y. S. Lee 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.76 No.3

We investigated the energy transfer among three rare-earth ions, Ce3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+, and the related emission properties in a host material CaHfO3 by using photoluminescence spectroscopy. We found that in case of the Tb3+ and Eu3+ doubly-doped CaHfO3, the visible emission intensity of Eu3+ could be activated with the photoexcitation of the transitions in Tb3+ through an energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+. By adding Ce3+ ions to this doubly doped sample, we obtained the Eu3+ emission with near-ultraviolet (NUV) light excitation in Ce3+ via the successive energy transfers Ce3+ → Tb3+ and Tb3+ → Eu3+. We observed that the emission colors were tuned from blue to green/yellow and then to red with NUV photoexcitation in Ce3+/Tb3+/Eu3+-codoped CaHfO3.

0.6V 400㎻ 급 초저전력 델타-시그마 모듈레이터 설계

이현태(Hyuntae Lee),최영길(Youngkil Choi),노형동(Hyungdong Roh),노정진(Jeongjin Roh) 대한전자공학회 2007 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.11

In this paper, we propose a low-voltage, Jaw-power delta-sigma modulator for a implantable cardiac pacemaker. The distributed feed-forward structure and bulk-driven method are used for improved performance. The designed modulator achieves 53㏈ SNDR at 0.6v supply voltage and consumes 400㎻. The core chip size is 660㎛*500㎛ with 0.18㎛ CMOS standard process.

Effect of Electric Muscle Stimulation on the Improvement of Deltoid Muscle Atrophy in a Rat Shoulder Immobilization Model: Biomolecular and Histological Analysis

Jeongkun Lee,Ja-Yeon Kim,Taewoo Lho,JiHwan Lee,Jongwon Lee,Hyuntae Kim,Seok Won Chung 대한견주관절의학회 2022 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.4

「駕洛國記」로 본 首陵王廟의 조성과 그 성격

이현태(Lee Hyuntae) 백산학회 2020 白山學報 Vol.0 No.118

『삼국유사』에 실려 있는 「駕洛國記」는 비록 원형 그대로는 아니지만, 가락국을 이해하는데없어서는 안 될 중요한 자료이다. 「가락국기」에는 가락국의 건국 과정부터 멸망에 이르기까지의 역사가 실려 있는데, 그 가운데 상당한 비중을 차지하는 것이 수로왕의 제사와 관련한기사이다. 이 글에서는 수로왕 제사의 출발점이라 할 수 있는 수로왕의 능·廟 조성과 그성격에 대해 살펴보았다. 수로왕이 세상을 떠나자 殯殿인 殯宮을 세워 왕의 시신을 한동안 모셨다가 그 곁에 능을조성하였다. 「가락국기」에 보이는 ‘首陵王廟’의 首陵은 수로왕의 시호가 아니라 陵號이며, ‘廟’ 라는 용어에는 사당이란 의미가 담겨 있다. 따라서 首陵王廟는 수로왕의 능과 사당을 아우르는복합적 개념으로 사용되었으며, 나아가 수로왕의 陵域 내에 수로왕의 사당이 위치하였음을떠올리게 한다. 「가락국기」에는 가락국의 역대 왕을 首陵王廟에 모셨고, 해마다 다섯 차례 정해진 날짜에제사를 지냈다고 기록되어 있다. 이는 首陵王廟가 종묘와 유사한 성격을 띠었음을 단적으로보여준다. 首陵王廟는 正寢의 역할을 한 廟房과 그 곁에 위치한 便房 등으로 이루어져 있었다. 이러한 시설이 유기적으로 어우러지면서 首陵王廟는 일종의 가락국 종묘와 같은 기능을 할수 있었던 것으로 이해된다. Records on Kingdom of Garakguk kept in Samgukyusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) are important materials for those studying Garakguk. Records on Kingdom of Garakguk include the history ranging from the foundation of Garakguk to its fall. A considerable portion of it is about sacrificial rites for King Suro. This paper is about how the tomb of King Suro and shrines for him were built and what their nature was. Upon the demise of King Suro, his body was kept at the funeral hall for a while and then the tomb was built close to it. The word “Sureung” in the royal tomb (“Wangmyo”) of Sureung stated in Records on Kingdom of Garakguk was the name attached to the tomb, not an honorific bestowed on the deceased king. The word “myo” includes the shrine. Like this, the royal tomb (“Wangmyo”) of Sureung refers to the tomb of King Suro, the shrine altogether and tells us that the shrine were located within the area of the tomb of King Suro. According to Records on Kingdom of Garakguk, sacrificial rites for the deceased kings from the second King Geodeung through the last King Guhyeong of Garakguk were held at the royal tomb of Sureung on a total of five occasions in each year. It tells us that the royal tomb (“Wangmyo”) of Sureung served as Jongmyo (royal ancestral shrine). The said royal tomb was composed of the burial chamber, an ancillary chamber. It appears that the said royal tomb served as Jongmyo of the Kingdom of Garakguk, with these facilities functioning organically with each other.

