기능성 Catechol-O-Methyltransferase 유전자 다형성과 한국인 정신분열병의 관련성

박태원,홍영준,박임순,김형섭,최인미,배수영,윤경식,강대희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : Catechol-O-Methyltransferase(COMT)는 카테콜아민 신경전달물질의 불활성화를 담당하는 효소로서, 정신분열병과 관련된 후보 유전자로서 알려져 왔다. 최근, 기능성 COMT유전자 다형성과 정신분열병의 관련성이 제기되었는데, 한국인 정신분열병에서도 이러한 관련성이 있는지를 살피기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 정신분열병으로 진단된 환자군 103명과 성별 및 연령별로 1:1 짝짓기 대조군 사이에 유전자형과 대립유전자의 분포를 비교하였다. 또한, 환자군은 공격적 행동, 가족력, 아동기 발병 여부에 따라 두 군으로 나누어 비교하였다. DNA의 다형성 부의를 중합효소연쇄반응에 의해 증폭한 후 ,NlaⅢ제한효소법과 전기영동을 실시하여 유전자형을 판별하였다. 결 과 : 환자군 전체와 대조군 사이에 유전자형과 대립유전자 빈도의 차이가 없었다. 가족력이 있는 환자군을 대조군과 비교하였을 때는, 대립유전자 L을 포함하는 유전자형과 그렇지 않은 유전자형의 분포에 있어 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.02, OR=3.9, 95% Cl=1.1∼14.3). 결 론 : 한국인 정신분열병과 기능성 COMT 유전자 다형성 사이에 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 따라서, 기능성 COMT 유전자 다형성이 한국인 정신분열병의 발병에 영향을 주지 못한다. 그러나, 정신분열병 가족력과 기능성 COMT유전자 다형성의 관련성이 시시돠어, 향후 본 연구에서 나타난 방법론적인 문제점을 보완하고 추가 대상자를 확보한 연구가 필요하다. Objectives : Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) is involved in the degradation of catecholamine meurotransmitters and has been investigated as a candidate gene in schizophrenia. Recently, possible relationship between functional COMT gene polymorphism and schizophrenia has been suggested. To address the possible role of functional COMT gene polymorphism in the predisposition to schizophrenia, we carried out an association study in Korean schizophrenic patients and controls. Methods : One hundred and three Korean inpatients diagnosed as schizophrenia and 103 age and sex matched controls were selected as study subjects. Patients were subgrouped into two groups on the basis of history of aggressive behavior, family history of schizophrenia and related disorders, and age at onset. We determined COMT genotypes using PCR of the relevant region followed by digestion with NlaⅢ and electrophoresis. Results : No significant differences of allele and genotype frequencies were noted between patients and controls. However, when patients were categorized by the presence of family history of schizophrenia and related disorders, patients with family history showed almost 4 fold higher frequency of having COMT L allele containing genotype compared to controls(p=0.02, OR=3.9, 9.5% CI=1.10-14.33). Conclusion : Although our results do not support an association between functional polymorphism of COMT gene and schizophrenia overall, the findings suggest an association between functional COMT gene polymorphism and familial schizophrenia. Further studies with large samples are needed to confirm this association.

染色廢水의 Simultant 處理

이춘식,김형석,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1993 硏究報告 Vol.16 No.1

When the dyeing complex wastewater was treated with simultant process using the 8.0% aluminum sulphate solution and MMA(goods on trial sale), the optimum dose of 8.0% aluminum sulphate solution and MMA, the fluction of MLSS concentration, COD removal rate and SS removal rate were analyzed. The following conclusions were obtained from the experimental results ; 1) In case the MMA of 400, 600mg/l was injected, effluent COD and MLSS were respectively 38mg/l and 894, 1,235mg/l. This case showed excellent results as compared with the case that the same concentration of 8.0% aluminum sulphate solution was injected. 2) Incase the 8% aluminum sulphate solution of 400, 600mg/l was injected, effluent COD and MLSS were 53.48mg/l and 502, 540mg/l, respectively. 3) In case the 8% aluminum sulphate solution and MMA were not injected into aeration tank, the MLVSS in aeration tank was about 400-500mg/l and COD, SS of effluent were 68mg/l and 74mg/l, respectively.

