섬유강화형 포스트를 이용한 치관-치근 파절의 치료: 증례 보고

임화신,라지영,이광희,안소연,김윤희,금기석,이상봉 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture of tooth that contains enamel, dentin and cementum with or without pulp exposure. Generally the fracture lines place obliquely from labial surface, between incisal edge of the crown and marginal gingiva, to palatal surface subgingivally. If the fracture line is located supragingivally, the removal of tooth fragment and supragingival restoration can be performed. In subgingival fracture line, the surgical exposure, orthodontic eruption or surgical eruption can be considered. If the fracture line is too deep to restorate, extraction or decoronation can be selected. In children and adolescents, the extraction should be the last option. Another option to select before extraction is the restoration using fiber-reinforced post and the reattachment of tooth fragment. The fiber-rainforced post enhances the retention and the durability of tooth fragment. The reattachment of crown fragment using resin adhesive system is considered minimal invasive treatment biologically. This case reports the treatment of crown-root fracture using the reattachment of crown fragment and the insertion of fiber-reinforced post. 치관-치근 파절은 법랑질, 상아질, 백악질이 모두 포함된 치아의 파절로, 파절선이 대부분 절단연이나 순측의 변연부 치은 에서 구개측 치은열구 하방으로 사선으로 진행된다. 파절선의 위치가 치은 연상이라면 파절편의 제거 및 치은연상 수복을 시 행하고, 치은 연하라면 파절면의 외과적 노출술, 교정적 정출술, 외과적 정출술을 이용한 치아의 수복이 이루어진다. 그 외에 섬유 강화형 포스트를 삽입하여 치관 수복물의 유지력을 높이고, 레진 접착 시스템을 사용하여 치관 파절편을 재부착함으로 써 생물학적으로 최소한으로 침습적인 치료를 하는 방법도 있다. 만약 파절의 정도가 치은 연하로 깊은 경우 발치나 치관절제 술을 이용한 치근의 유지 등을 고려할 수 있다. 본 증례는 치관-치근파절로 내원한 12세 환아로 섬유강화형 포스트를 사용하여 치관 파절편 재부착을 시행하였으며 양호 한 경과를 보여 이를 보고하는 바이다.

효율적인 학급경영을 위한 초등학생의 학급 인터넷 커뮤니티 참여유형 및 상호작용에 관한 사례연구

윤영화 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2006 이화교육논총 Vol.16 No.-

This study was conducted in order to understand elementary students' internet community participation types. In order to do that, diverse factors that affect such patterns need to be examined, which is possible through the analysis of interactions between students, students and teachers, and students and environment. For this study, close observation was conducted for 8 month period from March 1, 2005 to October 31, 2005 on internet communities organized by students in a 6th grader class in Rainbow Elementary school. As a methodology, the educational ethnography, a qualitative researches based approach, was employed. The study reveals 6 different patterns in elementary school students' internet participation; 'beauty in every aspect type', 'double life type', 'saen-nym Saen-nym refers to Korean typical scholars, who lived in Chosun Dynasty. They were intelligent and knowledgeable but not pursuing success in the world. They were famous for frugality, strict self-disciplines, and sarcastic criticism toward the world. type', 'good boy and girl type', 'faultfinder type', and 'outcast type.' The 'beauty in every aspect type' students are intellectually excellent, working under good internet access environment, good at writing, quick at keyboard usage, and excellent in dealing with functions provided by online community software such as file-attachment and scrapping. The 'double life type' students are not as intellectual as those in 'beauty in every aspect type' but actively participate. Many of them behave very differently in online communities compared to in classroom. The 'saen-nym type'students are good at using computers, though excelled by 'beauty in every aspect type' students. They like to criticize other students' writings logically and intellectually. Instead of showing upin every bulletin board, they concentrate on their interested activities. The 'good boy and girl type'students are always logged on to the internet, real all postings, and reply all, which usually end up with good words. The 'faultfinder type' students reply other students' postings in less intellectual but more emotional ways compared to 'saen-nym type' students. finally, 'outcast type' students recognize them as not being accepted by other students and are intimidated in activities in classroom. But friendly messages posted online by teachers or other students are good consolation and encouragement to them. This suggests that online activities could be an educational healing to them. From elementary students' interactions with other students, teachers, and internet environment, findings could be drawn as followings in terms of internet community activities. First, positive interactions among students are seen such as raising interests in each other, consulting with others, cooperation, and participation. Negative interactions are also detected such as criticizing, invasion of privacy, and spying-on. Second, in the interactions between students and teachers, students recognize teachers' activities as positive when they organize and operate communities in a way that chances are given fair to every student for participation and when they create atmosphere that is encouraging and inspiring students. On the other hand, if teachers praise some students preferentially or reply their postings selectively, students regard it as favoritism and think negative about it. Third, the internet access environment, amount of time allowed for computer usage, and parents understanding on the internet also affect students'participation in classroom internet communities. If parents are generous to children's internet usage and provide goodphysical environment for internet access, students are able to comfortably log in communities and post their candid opinions. To summarize, based on the research on elementary school students' internet community participating patterns and interactions with their environment, this study searches teaching directions and find suggestions for succeeding studies and their methodology.

