In-Situ X-Ray Fluoroscopic Observation for Motion of Bubbles in Liquid Iron for Correction of Drag Coefficient Used in Numerical Simulation

In-Beom Park,Sang-Joon Kim,Hae-Geon Lee,Youn-Bae Kang 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.4

Rising of Ar bubble in C-saturated liquid iron was investigated in-situ by employing a high power X-Ray fluoroscope (maximum power of 450 kV and 4.5 mA) coupled with a high speed camera. This analysis enabled to track the actual motion of rising bubble in the liquid iron. After post-processing of X-Ray images, size, shape, velocity, and trajectory of the bubble were obtained. The bubbles were found to be not spherical, but ellipsoidal. Their average size could be estimated about 1.1×10 -2 m. The bubbles wobbled during rising and arrived at their terminal velocities within 0.1 sec. The obtained terminal velocities revealed that the governing forces acting on the motion of ellipsoidal bubble were inertia and surface force. This was quite different from that of spherical bubble which was widely used in the assumption for the numerical analysis. As a result, widely applied equation for the drag coefficient (CD = 24 (1 + 0.15Re 0.687 ) / Re) is seen to be applicable only for low Re regime, and this was also confirmed by the drag coefficient derived from the present experimental observation. Therefore, it is suggested to use the following equation for the drag coefficient CD = max [24 (1 + 0.15Re 0.687 ) / Re, 8Eo / 3(Eo + 4)]. Numerical simulation for the Ar bubble behavior in the three dimensional (3D) continuous casting mold was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the drag coefficient for the behavior of spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles. The numerical results showed that the increased CD based on ellipsoidal regime affected the entire fluid in the mold.

일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

The Clinical Profile of Patients with Psoriasis in Korea: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study (EPI-PSODE)

( Hae Jun Song ),( Chul Jong Park ),( Tae Yoon Kim ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Seok-Jong Lee ),( Nack In Kim ),( Jae We Cho ),( Jie Hyun Jeon ),( Min Soo Jang ),( Jai Il Youn ),( Myung Hwa Kim ),( Joonsoo 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.4

Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic in-flammatory disease affecting multiple aspects of patients` lives. Its epidemiology varies regionally; however, nation-wide epidemiologic data on psoriasis depicting profile of Korean patients has not been available to date. Objective: To understand nationwide epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features of adult patients with psoriasis visited uni-versity hospitals in Korea. Methods: This multicenter, non-in-terventional, cross-sectional study recruited 1,278 adult pa-tients with psoriasis across 25 centers in Korea in 2013. Various clinical data including PASI, BSA, DLQI, SF-36 and PASE were collected. Results: A total of 1,260 patients com-pleted the study (male:female=1.47:1). The mean age was 47.0 years with a distribution mostly in the 50s (24.9%). Early onset (<40 years) of psoriasis accounted for 53.9% of patients. The mean disease duration was 109.2 months; mean body mass index was 23.9 kg/m2; and 12.7% of patients had a family history of psoriasis. Plaque and guttate types of psoriasis accounted for 85.8% and 8.4%, respectively. Patients with PASI ≥10 accounted for 24.9%; patients with body surface area ≥10 were 45.9%. Patients with DLQI ≥6 accounted for 78.8%. Between PASI <10 and PASI ≥10 groups, significant difference was noted in age at diagnosis, disease duration, blood pressure, waist cir-cumference of female, and treatment experiences with pho-totherapy, systemic agents, and biologics. Conclusion: This was the first nationwide epidemiologic study of patients with psoriasis in Korea and provides an overview of the epidemio-logic characteristics and clinical profiles of this patient population. (Ann Dermatol 29(4) 462∼470, 2017)

정신분열병환자의 뇌량에 대한 신경병리적 고찰 : 확산텐서영상(Diffusion Tensor Image)기법의 적용

이경진,신용욱,하태현,이종민,김인영,김선일,문원진,정은철,박해정,오정은,박지영,강경훈,권기원,권준수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.4