만성정신분열병 환자에서 Haloperidol이 유지용량감소에 의한 임상효과 및 Haooperidol, Reduced Haloperidol의 혈장농도에 관한 연구

김형섭,황태연,박용범,김명식,김광현 용인정신의학연구소 1997 용인정신의학보 Vol.4 No.1

오존 및 紫外線 照射에 의한 汚水의 複合酸化

이춘식,김형석,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1993 硏究報告 Vol.16 No.1

In case the wastewater contained various pollutants was treated with the complex oxidation treatment method utilizing the ozone and ultra-violet radiation, the removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, Tirbidity and E.Coli according to the ozone contact concentration were excellent. The following conclusions were obtained from the experimental results : 1. When the ozone contact concentration was above 12.lmg/l, the BOD removal rate and the effluent BOD concentration were above 90% and below 10mg/l, and then the COD removal rate was above 90%, also. 2. When the ozone contact concentration was above 12.lmg/l, the SS removal rate was about 60% at 40, 50 mins. of hydraulic retention time, but the removal rate was down to 40% at 60mins. of HRT. 3. When the ozone contact concentration was above 5.2mg/l, the E.Coli removal rate was about 100% without the hydraulic retention time.

웨이블릿 변환을 이용한 가속도 기록의 이중 적분법

이형진,어석홍,박정식 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2002 공업기술연구 Vol.2 No.-

It is well known that double integration of measured acceleration records is one of the most difficult signal processing, particularly in the case of measurements on civil engineering structures. The measured accelerations on civil structures usually contain non-gaussian and low-frequency noises as well as acceleration records are non-stationary. For this type of signals, wavelet transform can be useful because of its inherent processing abilities for non-stationary signals. In this paper, the de-noising algorithm using the wavelet transform are slightly extended to process non-gaussian and low frequency noises, using median filter concepts. The example studies show that the intergration can be improved using proposed method.

교육사회학의 연구 동향 분석

김경식,권민석,김병규,박형진,송승면,황정희 경북대학교 사범대학부속 중등교육연구소 2005 중등교육연구 Vol.53 No.3

한국, 일본, 미국, 영국의 교육사회학 학술지 논문을 주제별 내용분석을 통해 각각의 하위개념을 도출하고 개념의 유사성의 정도에 따라 다시 상위개념으로 분류하여 교육사회학의 주요 연구영역을 탐색하였다. 학술지에서 가장 많이 다루어진 영역은 교육과 평등/지위획득, 교육정책과 제도, 교육사회학의 성격/이론, 학교사회와 학업성취, 페미니스트(여성), 청소년 문제와 문화, 교사교육/교직사회, 공교육의 문제/교육개혁 등의 순으로 나타났다. 특히 교육정책과 제도 문제는 한국과 일본에서, 교육사회학의 발달과 정체성 문제는 영국에서, 학업성취 관련 내용은 미국에서 가장 많이 다루어졌다. The purpose of this study was to explore the research trend in sociology of education. To conduct the purpose of this study, the Korean Journal of Sociology of Education(KJSE), the Journal of Educational Sociology(JES), Sociology of Education(SOE), and Bitish Journal of Sociology of Education(BJSE)'s articles were analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: First, though the major categories(major domains) of research areas were a few differences among nations, they were education & equality, educational policy, sociology of education theory, school society & academic achievement, feminism, adolescent problem & culture, teacher education, school crisis & education reform, course education, sociology of curriculum, and etc. Second, the most frequent research area was the educational policy & system problems in Korea and Japan; the development and identity of sociology of education in Britain; The school society & academic achievement in U.S.A.