팔체질침을 이용한 반월판 관절경부분절제술 환자의 치험례

강영화,김성욱,손인석,서정철,윤현민,장경전 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2001 동의한의연구 Vol.5 No.-

슬관절은 지속적인 압력을 받거나 충격때문에 동작범위의 한계에 이를 때 손상받기 쉽다. 반월판 파열 환자는 일상생활에 지장을 주는 동통, 정복되지 않는 잠김, locking이나 giving way가 자주 일어나는 경우, 지속적인 신전제한이 있을 때 수술의 적응증이 된다. 반월판 파열 환자의 재활에 있어서 관건은 대퇴사두근의 근력과 ROM의 회복이다. 팔체질침 시술후 반월판 부분절제술을 시행한 환자가 동통의 강도와 동통 재발의 감소, ROM의 개선, 전반적 상태면에서 체침이나 MPS 시술 때보다 더 나은 경과를 얻었다. Knee joints are apt to be injured when they are over the limit of ROM by continuous pressure or impact. The patient of meniscus tear has to be operated in case that he has the symptom of knee pain obstructive to daily life, unreducable locking, frequent locking or giving way, continuous extention limit. In the rehabilitation of the patient of meniscus tear, the key is the progress of musculi quadratus femori's power and ROM. After 8 constitutional acupucture therapies, partial menisectomy patient has the better process about decrease of pain intensity and relapsing pain frequence, development of ROM, general condition more than general acupucture or MPS medical treatment.

저선량 γ선 조사가 참박의 초기 생육과 효소 활성 및 광합성 능에 미치는 영향

이혜연,김재성,백명화,이영근,임돈순 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.3

저선량 γ선 조사가 참박의 초기생육과 생리활성에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 참박 종자에 γ선을 O~2OGy 수준으로 조사하여 생육을 관찰하였다. 저선량 γ선에 의한 참박의 초기생육은 대조구에 비해 4~16Gy에서 다소 증가하였고, 생육 조사시 측정한 자엽의 경우 catalase와 peroxidase활성이 대조구에 비해 8Gy조사구에서 가장 높았으며 본엽은 peroxidase 활성이 4Gy 조사구에서 확연히 증가하였다. 저선량 γ선을 조사한 박 식물체의 광 스트레스에 대한 반응효과는 광계Ⅱ의 광화학적 효율이 대조구와 8Gy의 경우 50%정도 감소되었으나 4Gy에서는 40%정도의 감소를 보였다. 반면 Fo는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 약간의 증가를 보였으나 대조구나 저선량 조사구사이의 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 광계Ⅱ의 광양자 수율, φ_PSⅡ과 광계Ⅱ 반응중심의 흥분 포획능, 1/Fo-l/Fm 또한 광저해가 진행되는 동안 감소하여 φ_PSⅡ는 대조구와 8 Gy의 경우 20%정도 감소를 보인 반면 4Gy조사구는 15%의 감소를 보였고, 1/Fo-lF/m은 대조구와 8Gy는 55%,4 Gy는 45%의 감소를 나타냈다. 비광화학적 소멸인 NPQ는 대조구와 저선량 조사구 모두 70% 정도 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 종자의 종피를 투과한 저선량의 γ선이 참박의 생육을 촉진시키고 4Gy에서 광 스트레스에 대한 저해가 감소되었다. Gourd seeds were irradiated with the doses of 0∼20 Gy to investigate the effect of the low dose ??-radiation on the early growth and physiological activity. The stimulating effects of the low dose ??-radiation on the early growth were not noticeably high, but were increased generally at 4∼16 Gy irradiation group. The catalase and peroxidase activity of cotyledon from seeds irradiated with ??-radiation were increased at 8 Gy irradiation group. The peroxidase activity of leaf was noticeably high at 4 Gy irradiation group. The photochemical yield of PSⅡ, estimated as Fv/Fm, decreased with increasing illumination time by 50% after 4hrs in the control and 8 Gy irradiation group, while Fo slightly increased. However, Fv/Fm in the 4 Gy irradiation group decreased by 40% of inhibition, indicating that photoinhibition decreased by the low dose ??-radiation. Changes in the effective quantum yield of PSⅡ, Φ_PSⅡ and 1/Fo-1/Fm, a measure of the rate constant of excitation trapping by the PSⅢ reaction center, showed similar pattern to Fv/Fm. NPQ decreased by 70% after photoinhibitory treatment with showing similar pattern between the control and the irradiation group. These results showed the positive effect of low dose ??-radiation on the seedling growth and the reduction of photoinhibition in the 4 Gy irradiation group.

