De novo design of a novel AIE fluorescent probe tailored to autophagy visualization via pH manipulation

Huang Xueyan,Chen Fei,Ma Yeshuo,Zheng Fan,Fang Yanpeng,Feng Bin,Huang Shuai,Zeng Hongliang,Zeng Wenbin 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Macroautophagy is an essential cellular self-protection mechanism, and defective autophagy has been considered to contribute to a variety of diseases. During the process, cytoplasmic components are transported via autophagosomes to acidic lysosomes for metabolism and recycling, which represents application niches for lysosome-targeted fluorescent probes. Additionally, in view of the complexity of the autophagy pathway, it entails more stringent requirements for probes suitable for monitoring autophagy. Meanwhile, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probes have been impressively demonstrated in the biomedical field, which bring fascinating possibilities to the autophagy visualization.We reported a generalizable de novo design of a novel pH-sensitive AIE probe ASMP-AP tailored to lysosome targeting for the interpretation of autophagy. Firstly, the theoretical calculation was carried out followed by the investigation of optical properties. Then, the performance of ASMP-AP in visualizing autophagy was corroborated by starvation or drugs treatments. Furthermore, the capability of ASMP-AP to monitor autophagy was demonstrated in ex vivo liver tissue and zebrafish in vivo.ASMP-AP displays a large stokes shift, great cell permeability and good biocompatibility. More importantly, ASMP-AP enables a good linear response to pH, which derives from the fact that its aggregation state can be manipulated by the acidity. It was successfully applied for imaging autophagy in living cells and was proved capable of monitoring mitophagy. Moreover, this novel molecular tool was validated by ex vivo visualization of activated autophagy in drug-induced liver injury model. Interestingly, it provided a meaningful pharmacological insight that the melanin inhibitor 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU)-induced autophagy was clearly presented in wild-type zebrafish.ASMP-AP offers a simple yet effective tool for studying lysosome and autophagy. This is the first instance to visualize autophagy in zebrafish using a small-molecule probe with AIE characters, accurate lysosome targeting and simultaneous pH sensitivity. Ultimately, this novel fluorescent system has great potential for in vivo translation to fuel autophagy research.

Ratiometric and discriminative visualization of autophagic processes with a novel dual-responded lysosome-specific fluorescent probe

Fan Zheng,Yeshuo Ma,Jipeng Ding,Shuai Huang,Shengwang Zhang,Xueyan Huang,Bin Feng,Hongliang Zeng,Fei Chen,Wenbin Zeng 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Background Autophagy is a critical self-eating pathway involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Lysosomal degradation of dysfunctional organelles and invading microorganisms is central to the autophagy mechanism and essential for combating disease-related conditions. Therefore, monitoring fluctuations in the lysosomal microenvironment is vital for tracking the dynamic process of autophagy. Although much effort has been put into designing probes for measuring lysosomal viscosity or pH separately, there is a need to validate the concurrent imaging of the two elements to enhance the understanding of the dynamic progression of autophagy. Methods Probe HFI was synthesized in three steps and was developed to visualize changes in viscosity and pH within lysosomes for real-time autophagy tracking. Then, the spectrometric determination was carried out. Next, the probe was applied to image autophagy in cells under nutrient-deprivation or external stress. Additionally, the performance of HFI to monitor autophagy was employed to evaluate acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Results We constructed a ratiometric dual-responsive probe, HFI, with a large Stokes shift over 200 nm, dualwavelength emission, and small background interference. The ratiometric fluorescent signal (R = I610/I460) of HFI had an excellent correlation with both viscosity and pH. More importantly, high viscosity and low pH had a synergistic promotion effect on the emission intensity of HFI, which enabled it to specially lit lysosomes without disturbing the inherent microenvironment. We then successfully used HFI to monitor intracellular autophagy induced by starvation or drugs in real-time. Interestingly, HFI also enabled us to visualize the occurrence of autophagy in the liver tissue of a DILI model, as well as the reversible effect of hepatoprotective drugs on this event. Conclusions In this study, we developed the first ratiometric dual-responsive fluorescent probe, HFI, for real-time revealing autophagic details. It could image lysosomes with minimal perturbation to their inherent pH, allowing us to track changes in lysosomal viscosity and pH in living cells. Ultimately, HFI has great potential to serve as a useful indicator for autophagic changes in viscosity and pH in complex biological samples and can also be used to assess drug safety.