Objectives : Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a new technique that can be used to visualize and measure the diffusion of water in brain tissue. It is particularly useful for evaluating white matter abnormalities. In this paper, we investigated the neuropathology of the corpus callosum in patients with schizophrenia through the new methods, diffusion tensor imaging. Methods : Diffuse tensor imaging was performed in 19 schizophrenic patients and 26 healthy controls. One complementary measure, fractional anisotropy (FA), which is considered to be sensitive indices of axonal integrity, was obtained from regions of interest in the five areas of the corpus callosum. Neuropsychological measurement also underwent for measurement of frontal lobe function in two groups. Results : There were no significant differences of FA in the DTI measures for either the schizophrenic patients compared with controls. FA was significantly decreased in women compared with men. Neuropsychological measurements such as Wisconsin card sorting test were correlated with FA of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion : FA measures revealed no differences between schizophrenia and controls. The findings suggest that the structural integrity of white matter in patient with schizophrenia was not disrupted. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies reporting positive and negative findings. It is concluded that further studies using DTI in larger samples, improved and standardized methods of data acquisition and analysis are needed.

Developing Core Elements and Checklist Items for Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Korean General Hospitals: A Modified Delphi Survey

Cheong Hae Suk,Park Kyung-Hwa,Kim Bongyoung,Eun Byung Wook,Kim Hyung-Sook,Kim Yong Chan,Lee Hyukmin,Jeong Su Jin,Moon Chisook,Kim Shin-Woo,Yoon Young Kyung,Hwang In Sun,Park Choon-Seon,Lee Mi Suk,Kim 대한감염학회 2023 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.55 No.1

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to optimize antimicrobial use by minimizing the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The core elements for implementing ASPs in healthcare facilities have been developed by the World Health Organization, international research group and government agencies of various countries. However, to date, there is no documented core elements for implementation of ASP in Korea. This survey aimed to establish a national consensus on a set of core elements and their related checklist items for the implementation of ASPs in Korean general hospitals. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from July 2022 to August 2022 by the Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy with support from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. A literature review was conducted by searching Medline and relevant websites to retrieve a list of core elements and checklist items. These core elements and checklist items were evaluated by a multidisciplinary panel of experts using a structured modified Delphi consensus procedure, using two-step survey included online in-depth questionnaires and in-person meeting. Results: The literature review identified 6 core elements (Leadership commitment, Operating system, Action, Tracking, Reporting, and Education) and 37 related checklist items. Fifteen experts participated in the consensus procedures. Ultimately, all 6 core elements were retained, and 28 checklist items were proposed, all with ≥80% agreement; in addition 9 items were merged into 2 items, 2 items were deleted, and 15 items were rephrased. Conclusion: This Delphi survey provides useful indicators for the implementation of ASP in Korea and suggests national policy improvement about the barriers (e.g., shortage of staffing and financial support) existing in Korea for optimal implementation of ASPs.

반려동물 사별에 따른 지속비애 예방을 위한 서비스 디자인 제안

이해인(Lee, Hae in),김정녕(Kim, Jeong nyeong),이지혜(Lee, Ji hye),문정인(Moon, Jeong in),이연준(Lee, Youn joon) 한국디자인문화학회 2023 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.29 No.4