肺臟切除가 反對側 肺臟 第Ⅱ型 肺胞細胞의 機能에 미치는 影響

李錫江,朴載植,金亨鎭 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

一側 肺切除時 反對側 肺臟이 代償性 增殖을 한다는 것은 周知의 事實이다. 特히 代償性 增殖時 肺胞表面活性物質을 分泌하는 것으로 알려진 第Ⅱ型 肺胞細胞의 機能은 어떤 樣相을 나타내는지 究明하기 위하여 試圍한 本 硏究 結果는 다음과 같다. 肺洗滌液의 燐脂質 燐量은 對照群에서 8.04±0.74μMol/gm wet lung wt.인데 比해 肺切除後 第 1,2 및 3일에는 有意하게 減少하였으나 第 7일에는 6.91±0.57μMo1/gm wet lung wt.로서 第3일에 比해서 增加하는 傾向을 보였다. 肺洗滌液의 蛋白量은 對照群이 5.18±0.15㎎/gm wt lung wt.인데 比해 肝切除後 第 1 및 2일에는 各各 7.90±0.68 및 7.07±0.75㎎/gm wet lung wt.로 有意하게 增加를 보였으며 第 3 및 7일에는 對照群과 비슷하였다. 對照群의 右側肺臟 무게는 3.26±0.12gm인데 比해 肺切除後 第 1,2 및 3일에는 別 變化가 없었으나 第 7일에는 3.86±0.2gm으로 對照群에 比해 有意하게 增加하였다. 15㎖ 및 30㎖의 肺容積에 대한 肺內壓 測定은 動的 및 靜的肺內壓이 모두 肺切除後 第 1 및 2일에 上昇하는 傾向을 보였고 第 3및 7일에는 減少하여 對照群과 비슷하거나 낮았다. 兩側 副腎무게는 對照群이 230.2±19.5㎎인데 比해 肺切除後 第 1,2 및 3일에는 別 變化가 없었으나 第 7일에는 336.7±39.2㎎으로 對照群에 比해 有意한 增加를 하였다. 體重은 對照群에서 1.70㎏인데 比해 肺切除後 第 1,2 및 3일에 다같이 減少하였으며 第 7일에는 對照群의 그것과 비슷하였다. It is generally accepted that conpensatory lung growth occurs in the remaining tissue after pneumonectomy; the unilateral pneumonectomy causes the weights, number of alveoli, and alveolar cells to increase to the level of total paired lung, including alveolar type Ⅱ cell which secretes a lipoprotein mixture called surfactant. In order to study the effects of unilateral pneumonectomy on the function of type Ⅱ cell in the contralateral lung during compensatory period, left pneumonectomy was performed on rabbits (1.5-1.8kg body weight), and phospholipid phosphorus and protein contents in the right lung lavages, the weight of the right lung, intrapulmonic pressures at 15 and 30㎖ lung volumes, and bilateral adrenal weights were studied on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 7th postpneumonectomy day. The right lung was lavaged with isotonic saline and phospholipid phosphorus in the lung lavage was determined by the modified method of Beveridge and Johnson, and protein was determined by the method of Lowry et al. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Phospholipid phosphorus contents in the control was 8.04±0.74μMol/gm wet lung wt, but a significant decrease on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postpneumonectomy day was observed compared with the control. However, phospholipid phosphorus on the 7th postpneumonectomy day was increased to 6.91±0.57μMol/gm wet lung wt comparing with the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postpneumonectomy day. The protein contents of the lung lavage was increased on the 1st and 2nd postpneumonectomy day but decreased to the control level on the 7th postpneumonectomy day. The lung weight on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postpneumonectomy day was not different from the control but increased significantly to 3.86±0.25gm on the 7th postpneumonectomy day compared with the control value of 3.26±0.12gm. The static and dynamic intrapulmonic pressures were increased on the 1st and 2nd postpneumonectomy day but decreased to the control value on the 3rd and 7th postpneumonectomy day. The bilateral adrenal weight on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postpneumonectomy day was not different from the control but increased significantly to 336.7±39.2mg on the 7th postpneumonectomy day compared with the control value of 230.2±19.5mg. The body weight in the control was 1.70±0.05kg but a decreased value was observed on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postpneumonectomy day followed by a return to the control on the 7th postpneumonectomy day.

고등학교 운동선수에서 최대하 Treadmill 운동시 심폐기능의 변화와 산소섭취량의 추산법

배옥석,김형진,박재식,주영은 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1990 慶北醫大誌 Vol.31 No.3