Interface Assessment를 통한 액티브 시니어의 사용자 경험 분석

황이판(Huang Yi Fan),김형우(Kim Hyung Woo) 한국스마트미디어학회 2017 스마트미디어저널 Vol.6 No.4

본 논문은 기존 노년층과는 다른 특성을 보이는 액티브 시니어의 사용자 경험 문제를 도출해 내기 위한 연구로 먼저 선행 연구 분석을 통하여 ‘Visible’, ‘Desired Outcome’, ‘Immediate Feedback’, ‘Intuitiveness’, ‘Perceived Ease of Use’의 다섯 가지 요소를 사용자 interaction의 초기단계를 이루는 요소로 추출하였고 이를 기반으로 Interface 사용 중에 사용자의 행위와 인지 내용을 분석하였 다. 이를 통해 사용과정에서 생기는 문제점을 도출하였으며, 다섯 가지 요소와 사용자의 주관 평가 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 사용자 경험의 주관 평가에는 PSSUQ를 사용하였으며 SPSS 22 버전을 사용하여 pearson 상관 분석을 실시하였다. 본 논문의 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, App 사용 시 액티브 시니어 사용자들이 겪는 가장 큰 문제는 desired outcome차원의 문제로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, interface assessment 다섯 가지 요소 중 ‘Desired Outcome’, ‘Perceived Ease of Use’ 두 가지 요소만이 PSSUQ 설문 결과와 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며 나머지 ‘Visible’, ‘Immediate Feedback’, ‘Intuitiveness’의 세 요소는 사용자의 주관 평가와 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 본 논문의 연구결과에 의하면 액티브 시니어는 기존의 노년층과는 다른 특징을 가지고 있어 Desired Outcome 과 Perceived ease of use 차원의 문제가 더 많은 영향을 미치는 요소로 볼 수 있으며 기존의 연구에서 중요한 요소로 거론한 Visible , Immediate feedback , Intuitiveness 는 명확한 상관관계가 없는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이는 기존 노년층과 달리 액티브 시니어의 경우 PC나 스마트폰 사용 경험의 누적으로 인하여 visible, immediate feedback, intuitiveness 등의 요소에 어려움을 적게 겪기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 본 논문의 연구 결과는 다양한 수요를 보이고 있는 액티브 시니어용 App의 개발에 의미 있게 활용될 것이다. Differ from elder generation, active senior possesses the active characteristics of young people. In this research, the active senior users UX problem was analyzed by Sundar s Interface Assessment . According to Interface Assessment, the user s subjective user experience in GUI interactive can be divided into five elements, which are Visible , Desired Outcome , Immediate Feedback , Intuitiveness , Perceived Ease of Use . Based on these five elements, user s behavior and perception experience during interface using were analyzed to classify UX problems. Next, Correlation Analysis was conducted to find out the relationship between the elements of Interface Assessment and user s subjective experience using PSSUQ as comparing data, and SPSS 22 version as statistic software. The result of this research was presented below: First, active senior user s biggest UX problem can be classified with Desired Outcome in App using. Second, the correlation between the two elements, ‘Desired Outcome’, ‘Perceived Ease of Use , and the PSSUQ result was statistically significant, but the correlation between the other three elements, Visible , Immediate Feedback , Intuitiveness , and the PSSUQ result were not statistically significant. According to the result, active senior users do have different characteristics compared with elder generation. The UX problems classified with Desired Outcome and Perceived ease of use apparently affect user s subjective experience, while the problems classified with Visible , Immediate feedback , Intuitiveness show no evidence in affecting user s subjective experience. This phenomenon could be explained by the cumulative effects of PC or smartphone use. Through the analysis of multiple UX elements in this paper, better App interface could be developed according to active senior s needs.

Hollow Silicon Oxide Sphere Coated with Cuprous Oxide and Polyaniline as an Anode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Meiqiang Fan,Yong Jin Zou,Hao Yin,Yan Li Huang,Chengqiao Xi,Haixin Kang,Chao Li,Jingjing Zhang,Chunju Lv,Meiqiang Fan,Zhi Chen 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.3

A hollow silicon oxide coated with cuprous oxide and polyaniline (hSiOx/Cu2O/PANI) was prepared via Stober method, magnesium reduction and chemical oxidative polymerization. The hSiOx/Cu2O/PANI (SiOx 62 wt.%, PANI 33 wt.%, Cu2O 5 wt.%) presented charge/discharge capacities of up to 2000 mAhg -1 after 60 cycles at 0.2 Ag -1 current density and higher than 880 mAhg -1 at 8 Ag -1 current density. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that the improvement was due to the nanostructure of hollow SiOx sphere coated with Cu2O and PANI, which could release high stress caused by volume expansion during the lithiation/delithiation process and had little damage to electrode materials. Cycle voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results further confirmed that Cu2O and PANI dual-coating improved reversibility and conductivity of hSiOx and prevented it to drop from the electrode surface.