신라 臨海殿과 月池宮의 성격 재론

이현태(Lee, Hyuntae) 한국사학회 2020 史學硏究 Vol.0 No.140

경주 안압지는 통일신라 때 月池로 불렸고, 그 서편의 건물지군은 태자의 활동 공간인 東宮이자 月池宮으로 불렸다는 것이 학계의 일반적인 인식이었다. 하지만 최근에 안압지 서편 건물지군을 태자궁(동궁)으로 보기 힘들다는 견해가 대두되었고, 월지마저 안압지가 아닌 다른 곳으로 비정하는 주장이 제기되었다. 이에 이 글에서는 안압지와 그 서편 건물지군의 성격을 논의할 때 언급되는 사료를 면밀히 살펴보았다. 우선 월성 안팎의 苑池를 확인한 결과 안압지는 月池로 불린 것이 분명하고, 월지의 ‘月’은 최고의 권력 또는 권위를 상징함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 안압지서편 건물지군에 속한 臨海殿의 경우 태자와 관련한 기록은 보이지 않고, 국왕이 주재하였던 연회 또는 건물의 중수 기록만 확인된다는 점에 주목하였다. 나아가 秀宗이 副君으로 임명되어 월지궁에 들어간 지 2개월 뒤에 貞嬌를 태자비로 삼았다는 기사를 검토하였다. 수종(흥덕왕)에게 章和夫人외에 다른 부인이 있었다는 기록은 없기 때문에, 태자비 정교의 기사는 헌덕왕의 태자와 부군 수종이 일정 기간 공존하였음을 시사한다. 그래서 태자가 존재하는 상황에서 부군 수종이 들어간 월지궁은 태자궁일 수 없으며, 안압지 서편 건물지군은 태자와 연결시키기 힘들다고 판단하였다.『삼국사기』등을 고려하면 임해전과 월지궁은 태자가 아니라 왕의 활동 공간으로 이해하는 것이 타당하다고 결론지었다. 아울러 임해전은 안압지 서편의 C건물지일 가능성이 높으며, 이곳은 三朝가운데 內朝에 해당하므로 왕의 일상적인 정무 처리 공간이면서 필요한 경우 군신 간의 연회 장소로 활용된 것으로 보았다. It was once generally accepted among historians that Anapji Pond in Gyeongju was called Wolji Pond during the Unified Silla period and that the complex of buildings situated to the west of the pond were the remains of Woljigung Palace, where the crown prince of Unified Silla had his residence and his offices. Recently, however, a new theory or viewpoint has emerged to the effect that the complex of buildings situated to the west of the pond was not actually the crown prince’s palace(called Donggung Palace, or the “Eastern Palace”) and that the pond currently called Anapji Pond is not the same as the pond called Wolji Pond mentioned in ancient sources. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the original function of Anapji Pond and the aforementioned complex of buildings based on the extant historical materials related with the site. A careful survey of the “garden pond”(Wonji) at Wolseong clearly shows that the present-day Anapji Pond was known as Wolji Pond(月池, “Moon Pond”), where the first character, Wol(月), symbolizes the supreme authority or power. As for the complex of buildings, which now includes Imhaejeon Hall, no related records have ever been found, although there are some records about the renovation of the buildings and the banquets hosted in them by Unified Silla’s rulers. One important clue concerning the function of the complex of buildings can be found in the record that Sujong, after being designated heir apparent(副君, Bugun), was allowed to reside in Woljigung(月池宮, “Moon Pond Palace”), and married Jeonggyo, a daughter of Kim Chunggong , two months later. Given that there is no record that Sujong(later King Heungdeok, r. 826-836) had any other consorts apart from Lady Janghwa, the record of Jeonggyo’s marriage to become a crown princess suggests that King Heondeok’s crown prince and the Bugun Sujong existed together for a certain period of time. One cannot argue, therefore, that Woljigung Palace, in which Sujong was allowed to live, was the crown prince’s palace. This also suggests that the complex of buildings to the west of Anapji Pond was directly connected with the crown prince of Unified Silla. As such, it is safer to conclude, based on the statements provided in The History of the Three Kingdoms(三國史記, Samguk sagi) and other historical records, that Imhaejeon Hall and Woljigung Palace were domains of the king, rather than the crown prince, of Unified Silla.