고등학교 운동선수에서 최대하 treadmill 운동시험시 심폐기능의 변화를 구명하고 운동부하, 운동시간 및 심박수로부터 산소섭취량을 추산할 수 있는 회귀방정식을 유도하고자 15∼18세의 남자 고등학생 운동선수 14명과 비운동선수 16명을 대상으로 하여 Bruce법에 따라 treadmill 상에서 최대 운동능력의 80%에 해당하는 최대하운동을 실시하고 운동전, 운동중 및 운동후에 심박수, 혈압, 분시환기량, 탄산가스생산량 및 산소섭취량을 측정하였으며 운동 전후에 폐환기역학 검사를 시행하였다. 심박수는 선수군에서 안정시의 71.9±1.3회로부터 운동중 178.0±2.0회까지 증가하여 최대심박수의 81.2±2.3%에 달하였고 비선수군에서는 안정시의 81.8±2.4회로부터 182.6±1.1회까지 증가하여 최대심박수의 79.6±2.0%에 달하였다. 선수군의 심박수는 비선수군에 비해 전 실험기간에 걸쳐 유의(P<0.01)하게 낮은 값을 유지하였다. 분시환기량은 선수군에서 안정시의 5.1±0.6 L/min로부터 운동중 63.0 L/min까지 증가하였고 비선수군에서는 안정시의 5.2±0.5 L/min로부터 51.2 L/min 까지 증가하였으며 양군 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 산소섭취량은 선수군에서 안정시 1.0±0.4 ㎖/㎏/min로부터 운동중 32.6 ㎖/㎏/min까지 증가하여 최대산소섭취량의 72.9%에 달했으며 비선수군에서는 안정시 1.4±0.3 ㎖/㎏/min로부터 28.9 ㎖/㎏/min까지 증가하여 최대산소섭취량의 70.3%에 달하였다. 선수군의 산소섭취량은 비선수군에 비해 계속 낮은 경향을 보였다. Treadmill 속도 및 경사도와 산소섭취량 간의 중회귀분석 결과 중상관계수 0.9998로서 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. Bruce법에 따른 운동시간과 산소섭취량 간의 회귀분석 결과 1차함수 회귀식에 대한 상관계수는 0.999였으나 3차함수 회귀식에 대한 상관계수는 0.99999로서 극히 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 심박수와 산소섭취량 간에는 상관계수 0.998 및 0.992로서 대체로 높은 직선적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 폐기능검사 결과 안정시 FVC, FEF_(0.2-1.2L), FEF_25% 및 MVV는 선수군에서 비선수군에 비해 유의(P<0.05)하게 높았다. 운동후 폐기능검사 성적은 비선수군에서는 안정시보다 저하된 경향을 보인데 비해 선수군에서는 향상된 경향을 보였다. The cardiorespiratory function was evaluated during and after a submaximal treadmill exercise and some regression equations were derived for estimation of oxygen uptake from exercise load, exercise time and the heart rate. A total of 30 high school boys, of whom 14 were athletic and 16 non-athletic, performed a submaximal treadmill exercise according to the Bruce protocol to the point when 80% of their maximum exercising capacity were reached. The heart rate, blood pressure, minute ventilation, CO_2 production and O_2 uptake were measured before, during and after exercise, and the pulmonary function test was performed before and after exercise. Heart rate was increased from 71.9±1.3 beats/min at rest to 178.0±2.0 during exercise which was 81.2±2.3% of the maximum heart rate in athletes, and from 81.8±2.4 beats/min at rest to 182.6±1.1 which was 79.6±2.0% of its maximum in non-athletes. Athletes showed significantly (P<0.01) lower heart rate than non-athletes throughout the experimental period. Minute ventilation was increased from 5.1±0.6 L/min at rest to 63.0 in athletes and from 5.2±0.5 L/min to 51.2 in non-athletes. Athletes and non-athletes showed no significant difference. Oxygen uptake was increased from 1.0±0.4 ㎖/㎏/min at rest to 32.6 which was 72.9% of maximum oxygen uptake in athletes, and from 1.4±0.3 ㎖/㎏/min to 28.9 which was 70.3% of the maximum in non-athletes. Athletes showed consistently lower oxygen uptake than non-athletes. Multiple regression analysis between treadmill speed and grade and the oxygen uptake showed a high correlation coefficient of 0.9998. A first order regression analysis between exercise time and oxygen uptake showed a correlation coefficient of 0.999, while a third order regression analysis showed an extremely high correlation coefficient of 0.99999. The heart rate and oxygen uptake showed a linear regression with a reasonably high correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 0.992. The pulmonary function test revealed significantly(P<0.05) higher FVC, FEF_(0.2-1.2L), FEF_25% and MVV at rest in athletes than in non-athletes. After exercise, athletes showed enhanced pulmonary function compared with the resting state while non-athletes showed more or less decreased.