중국의 인구정책 혁신: 정책흐름모형을 중심으로

황판 ( Fan Huang ),김종호 ( Jong Ho Kim ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2014 社會科學硏究 Vol.40 No.3

중국 인구정책은 세 시기로 나눌 수 있다. 즉, 계획출산정책(1953-1980), 한 자녀 산아제한정책(1981-2012), 두 자녀 산아제한정책(2013-현재)이다. 중국 산아제한정책이 만들어진 과정을 살펴보면, 정치흐름의 영향이 제일 크다. 산아제한정책으로 인한 독거노인 문제, ``소 황제``문제, 노인부양문제, 성비불균형문제 등 여러 가지 이슈가 문제의 흐름을 형성시켰다. 1980년대부터 산아제한에 대한 법적 구속력을 강화시키면서 산아정책의 흐름은 한 자녀 정 책부터 지금의 두 자녀 정책까지 발전했다. 하지만 중국의 인구정책은 여전히 제한정책이다. 산아제한정책은 중앙정부의 결심만 있으면, 수정할 수 있을 가능성이 크다. 이제는 산아제한 정책이 바뀌어야 할 시기가 되었다. 건국 후 중국은 잘못된 정치적 영향을 많이 끼쳐왔던 인구정책을 수정하기 위해 그릇된 산아제한정책을 통하여 총인 구수를 통제하여 왔다. 일련의 정책변화 과정에서 본 논문은 정책 변화에 초점을 맞추고 정책흐름모형을 통해 산아제한정책을 분석하고 중국 인구 현행 제도를 검토해봤다. 산아제한정책의 미래는 조정산아제한정책 도 있지만, 출산제한이 없는 산아정책이 존재하기도 한다는 것을 명시하고자 한다. Chinese population policy is divided into three periods. There are the plan for family policy(1953-1980), the single child family planning policy(1981-2012), and two children family planning policy(2013-now). In terms of China``s family planning policy process, the effect of political stream is the main stream. The family planning policy resulting in the actual problem of the Lost-children man, the Small-emperor, the elderly maintenance, the sex ratio imbalance and so on. The problem of these issues formed the problem stream. Since the 80``s of last century, the binding force of law of family planning to strengthen family planning policy. The family planning policy trend began to develop from one child policy, up to now the two children policy. But Chinese population policy is still restrictive policy. The family planning policy, as long as the central government has the determination, can be modified. The family planning policy need to change an the period of change is now. After the founding of the PRC, in order to form the modified effect of early wrong politics under population policy, the government adopted more wrong birth limitation policy to control the population. The change process of policy, this paper based on the family planning policy, through the analysis of the model of family planning policy and China current system. we need to know the future of the population policy is not just the adjustment of birth control policy, but also can be no constraints of the family planning policy.

Impact of a Dust Storm on Characteristics of Particle Matter (PM) in Guangzhou, China

Qi Fan,Chong Shen,Xuemei Wang,Yuan Li,Wei Huang,Guixiong Liang,Shaoyi Wang,Zhuoer Huang 한국기상학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.49 No.1

A strong dust-storm (23-25 April, 2009) occurred in the provinces of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Shanxi, North China. Cities along the storm path (from north to south: Xi’ning, Lanzhou,Chengdu, Changsha, and Guangzhou) all experienced a sharp increase in particle matter (PM10) concentration. This is the first case that an Asian dust storm hit Guangzhou in Southern China. The impacts of dust storm on the characteristics of PM were investigated using samples collected in Guangzhou during 27-29 April, 2009. In addition, the mass concentration and chemical composition during a normal non-dust period (12-14 May, 2009) were compared with those in dust period. The results show that the concentration of PM10during the dust episode (0.231 mg m−3) was twice higher than that in the non-dust episode (0.103 mg m−3). Chemical analysis showed that concentrations of metal elements, enrichment factors of metal elements, and soluble ions during the dust episode were very different from those of non-dust. The total concentration of metal elements content in PM10 was 53.5 μg m−3 in the dust episode, which is about two times higher than that in non-dust episode (28.5 μgm−3). Increases in concentrations of Na, Ti, Zn, Cu, and Cr ranged from zero to 100% during the dust episode. However, the enrichment factors in non-dust episode were higher than that in dust-storm period,indicating that the above five chemicals originated mainly from local sources in Guangzhou. The concentrations of K, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, V,and Co increased by over 100% in the dust episode, indicating their origins of remote sources. In the dust period, some water-soluble ions increased in PM10, but the main components in PM10 were SO42−,NO3− and NH4+. At last, we assessed the sources of dusts by analyzing synoptic situation and back trajectories of air mass in Guangzhou, and demonstrated that the main source of the dust storm was from Mongolia.