신라 月池宮의 성격과 太子宮의 위치

이현태(Lee, Hyuntae) 한국고대사학회 2020 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.0 No.100

안압지와 그 주변 건물지는 태자와 관계된다는 견해가 많았는데, 근래에 안압지 일대를 태자의 공간으로 보기 힘들다는 주장이 이어지고 있다. 최근에는 국립경주박물관의 남측 일대와 안압지 동편 유적이 태자궁의 후보지로 거론되었다. 이 글은 그동안 태자궁의 후보지로 언급된 유적을 검토하여 태자궁이 어디에 위치하였는지, 그리고 안압지 일대에 조성된 유적의 성격은 무엇인지를 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 안압지 서편의 A건물지는 內陣 減柱와 정면의 출입시설에 踏道가 설치된 사실이 새롭게 확인되었다. 이는 A건물지가 正殿이었음을 알려준다. 안압지 서편 건물지군에는 A건물지를 포함해 中庭을 갖춘 3기의 대형 건물지가 동일한 남북축선 상에 배치되었고, 각 건물지는 회랑과 익랑 등으로 구획되었다. 이러한 건물 배치는 당나라 大明宮의 三朝와 유사하다. 더욱이 「봉암사 지증대사탑비」에는 헌강왕과 지증대사가 月池宮에서 못을 바라보며 대화를 나누는 장면이 있는데, 월성 안팎에서 이것이 가능한 공간은 안압지 서편 건물지군 뿐이다. 그러므로 안압지 서편 건물지군은 태자가 아니라 왕과 관련된 공간이며, 월지궁의 영역에 포함된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이는 월지궁이 태자궁의 이칭이 아닌 왕의 공간임을 의미한다. 또 다른 태자궁의 후보지인 국립경주박물관 남측 일대는 안압지와 거리가 많이 떨어져 있다. 그래서 이곳에 태자궁이 있었다면 왜 안압지에서 ‘太子’·‘東宮’과 관련된 여러 점의 문자자료가 출토되었는지 합리적으로 설명하기가 어렵다. 안압지 동편 유적에는 태자궁이 건립되는 679년 무렵에 해당하는 건물지가 3기 밖에 없다. 그 가운데 1기는 門址, 다른 1기는 안압지 서편의 A건물지와 마찬가지로 內陣 減柱의 대형 건물지이고, 나머지 1기는 1×1칸 규모의 소형 건물지이다. 따라서 안압지 동편 유적을 태자궁과 연관시키기도 힘들다. 아울러 7세기 후반 안압지와 그 동편 유적을 구분 짓는 담장은 존재하지 않았기 때문에 월지궁의 범위는 동쪽으로 안압지 동편 유적까지 이르렀던 것으로 보인다. 이렇듯 그동안 태자궁의 후보지로 지목되었던 유적에 태자궁이 있었을 가능성은 희박하다. ‘太子’·‘東宮’과 관련된 여러 점의 문자자료가 안압지에서 출토되었음을 감안하면 태자궁이 안압지와 멀리 떨어져 있었다고 보기는 곤란하다. 그래서 주목한 곳이 바로 源花路와 안압지 서편 건물지군 사이이다. 이곳은 아직 고고학적 조사가 이루어진 적이 없지만, 안압지 인근일 뿐만 아니라 신라에서 방향을 논할 때 기준이 되는 월성의 동북쪽에 해당하기 때문에 東宮의 동쪽이란 방향과도 어긋나지 않는다. 따라서 향후 원화로와 안압지 서편 건물지군 사이를 발굴할 때 태자궁이 위치하였을 가능성을 염두에 두어야 할 것이다. Many opinions were presented in the past that Anapji(pond) and the surrounding buildings were related to the crown prince, while recently, it is argued that it is difficult to see the area of Anapji as the space for the prince. Recently, the area south of Gyeongju National Museum and the ruins east of Anapji were mentioned as candidate sites for Taejagung(palace). The objective of this article is to examine the ruins mentioned as a candidate site for Taejagung and clarify the original location Taejagung and the characteristics of the ruins created in the Anapji area. It was newly confirmed that the A building site west of Anapji omitted pillars at the center, while Dapdo(the stairway that can pass through the king) was installed in the frontal entrance facility. This suggests that the A building site was the main hall. In the building site cluster west of Anapji, 3 large building sites with courtyards, including the A building site, were placed on the same longitudinal axial line, and each building site was surrounded by corridors and