효율적인 학급경영을 위한 초등학생의 학급 인터넷 커뮤니티 참여유형 및 상호작용에 관한 사례연구

김정효,윤영화 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.2

본 연구는 초등학교에서 이루어지는 학급경영을 위한 인터넷커뮤니티의 성격을 밝히기 위한 질적 사례연구이다. 이를 위해 초등학생의 학급 인터넷 커뮤니티에서의 상호작용유형은 어떠하며, 참여유형은 어떠한지에 대해 알아보았다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울시 강서교육청 산하에 있는 무지개 초등학교(가명) 6학년 2반의 학급 인터넷 커뮤니티를 2005년 3월부터 11월까지 9개월간 관찰하였다. 연구방법은 질적인 접근에 의한 교육적 문화기술법(educational ethnography)으로서 관찰, 교사저널, 심층면담, 이메일, 게시판 및 자료실 글 관찰 등의 방법을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 이와 같이 수집된 자료는 개별사례기록 후 항시 비교법에 의하여 분석되었다. 연구결과 학급인터넷 커뮤니티의 학생간상호작용, 교사와 학생간 상호작용유형의 특징이 어떠한지와 ‘적극적 전문가형’ ‘이중생활형’ ‘선택적 참여형’ ‘격려형’ ‘비판형’ ‘치유형’ 등 6가지의 참여유형이 밝혀졌다. This study was conducted in order to understand elementary students' internet community participation types. In order to do that, diverse factors that affect such patterns need to be examined, which is possible through the analysis of interactions between students, students and teachers, and students and environment. For this study, close observation was conducted for 8 month period from March 2, 2005 to October 31, 2005 on internet communities organized by students in a 6th grader class in Rainbow Elementary school. As a methodology, the educational ethnography, a qualitative researches based approach, was employed. From elementary students' interactions with other students, teachers, and internet environment, findings could be drawn as followings in terms of internet community activities. First, positive interactions among students are seen such as raising interests in each other, consulting with others, cooperation, and participation. Negative interactions are also detected such as criticizing, invasion of privacy, and spying-on. Second, in the interactions between students and teachers, students recognize teachers' activities as positive when they organize and operate communities in a way that chances are given fair to every student for participation and when they create atmosphere that is encouraging and inspiring students. On the other hand, if teachers praise some students preferentially or reply their postings selectively, students regard it as favoritism and think negative about it. Third, the internet access environment, amount of time allowed for computer usage, and parents understanding on the internet also affect students'participation in classroom internet communities. If parents are generous to children's internet usage and provide goodphysical environment for internet access, students are able to comfortably log in communities and post their candid opinions. To summarize, based on the research on elementary school students' internet community participating patterns and interactions with their environment, this study searches teaching directions and find suggestions for succeeding studies and their methodology.