BRAIN POTENTIALS OF ONLINE CONTENT EMOTIONALITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Yujing Huang,Jia Jin,Hao Ding,Yizhou Shao,Bonai Fan,Qingguo Ma 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Introduction Current research investigated whether emotionality of content would facilitate the possibility to share information on social media by using event-related potentials. Theoretical development Emotionality is an excitatory state which evokes autonomic nervous system. Previous studies suggested that stimuli with high emotionality elicited increased P100/P200 amplitudes relative to stimuli with low emotionality (Huang & Luo, 2006). Research design We tested the purpose in an affective priming paradigm in which participants were exposed to online content (i.e. the prime stimulus) followed by a stimulus (i.e. the target stimuli) from International Affective Picture System. Participants were required to judge whether the target was neutral white picture. Next, a nine-point Likert scale was followed to assess the level of emotionality for online content. Result and conclusion We observed a congruency effect in the priming effect. More importantly, early brain potentials P100/P200 were higher when participants were exposed to online content with more possibility to share than online content with less possibility to share. This finding could be explained by the response level account theory (Fazio, 2001). This study provides an insight to neural mechanism underlying emotionality of online content.

A Human Case of Lumbosacral Canal Sparganosis in China

Jian-Feng Fan,Sheng Huang,Jing Li,Ren-Jun Peng,He Huang,Xi-Ping Ding,Li-Ping Jiang,Jian Xi 대한기생충학열대의학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.59 No.6

Exosomes from CIITA-Transfected CT26 Cells Enhance Anti-tumor Effects

Fan, Wen,Tian, Xing-De,Huang, E.,Zhang, Jia-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Aim: To study anti-tumor effects of exosomes from class II transactivator (CIITA) gene transfected CT26 cells. Methods: In this study, we established an MHC class II molecule-expressing murine colon cancer cell line (CT26-CIITA) by transduction of the CIITA gene. Immune effects in vitro and tumor protective results in vivo were tested and monitored. Results: Exosomes from CT26-CIITA cells were found to contain a high level of MHC class II protein. When loaded on dendritic cells (DCs), exosomes from CT26-CIITA cells significantly increased expression of MHC class II molecules, CD86 and CD80, as compared to exosomes from CT26 cells. In vitro assays using co-culture of immunized splenocytes and exosome-loaded DCs demonstrated that CIITA-Exo enhanced splenocyte proliferation and IFN-${\gamma}$ production of CD4+T cells, while inhibiting IL-10 secretion. In addition, compared to exosomes from CT26 cells, CT26-CIITA-derived exosomes induced higher TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-12 mRNA levels. A mouse tumour preventive model showed that CT26-CIITA derived exosomes significantly inhibited tumour growth in a dose-dependent manner and significantly prolonged the survival time of tumour-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that CT26-CIITA-released exosomes are more efficient to induce anti-tumour immune responses, suggesting a potential role of MHC class II-containing tumour exosomes as cancer vaccine candidates.

Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on kernel density estimation and Kullback-Leibler divergence

Fan Zhang,Yu Liu,Chujie Chen,Yanfeng Li,Hong-Zhong Huang 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.11

Based on kernel density estimation (KDE) and Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLID), a new data-driven fault diagnosis method is proposedfrom a statistical perspective. The ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) together with the Hilbert transform is employedto extract 95 time- and frequency-domain features from raw and processed signals. The distance-based evaluation approach isused to select a subset of fault-sensitive features by removing the irrelevant features. By utilizing the KDE, the statistical distribution ofselected features can be readily estimated without assuming any parametric family of distributions; whereas the KLID is able to quantifythe discrepancy between two probability distributions of a selected feature before and after adding a testing sample. An integrated Kullback-Leibler divergence, which aggregates the KLID of all the selected features, is introduced to discriminate various faultmodes/damage levels. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated via the case studies of fault diagnosis for bevel gearsand rolling element bearings, respectively. The observations from the case studies show that the proposed method outperforms the supportvector machine (SVM)-based and neural network-based fault diagnosis methods in terms of classification accuracy. Additionally,the influences of the number of selected features and the training sample size on the classification performance are examined by a set ofcomparative studies.