반려동물 양육 가구가 증가하며, 반려동물 양육 시 필연적으로 마주하는 사별 준비에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있지만 이를 지원하는 서비스는 미비하다. 이에 본 연구는 사별 전부터의 체계적 준비를 통해 반려인의 적절한 애도 과정을 돕고, 반려인이 경험하는 지속비애를 예방하기 위한 서비스를 제안하고자 한다. 본 서비스는 문헌연구를 통해 애도와 지속비애에 대한 이해를 높이고, 지속비애 영향 요인으로 사별 예측, 사회적지지, 추모 및 애도의 여부가 존재함을 파악했다. 이후 실제 반려동물과 사별한 반려인 대상의 심층 인터뷰를 통해 지속비애 영향 요인을 구체화하고 기능을 개발하였다. 7명의 대상자와 인터뷰를 통해 사별 경험을 단계별로 분석하고 주요 니즈를 파악했으며, 사별 전 노력 부족의 죄책감 및 아쉬움, 사별 전후의 트라우마성 기억, 적절한 애도 과정의 부재를 지속비애 유발 요인으로 발굴했다. 인터뷰 분석 결과를 토대로 핵심 기능을 사별 전 ‘반려동물과 교감하는 활동하기’ 및 ‘반려동물과의 일상 기록하기’, 사별 후 ‘반려동물과의 추억 상기하기’ 및 ‘사별 후 반려동물에게 편지쓰기’로 제안하였다. 마지막으로 반려인 대상설문을 통해 서비스 콘셉트의 흥미도와 기능의 적절성을 검증하여 서비스의 실현 가능성을 확인했다. 본 연구는 반려인의 반려동물과의 사별 전후 경험을 연계하여, 사별을 체계적으로 준비함으로써 사별을 겪은 반려인이 적절한 애도 과정을 거치고 지속비애를 예방하도록 지원하는 데 의의가 있다. As the number of households raising pets continues to increase, the need for bereavement preparation, which inevitably comes with pet ownership, has emerged. However, there is a lack of services to support this need. Therefore, this study aims to propose a service that assists pet owners in their proper mourning process through systematic bereavement preparation and prevents the experience of prolonged grief. Through literature research, the characteristics of the grieving process, prolonged grief, and the factors influencing prolonged grief when a pet is lost were analyzed. In-depth interviews were conducted with individuals who have experienced the loss of a pet to analyze the stages of grief and identify their main needs. Based on the analysis of these interviews, service concepts and core features were derived, proposing four key functionalities: ‘Recording daily life with your pet’, ‘Engaging in interactive activities with your pet’, ‘Recalling memories with your pet’, and ‘Writing a letter to your pet’. The service concept and core functions were validated through feedback from pet owners, confirming the necessity of the service and identifying areas for improvement. This study is significant in its integration of the pre- and post-grief experiences of pet owners, providing systematic bereavement preparation to facilitate an appropriate mourning process and prevent prolonged grief. Building on the direction of the study to offer a more fundamental solution to the loss and prolonged grief experienced by pet owners after the loss of a pet, we hope for the continued development of diverse services in the future.

기아시 버들치 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(Sauvage and Dabry)의 일부 영양조건에서의 효과 : 2. 체 절단면 계측형질의 변화 2. Characteristics of the Morphometric Changes in the Sectioned Body

박인석,임재현,정창화,노재구,김윤해,이영호 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

버들치 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(Sauvage and Dabry) 기아시의 영양 상태 평가를 위하여 비만도, 내장괴지수, dreessing 비를 비롯한 체 횡단 절단면에서의 형태적 변화를 조사였다. 9주간의 기아시 비만도, 내장괴지수 및 대부분의 체 횡단 절단면 계측 형질들에서의 감소를 보였다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 실험에 적용된 영양성 parameter는 본 종의 영양 상태 파악에 유용한 지표임을 시사한다. 연구 결과를 자세히 해석하여, 버들치에서의 주요 체 절단 형질의 산업성을 논의하였다. The effects of starvation on the morphometrical changes in sectioned body traits, condition factor, viscera index and dressing percentage were determined for evaluating nutritional conditions of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(Sauvage and Dabry). Starvation for nine weeks resulted in a decrease in most sectioned traits as well as in condition factor and viscera index(P<0.05). These findings suggest that nutritional parameters used in this study appear to be a useful index for nutritional status in this species. The data has been interpreted in detail and some important body sectioned values of interest to commercial growers discussed.