참박과 호박 종자의 발아촉진을 위한 저선량 감마선의 효과

김재성,백명화,이영근,이혜연,유준철 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.3

참박과 호박 채종종자의 발아율을 증진시킬 수 잇는 종자 처리 방법을 확립하고자 저선량 감마선을 1∼20 Gy 까지 조사하여 발아와 초기생육 및 생리활성을 관찰하였다. 저선량 조사한 참박과 호박종자의 발아율은 대조구보다 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 효과는 종자상태에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 참박 70∼80% 발아율종자의 발아는 4∼20 Gy에서 증가하였는데 특히 4 Gy조사에서 가장 높았고, 80∼90% 발아율종자도 4 Gy 조사에서 효과를 보였다. 파종 4일 후의 발아율은 참박 70∼80%와 80∼90% 발아율 종자의 경우는 4 Gy조사에서 대조구보다 각각 66%와 26% 증가하였고, 호박의 70∼80% 발아율종자는 2 Gy 조사에서, 80∼90% 발아율종자는 8 Gy 조사에서 향상되었다. 저선량 조사한 유묘생육은 발아율이 증가한 선량에서 증가하였는데 특히 호박 70∼80% 종자의 2 Gy 조사에서 가장 높았다. 파종 6일 후에 조사한 참박의 효소활성은 4 Gy조사시에 단백질과 catalase 활성이, 호박의 경우는 catalase와 peroxidase 활성이 2 Gy와 8 Gy 조사에서 증가하였다. 참박과 호박종자의 발아와 유묘생육 및 생리활성은 저선량 감마선 조사에 의해 촉진됨을 확인할 수 있었다. To establish the seed treatment method of the gamma radiation for germination enhancement of bottle gourd(Lagenaria siceraria Standl) and pumpkin(Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche), seeds were irradiated with the dose 1~20 Gy of the gamma radiation. The germination rate in irradiated group was higher than that of the control, depending on seed condition. In the case of bottle gourd, the germination rate of 70~80% germinative seed was increased at 4-20 Gy irradiated groups. Especially, it was the highest at 4 Gy irradiated group. The germination rate of 80~90% germinative seed was the highest at 4 Gy irradiated group. The germination rate of 70~80% and 80~90% germinative seed at 4 days after sowing was increased 66% and 26% at 4 Gy irradiated group, respectively. In the case of pumpkin, the germination rate of 70~80% and 80~90% germinative seed was increased at 2 Gy and 8 Gy irradiated group, respectively. Effect of the low-dose gamma radiation on the early growth was enhanced depending on their germination enhancement. Especially, it was the highest at 2 Gy irradiated group of 70~80% gen inative seed of pumpkin. Catalase activity of bottle gourd was increased at 4 Gy irradiated group. Catalase and peroxidase activity of pumpkin were increased at 2 Gy and 8 Gy irradiated group. These results suggest that the germination, early growth and physiological activity of bottle gourd and pumpkin seeds could be promoted by the low dose gamma radiation.

기능성척추측만증에 근막이완요법 및 전침치료 증례

김성욱,강영화,이상훈,권혜연,조태성,송춘호,안창범 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2001 동의한의연구 Vol.5 No.-

목적 : 우리는 신체를 근막의 통합된 전체로 보는 근막이완요법과 TrP를 파괴하는 전침요법을 기능성 척추측만증에 적용시킬수 있는지 알아보았다. 방법 : 22세의 기능성 척추측만증을 가진 남성에게 다양한 형태의 근막이완요법을 적용하였고, 중둔근, 요방형근, 슬괵근에 전침요법을 적용하였다. 결과 : 3주시술후 다리길이차이, 근막구축, Cobb's 각과 척추회전변위가 감소되었고 흉부압박감 같은 전신적증상이 호전되었다. 결론 : 근막이완요법과 전침병행치료가 신체를 근막의 일체로 보는 관점으로 인체의 구조적불균형을 바로 잡아줄수 있는 새로운 치료법의 기능성을 찾았다. Objective: We investigated this study in order to see the adaptation capability of myofascial release that translating the body being integrated fascial totality and electroacupuncture treatment that breaking trigger points in functional scoliosis. Methods: We applied myofascial relase by three patterns and electroacupuncture in TrPs of gluteus medius, Quadratus lumborum and Hamstring muscle to 22 year-old who have had functional scoliosis. Results: After 3 weeks, The leg length, fascial restriction. Cobb's angle and rotation scoliosis are decreased. Systemic symptoms, for example; chest discomfort are improved. conclusion: Myofascial release and electroacupuncture treatment is new methods that treating the sturctural unbalance in view of body's fascial network.

담양신설 IC의 교통소음도 조사연구

최형일,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화,정숙경 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

