Free Paper Session : Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 1 ; Prevalence And Risk Factors For Atrophic Gastritis And Intestinal Metaplasia

( Na Young Kim ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Joo Sung Kim ),( Hyun Chae Jung ),( In Sung Song ),( Kyung Phil Kang ),( Jung Hoon Lee ),( Jae Il Chung ),( Hyun Cheul Choi ),( Taek Man Nam ),( Sang Hyup Lee ),( Yo 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: The prevalence of gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is high in Korea. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence rate of atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) and their risk factors in the aspect of Hp virulence factors, environmental and host factors in normal population. Methods: The subjects consisted of 389, 135 H. pylori-negative and 254 H. pylori-positive. AG and IM were scored histologically by the Sydney classification in the antrum and body, respectively. Prevalence rate and bacterial factors such as cagA, vacA m1, m2, and oipA; environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking; host factors such as genetic polymorphisms for IL-IB-511, IL-IRN, TNF-A, IL-10-592, IL-10-819, IL-10-1082, IL-8-251, IL-6-572, GSTP1, and p53 codon 72 were evaluated. Risk factors were calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of AG increased from 25%, 0% in the age of 20s, 45% and 22% in the 40s and 50% and 35% in the over 70s in the antrum and body, respectively (p<0.001). In case of IM it increased from 11.1% and 6.4% in the 30s up to 43% and 43% in over 70s in the antrum and body, respectively, (p<0.001). The positive rates of AG and IM were significantly higher in the Hp-positive than in the Hp-negative subjects. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for AG were Hp infection, age ≥60, cagA and vacA m1 positive. In case of IM the risk factors were Hp infection, age ≥60, smoking, spicy food, occupation (unemployed or non professional vs. professional), IL6-572 G carrier over C/C and IL10-592 C/A vs. A/A. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of AG and IM increased proportional to age. The most risk factor for AG and IM was Hp infection. Bacterial factors were important for AG but environmental and host factors were rather important in case of IM.

Comparison of Cytokine and Nitric Oxide Induction in Murine Macrophages between Whole Cell and Enzymatically Digested Bifidobacterium sp. Obtained from Monogastric Animals

Dong Woon Kim,Sung Back Cho,Hyun Jeong Lee,Wan Tae Chung,Kyoung Hoon Kim,Jong Hwangbo,In Sik Nam,Young Il Cho,양만표,Il Byung Chung 한국미생물학회 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.4

The principal objective of this study was to compare the effects of whole and hydrolyzed cells(bifidobacteria) treated with gastrointestinal digestive enzymes on the activation of cloned macrophages. Seven different strains of Bifidobacterium obtained from swine, chickens, and rats, were digested with pepsin followed by pancreatin and the precipitate (insoluble fraction) and supernatant (soluble fraction) obtained via centrifugation. The RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were incubated with either whole cells, the precipitate, or supernatant at various concentrations. Pronounced increases in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were observed in the whole cells and precipitates, but these effects were less profound in the supernatants. The precipitates also evidenced a slight, but significant, inductive activity for NO and all tested cytokines, with the exception of TNF-α in the macrophage model as compared with the whole cells. By way of contrast, TNF-α production when cultured with whole cells (100 ng/ml) resulted in marked increases as compared with what was observed with the precipitates. The results of this study indicated, for the first time, that digested Bifidobacterium sp. can induce the production of NO and several cytokines in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. In the current study, it was demonstrated that Bifidobacterium strains treated with digestive enzymes, as compared with whole cells, are capable of stimulating the induction of macrophage mediators, which reflects that they may be able to modulate the gastrointestinal immune functions of the host.

Comparison of Cytokine and Nitric Oxide Induction in Murine Macrophages between Whole Cell and Enzymatically Digested Bifidobacterium sp. Obtained from Monogastric Animals

Kim, Dong-Woon,Cho, Sung-Back,Lee, Hyun-Jeong,Chung, Wan-Tae,Kim, Kyoung-Hoon,HwangBo, Jong,Nam, In-Sik,Cho, Yong-Il,Yang, Mhan-Pyo,Chung, Il-Byung The Microbiological Society of Korea 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.4

The principal objective of this study was to compare the effects of whole and hydrolyzed cells (bifidobacteria) treated with gastrointestinal digestive enzymes on the activation of cloned macrophages. Seven different strains of Bifidobacterium obtained from swine, chickens, and rats, were digested with pepsin followed by pancreatin and the precipitate (insoluble fraction) and supernatant (soluble fraction) obtained via centrifugation. The RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were incubated with either whole cells, the precipitate, or supernatant at various concentrations. Pronounced increases in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ were observed in the whole cells and precipitates, but these effects were less profound in the supernatants. The precipitates also evidenced a slight, but significant, inductive activity for NO and all tested cytokines, with the exception of $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ in the macrophage model as compared with the whole cells. By way of contrast, $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ production when cultured with whole cells (100 ng/ml) resulted in marked increases as compared with what was observed with the precipitates. The results of this study indicated, for the first time, that digested Bifidobacterium sp. can induce the production of NO and several cytokines in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. In the current study, it was demonstrated that Bifidobacterium strains treated with digestive enzymes, as compared with whole cells, are capable of stimulating the induction of macrophage mediators, which reflects that they may be able to modulate the gastrointestinal immune functions of the host.