수집소비의 동기와 의의

김해인 ( Kim Hae In ),이준영 ( Lee June Young ) 한국소비자학회 2019 소비자학연구 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 현대 소비사회에서 다양하게 등장하는 소비자 유형 중에서 수집소비를 하는 소비자를 분석하기 위해 진행하였다. 이를 알아보기 위해 현재 수집을 하고 있는 20~30대 소비자들 13명을 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 수집 전 행동, 수집 과정, 수집 후 행동으로 구분하였고, 수집소비의 의미를 분석, 도출하여 연구 결과를 범주화하여 정리하였다. 연구의 주요 분석결과로서 첫째, 수집 전 행동에 있어서 수집품 정보 탐색이 내·외적으로 이루어지며 수집행위 시 비의도적 동기로 시작했으나 점차 의도적 구매로 전환되고, 수집품 구매 시 적절하게 구매예산의 상한선을 두는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수집과정에서는 수집을 하는 소비자들이 과거, 현재, 미래에 모두 수집을 했거나 또는 할 것이라는 수집의 관성적인 특성을 보였고, 수집품 구매 시 긍정적인 감정과 태도를 표출하는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 수집 이후 행동에서는 보유효과 등의 심리 때문에 수집품을 버리는 등의 처분을 하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 수집에 의미에 있어서 수집물들은 기억과 추억을 기록하는 대상물인 동시에 나를 위한 가치소비로서 여겨지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 수집소비는 다양한 소비욕구가 다층적으로 나타나는 행위임을 발견하였다. 본 연구를 통해 수집소비의 보편성과 특수성을 이해할 수 있었으며, 취미와 취향이 보다 세분화되어 가고 있는 소비문화의 변화 속에서 수집소비자에 관한 이론적·실무적 시사점을 제공한다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of consumers who purchase items specifically for personal collections among the various types of consumers emerging in the modern consumer society. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 consumers in their 20s or 30s who were carrying out collection activities. Based on the output of the interviews, consumer behavior was divided into pre-collection behavior, the process of collection, and post-collection behavior. The meanings of collection-oriented consumption were analyzed and obtained, and the research results were outlined through categorization. The findings of this study were as follows: First, in terms of the pre-collection behavior, the subjects unintentionally started collection activities along with their internal and external searches for information on items for collection, but they gradually moved towards intentional purchases and set appropriate upper limits for their consumption budgets. Second, in the process of collection, the consumers who were collecting showed the inertial characteristic of collection that they had collected in the past and were collecting currently and would continue to collect in the future, and they also expressed positive emotions and attitudes during the purchase of items. Third, in terms of the post-collection behavior, they did not dispose of their collections due to psychological reasons, such as the endowment effect. Fourth, regarding the meaning of collection, the consumers perceived their collections as objects recording their memories and reminiscences, as well as valuable consumption for themselves. Moreover, collection-oriented consumption was found to be a multilayered act that reflected various consumption needs. This study helps understand both the universal and distinct characteristics of collection-oriented consumption and provides theoretical and practical implications on collection-oriented consumers, amid changes in consumption culture in the form of further segmentation in consumer hobbies and tastes.

Effect of Nicotinic Acid on Sperm Characteristic and Oocyte Development after In Vitro Fertilization using Cryopreserved Boar Semen

