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장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
Park, Yong Hyun,Byun, Seok-Soo,Kang, Seok Ho,Koh, Jun Sung,Park, Hyoung Keun,Paick, Sung Hyun,Seo, Young Jin,Yoo, Tag Geun,Jung, Han,Cho, Jin Seon,Jeon, Seong Soo,Choi, Yunhee,Park, Sue Kyung Mary Ann Liebert 2009 Journal of endourology Vol.23 No.9
<P>PURPOSE: This multiinstitutional report assesses the oncologic efficacy of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HLRN) compared with open radical nephrectomy (ORN) in patients with localized clear cell renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the data from 2561 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy at 26 institutions in Korea between June 1998 and December 2007 for localized RCC. One hundred ninety-seven patients with clear cell RCC in the HLRN group were compared with 917 patients with clear cell RCC in the ORN group. To evaluate the technical adequacy and oncologic outcome, we compared the operative time, estimated blood loss, and 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 36 months for the HLRN group and 27 months for the ORN group. The operative time was significantly longer in the HLRN group than in the ORN group (206.8 +/- 68.7 minutes vs. 179.1 +/- 61.5 minutes, p < 0.001), and blood loss was significantly lower in the HLRN group than in the ORN group (311.6 +/- 238.7 mL vs. 372.4 +/- 367.3 mL, p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in pathologic T stage and Fuhrman's nuclear grade in the two groups. No statistically significant difference was found in the 5-year overall (91.2% vs. 90.3%, p = 0.286) and disease-specific (95.2% vs. 92.1%, p = 0.222) survival rates between the HLRN and ORN groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the longer operative time, HLRN was an effective and less-invasive treatment option for localized clear cell RCC. HLRN could achieve cancer control similar to that obtained with ORN.</P>
Park, Hyoung SeoJeong, Mo Geun 한국실과교육학회 2005 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.18 No.4
이 연구는 초등학교 고학년을 위한 자기부상열차 만들기 체험활동 중심의 MST통합교육 프로그램을 개발하는데 있다. 이 연구는 개발 연구로서 설문 조사와 예비/현장 시험을 병행하여 이루어졌다. 그리고 개발 절차는 준비 단계, 개발 단계, 개선 단계의 과정을 거쳤다. 준비 단계에서는 문헌 연구를 통하여 교과의 요구 분석, 학습자의 요구 분석, 사회의 요구 분석을 하였다. 개발 단계에서는 초등학교 고학년을 위한 자기부상열차 만들기 체험활동 중심의 MST통합교육 프로그램을 교실 수업에서 활용하기 위한 설계 개요, 교사 지침서, 학생 활동 자료를 개발하였다. 설계 개요는 상황, 문제, 설계 제한점, 체험 학습, 문서화로 구성하였다. 교사 지침서는 모범적 해결책, 프로그램 목표, 응용 목록, 수업계열, 활동 단계, 학생 활동의 계열, 도입, 용어 해석, 자료 목록을 개발하였다. 학생 활동 자료는 학생들의 활동 지침서로서 수학․과학․기술교육의 내용을 체험활동을 중심으로 세 교과의 내용이 상호작용되도록 하였다. 개선 단계에서는 프로그램을 초등학생들을 대상으로 예비시험을 실시하고 그 결과에 따라서 수정․보완하였다.
Park, Ju-Hyoung,Lee, Young-Joo,Jin, Min-Ho,Park, Se-Joon,Lee, Dong-Wook,Bae, Jong-Soo,Kim, Joeng-Geun,Song, Kwang Ho,Choi, Young-Chan Elsevier 2017 Fuel Vol.203 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To improve cold gas efficiency of entrained-flow gasification, coal water slurry (CWS) as a fuel must have high heating value at low viscosity. Especially, considering unstable supply of bituminous coal, the preparation of CWS with high coal content from low-rank coal remains a challenging topic. In this study, we report a remarkable improvement in coal content of CWS at low viscosity (1000cP) through torrefaction of low-rank coal. Compared to dried coal (moisture-free coal), the torrefaction of low-rank coal leads to an improvement in hydrophobic nature of coal surface and a decrease in coal porosity. The moisture readsorption ratio of the torrefied low-rank coal significantly decreases due to its high hydrophobic nature and low porosity. As a result, Kideco coal showed a 6% and 58.7% increase in the coal content and heating value of CWS after torrefaction at 300°C in comparison to those of CWS made with dried coal. Ultimately, the torrefied coal-based CWS with enhanced coal content and heating value at low viscosity is expected to contribute to an increase in the efficiency of a gasifier and IGCC process.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> VM was partly removed, and FC content and calorific value increase through torrefaction. </LI> <LI> Coal surface turned hydrophobic and pore volume decreased through torrefaction. </LI> <LI> Torrefaction inhibits water reabsorption and reduces the water filled in void volume. </LI> <LI> Torrefaction of LRC was conducted to prepare CWS with a higher coal content. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>