After the vehicle has become a large formation with high-speed, loud noise from an express highway is increasing, and the number of large-scale apartment complexes, which are recently being constructed in the metropolitan area nearby the express highway and IC, is increasing gradually. Compared with a main road, the traffic volume and the speed of a vehicle between IC and the ramp way [turn-off] are smaller. If the ramp way is rightly connected with the downtown area, however, the traffic-noise that comes about in surrounding areas will be in conjunction with the traffic-noise from the main road of express highway and that of the ramp way. This research has selected a place that hasn't had a road or a commercial quarter nearby the main-road of IC and ramp way. Then we have studied the traffic-noise status under minimizing influence of its outer-noise, which occurs in IC. 1. The traffic volume change of a small and full-sized car with time has been kept on regularity in 2004 and 2005. As the traffic volume of a full-sized car has diminished remarkably, it has been maintaining through 6:00a.m.-10:00 a.m. As it has decreased since lO:OO a.m.. we have also observed the traffic proportion going up. 2. Monthly traffic volume of small cars was higher in May, August and October than other months. We have observed that the high traffic volume during these months is due to the following: May-The Damyang festival, August-a high-demand season, October-viewing scarlet maple leaves. Monthly traffic volume of full-sized cars was generally higher in August, but it has decreased during 2006. This was due to the many construction trucks that were working on the extension of the 88 Olympic expressway. Therefore, there was more traffic volume in 2006 compared to 2004 and 2005. 3. In this study, the noise figures have been less than 55 dB(A) in 18 spots. There were 14 spots from 55dB(A) to 58dB(A). 58-61dB(A) : 20, 61-64dB(A) : 17, 64-67dB(A) : 18. There were 8 spots we observed at the highest level from 67dB(A) to 70dB(A). Those were the nearby spots separating the main road and Damyang IC. 4. Traffic-noise at the boundary between IC and the main road of an expressway was higher than that of the same distance in other places. 5. We have observed that traffic-noise is low in places with mountains that serve the role of soundproofing walls. Thus, the fundamental sound hadn't affected it.

월출산국립공원 수질특성에 관한 연구

최형일,김난희,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

Because mountain streams have narrow widths and steep slopes compared to streams and lakes, hours of immobility are considerably short, and the quality of mountain streams has been greatly influenced by rainfall, land-use, components of the streambed and types of forests. During the summer when heavy rainfall occurs, eroded earth and sand flow into mountain streams and cause temporarily high turbidity. It is also the cause of eutrophication, which is frequently found in downstream. As evaluation standards for the quality of mountain streams were not established in Korea, this quality was evaluated by examining some items based on quality standards for drinkable water and research on the influences of pollution in mountain streams, which showed that these were seldom in downstream water systems. Mountain streams within Wolchulsan National Park flow into a reservoir and when characteristics of mountain streams from forests and rainfall that flow into mountain streams through forest ecosystems were studied, results of measuring its changes are as follows. Monthly changes of pH were low between April and August and higher starting October, and the EC was measured higher in the winter and the spring and tended to be low starting April. The EC on the 19th of May and the 23rd of October and the concentration of floating materials and COD_(Mn) were observed to be higher due to the influence of rainfall on the 19th of May and the 22nd of October, and it was judged that the washing out of dried deposits attached to the water pipe and the leaching of woods were influenced by rainfall. It is considered that real-time monitoring of water quality for a long time and water quality conditions during and after rainfall should be examined for ensuring basic data of water quality and evaluating characteristics and seasonableness of mountain streams, which may be greatly changed by artificial influence in the future.

Silk Microneedle Mesh for Enhanced Cardiovascular Drug Delivery: Ex vivo and In vivo Vascular Tissue Penetration and Efficacy Evaluation

JiYong Lee(이지용),SeungHyun Park(박승현),Eui Hwa Jang(장의화),Jung-Hwan Kim(김정환),Young-Nam Youn(윤영남),WonHyoung Ryu(류원형) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4

Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), which is a commonly followed complication after cardiovascular surgery, leads to abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media due to endothelial damages and inflammatory response, resulting in restenosis and occlusion. For enhanced delivery of anti-proliferation drug to the tunica media with localized way, perivascular microneedle (MN) devices have been developed including MN cuff and wrappable MN mesh using biodegradable PLGA, showing enhanced NIH reduction with perivascular penetration. However, their tensile property including Young’s modulus and elongation needed to be modified to minimize mechanical constriction to the vascular tissue for vascular integrity. In this study, highly stretchable silk MN mesh was developed and their feasibility was evaluated with ex vivo insertion tests for localized drug delivery to the tunica media. The mechanical interaction between silk MN and rabbit abdominal aorta was analyzed with both infinite and blood pulse modeled insertion tests and tunica adventitia penetrability, an epidermal layer of the aorta, was evaluated with histopathological demonstration. As a result, tunica adventitia penetration was induced with 100 repetitive pulsatile movements with 3.58 mN of initial insertion and 3.56 mN of pulsatile induced force. Finally, in vivo comparative animal study was performed by applying silk MN mesh to the endothelially damaged blood vessel and showed enhanced efficacy for NIH reduction with multiple vascular penetrations.