transepts. This building layout is similar to that of the three courts consisting of Hanyuan Hall-Xuanzheng Hall-Zichen Hall in Tang Taming Palace. Furthermore, the 「Stele for Buddhist Monk Jijeung at Bongamsa Temple」 depicts a scene in which King Heongang and monk Jijeung chat while looking at the pond from Woljigung(palace). The only space in the palace where this was possible is currently the building site cluster west of Anapji. Therefore, the building site cluster west of Anapji is not a crown prince-related space but the king-related space, and can be understood as being included in the domain of Woljigung. This also suggests that Woljigung is not a different name of Taejagung, but a royal space. Another Taejagung candidate site, the southern area of Gyeongju National Museum, is far from Anapji. So, if there was Taejagung here, it is difficult to properly explain why excavated from Anapji were several text materials related to the crown prince and Donggung(the palace of the crown prince). In the ruins east of Anapji, there are only three building sites that correspond to the time of 679 when Taejagung was built. Of them, site 1 is a gate site, site 26 is a large building site with pillars omitted at the center of the building like the A building site west of Anapji, and site 16 is a small building site with the size of 1×1 section. Therefore, it is difficult to associate the ruins east of Anapji with Taejagung. Furthermore, since there was no fence that distinguished Anapji in the second half of the 7th century from the ruins east of Anapji, the range of Woljigung seems to have extended eastwards, reaching the ruins east of Anapji. As such, it is unlikely that Taejagung could have existed in the ruins that have been designated as the candidate site for Taejagung. Considering that several text materials related to the crown prince and Donggung were excavated from Anapji, it is difficult to say that Taejagung was far from Anapji. So, it is the area between Wonhwa-ro(road) and the building site cluster west of Anapji that attracted our attention. Although archaeological investigations have not been conducted in this site, it is not only near Anapji, but also corresponds to northeast of Wolseong, which is the standard when discussing directions in Silla, so it does not deviate from the direction of east of Donggung(lit. east place). Therefore, when excavating the area between Wonhwa-ro and the building site cluster west of Anapji in the future, it is important to keep in mind the possibility of Taejagung being located there.