새로운 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors의 합성

최순규,김형민,조승환,최학기,박유미,이용균,정대일,김인식,한정태 동아대학교 부설 기초과학연구소 2004 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.1

노인성 치매의 일종인 alzheimer's disease의 효과적인 억제제를 합성하기 위해 우리는 분자 모델링에 의한 가장 적합한 물질인 m-[(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)phenyl]boronic acid를 합성하였다. 출발물질인 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate의 경우 boronic acid의 작용기인 hydroxyl group을 protecting시킴으로써 반응의 안정성을 기하였다. Quarternary ammonium salt는 과량의 methyliodide와 염기 촉매인 potassium hydrogen carbonate를 사용하여 용매인 methanol에서 반응시켜 상당히 높은 수율을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 과량의 methyliodide와 염기촉매인 potassium hydrogen carbonate를 사용하여 용매인 methanol에서 반응시킨 결과 boronic acid의 protection없이도 안정하게 반응이 진행되어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. In order to syntheisize a effective inhibotor for alzheimer's disease, we synthesized m-[(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)phenyl]boronic acid 4 which is designed by molecular modeling form. We protected the hydroxyl group of 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate 1 with ethlyne glycol to remove the reactivity if hydroxyl group. To synthesize m-[(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)phenyl]boronic acid 4, we reacted 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate 1 with ezcess methyl iodide and potassium hydrogen carbonate as a base-catalyst in methanol. but On executed reaction without protection on hydroxyl group, we found out the result that the hydroxyl group of boronic acid group at 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate 1 didn't react with excess methyliodide. Synthesized m-[(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)phenyl]boronic acid 4 is in progress about biological tests as a plausible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

제대 및 신생아 혈중 cytokine(IL₁β, IL6, TNF) 수치의 변화

강진무,김홍식,박인식,이형종 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

분만방법에 따른 제대혈과 양수 그리고 감염 및 stress가 있는 신생아혈중과 세포성분을 배양한 상청액의 cytokine치를 ELISA법으로 측정하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 제대혈중 IL₁β치는 질식 유도분만때가 질식 자연 분만, 응급 제왕절개 및 계획 제왕절개때보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 신생아 혈중 IL₁β치는 감염이 동반된 경우와 stress가 동반된 경우에 높았으며, 감염이 동반되었을 때가 stress보다 더 높게 나타났고, 저체중 출생아에서 높았다. 계획 제왕절개시의 제대혈 IL₁β치는 양수보다 낮았다. 질식자연 분만시 제대혈 세포상청액의 IL₁β 혈장치보다 높았고, 양자간에 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.92, p<0.05). 감염이 동반된 신생아에서 IL₁β치는 혈장치가 높은 경우 세포 상청액치는 낮고, 혈장치가 낮은 경우 세포 상청액치는 높았다. IL6는 감염이 있는 신생아 혈장과 세포 상청액, 양수 등에서 검출되었다. TNF는 감염이 있는 신생아 세포 상청액 8례중 3례에서 측정되었다 The cytokines, interleukin-1β(IL₁β), interleukin-6(IL6) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) are important mediators of host response to stress and infection. Impaired immune reaction and febrile responses to the infection in newborn period may result from abnormal cytokine regulation and there were difference in the responses between newborn and adult due to the different cytokine regulation system. To investigate the cytokine regulation in different circumstances of the delivery and newborn conditions, the measurement of the levels of IL₁β,IL6 and TNF in cord blood, amniotic fluid and the blood of the newborn were performed, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA,R&D Co.). Cytokines of the supernatant of incubated cellular pellet were also measured. Cord blood IL₁β level was significantly higher in induced vaginal delivery than that of the normal vaginal, emergency, and elective cesarian section delivery(p<0.001). Plasma IL₁β level of the newborn with infection or stress was elevated and the level was higher in infection than that of the newborn with stress during delivery. Premature baby had higher level than normal newborn. Cord blood IL₁βlevel was lower than that of amniotic fluid in elective cesarian section delivery. In normal vaginal delivery, IL₁βlevel of the cellular supernatant was higher than that of the plasma and showed good correlation(r=0.92, p<0.05). In newborn with infection, plasma IL₁βlevel was high in the cases with low supernatant level and the plasma level was low in the cases with high supernatant IL₁β. IL6 was detcted from the plasma and cellular supernatant of the newborn with infection and the amniotic fluid. TNF was detected in cellular supernatant of 3 among 8 newborn with infection.