Yu-Jin Kim,이상희,Yeon-Ju Lee,Hae-In Oh,정희태,양부근,이승형,박춘근 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2015 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of nicotinic acid on sperm cryosurvival and fertilizationability in frozen-thawed boar semen. Boar semen was collected by glove-hand method and was frozen using freezingsolution treated to 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM of nicotinic acid. The frozen sperm for sperm characteristic analysis was thawedsuch as viability, acrosome reaction, and mitochondrial integrity. The frozen-thawed sperm was estimated by SYBR14/PIdouble staining for viability, FITC-PNA/PI double staining for acrosome reaction and Rhodamine123/PI double stainingfor mitochondrial integrity using a flow cytometry. The embryo was estimated in vitro development and DCFDAstaining for reactive oxygen species assessment. As results, frozen-thawed sperm viability was significantly higher in5 and 10 mM (61.1 ± 1.5%, 64.7 ± 2.0%) of nicotinic acid than other groups (0 mM, 52.1 ± 2.3%; 20 mM, 47.8± 5.1%, P<0.05). The live sperm with acrosome reaction was significantly higher in 5 and 10 mM of nicotinic acid(26.1 ± 1.8%, 24.9 ± 1.5%) than other groups (0 mM, 35.3 ± 0.8%; 20 mM, 36.5 ± 1.9%, P<0.05). The live spermwith mitochondrial integrity was significantly higher in 5 and 10 mM (84.2 ± 3.6%, 88.4 ± 2.3%) of nicotinic acidthan other groups (0 mM, 77.3 ± 4.4%; 20 mM, 73.3 ± 3.6%, P<0.05). Blastocyst rate of in vitro development wassignificantly higher in 10 mM (17.0 ± 1.3%) of nicotinic acid than other groups (0 mM, 9.4 ± 0.5%; 5mM, 12.6 ±0.8%; 20 mM, 5.0 ± 1.0%, P<0.05). Moreover, total cell number was higher in 5 and 10 mM (53.6 ± 2.9%, 57.9± 2.8%) of nicotinic acid than other groups (0 mM, 41.0 ± 1.4%; 20 mM, 23.2 ± 2.8%, P<0.05). Hydrogen peroxidein embryos was lower in 5 mM nicotinic acid (0.7 ± 0.1%) than other groups (0 mM, 1.0 ± 0.1%; 10mM, 0.9 ±0.0%; 20 mM, 1.4 ± 1.0%, P<0.05). In conclusion, nicotinic acid-treated semen improves cryosurvival and qualityof spermatozoa. Also, the fertilized oocytes with nicotinic acid improve quality of embryo and blastocyst formation

부산지역 수돗물과 지하수의 중금속 농도

김준연,손지언,김형수,김두희,원미숙,김인식,이혜령 동아대학교 산업의학연구소 2000 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.5

This study investigated mean airborne CO concention of 15 workplaces, suspected of CO exposure and conducted self-reported questionnaire completion and indirect COHb concentration measure using Micro II Smokerlyzer to healthy 702 adult subjects from 1999 May to 1999 September in order to find a relation of CO exposure and occupational factors, socioeconomic factors, and health related behaviors and confirm the related conditions in the screening test for CO exposure. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In the CO exposed and non exposed group, COHb concentrations of the smokers were 2.55±0.96% and 2.21±0.97% and that got a statistically significant difference, There were not statistically significant differences in the age and total smoking index. Passed times after the last smoking, Working time/day, and working duration were statistically significant difference (p〈0.05). 2. In the CO exposed and non exposed group, COHb concentrations of non-smoking group were 0.94±0.35% and 0.68±0.47% and that got a statistically significant difference. There were not statistically significant differences in the age and working duration but Working time/day was a statistically significant difference(p〈0.05). 3. In the CO exposed group, r-square of multiple regression of the smokers was 38.5 % and passed time after the last smoking, working time/day, and job category were statistically significant differences (p〈0.05). And r-square in the CO non-exposed group was 38.3 % and age, passed time after the last smoking, and total smoking index were statistically significant difference. 4. In the CO exposed group, r-square of multiple repression of the non-smokers was 66.3% and job category and airborne CO concentration were statistically significant differences(p〈0.05). But r-square of non-smokers in the CO non-exposed group was 1.0% and there was not a statistically significant difference(p〈0.05). 5. In the smokers of CO exposed and non exposed groups, relation of COHb concentration and passed time after the last smoking was expressed as exponential function, Y = 2.9182e-0.0083x and r-square of this function was 37.4%. Therefore it was more than 150 minutes that passed time after the last smoking was when COHb concentrations were measured as less than 1%. In conclusion, variable, that was statistically significant to COHb concentraion in the both CO exposed and non-exposed smokers, was a passed time after the last smoking. We suggest that you have to restrict the smoking of smokers at least 150 minutes in the exposed and non exposed group before COHb concentration measure in order to exclude smoking effects