외측 미칩 갑상선에서 발생하여 다발성 전이로 발현된 유두상 갑상선암 1예

천남일,이창훈,홍세인,정진욱,윤인석,조동혁,강호철,정동진,정민영 대한내분비학회 2001 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.16 No.4-5

비정형 기관지 유암종에 의한 이소성 ACTH 증후군 1례

이창훈,천남일,홍세인,정진욱,윤인석,조동혁,강호철,정동진,정민영 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

NOD/SCID 마우스 모델을 이용한 인간 제대혈 혼합이식에서의 생착 양상 분석

정양조,김동욱,조빈,강영주,박보배,김혜정,김태규,오일환 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2002 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.7 No.2

연구배경: 제대혈은 골수에 비해 많은 장점을 가지고 있음에도, 이식 후 성적에 있어 총세포수에 의해 좌우되며, 한 개의 태반으로부터 얻을 수 있는 총세포수의 한계가 있어 주로 소아에 국한되고 있다. 따라서 제대혈 응용의 확대를 위해 생착량을 늘이기 위한 방법으로 다중공여자에 의한 제대혈 혼합이식을 늘일 수 있는지 연구하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 주조직적합성 형별로 조합된 제대혈을 NOD/ SCID 생쥐에 이식하는 방법으로, 혼합생착의 가능성을 연구하였다. 방법: 조합된 2개 공여자로부터 얻어진 제대혈들을 단일이식 및 혼합이식하여, 혼합이식된 숙주에 생착된 세포를 PCR-SSOP 방법을 사용하여 공여자 별로 추적하였다. 또한 각 공여자세포의 상대적 생착비율을 대조군인 단일제대혈 이식에서 얻어진 생착량과 비교하는 정량적 비교도 함께 하였다. 결과: 총단핵구를 혼합이식한 실험군에서는 주조직적합성의 일치도에 관계없이 한쪽공여자의 세포가 다른쪽에 비해 우세한 편향생착을 보였다. 그러나 임파구를 비롯한 Lineage 양성세포를 제거한 실험군에서는 주조직적합성의 불일치에도 불구하고 뚜렸한 생착의 공존이 관찰되었다. 결론: 본 연구는 제대혈의 생착량을 증가를 목적으로 총단핵구를 혼합이식할 경우 한쪽공여자의 세포에 의해 편중되며, 이것을 이식 후 생착과정에서의 두 종류의 세포의 경쟁에 의해 초래된다는 것을 보이고 있다. 또한 이러한 경쟁은 제대혈에 포함되어 있던 임파구들에 의한 것이며, 생착공존을 위하여는 공여자간 주조직적합성의 일치도 보다, 임파구의 제거가 더 중요하다는 것을 보여주고 있다. Background: Although umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been an attractive alternatives for bone marrow cells, application is limited to pediatric case due to limitation in total number of nucleated cells, that is a single most important factor for outcomes of UCB transplantation. Therefore, increasing overall engraftment by mixed transplantation of UCB derived from multiple donor should comprise one strategy to circumvent the posed limitation of UCB transplantation. In order to investigate the feasibility of establishing co-engraftment by multi-donor UCB cells, we carried out a xenotransaplantation study using NOD/SCID mice for systemic analysis of results on the input-based control of single unit transplantation. Methods: UCB units with various extent of HLA-matchings were co-transplanted into NOD/SCID mice along with single unit transplantation control. The relative contributions of engraftment by cells from each donor-derived were analyzed by HLA polymorphism using PCR-SSOP. Results: In all HLA-based mixed transplantation of total nucleated UCB cells, engraftment of one donor predominated over the other despite that equivalent amount of engraftments were achieved by single donor transplantation. When lineage depleted UCB units were co-transplanted, significant degree of co-engraftments were observed regardless of HLA disparity. Conclusion: Our result show that one donor cells dominate over the other in mixed UCB transplantation and that it is due to competition between donor cells during post-transplantation process. Our results suggest that immune cells contained in UCB unit mediate such competitioin and that 6 locus HLA matching would not be sufficient to prevent the competition.

『黃老帛書』硏究

鄭日童 水原大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

특수교육 요구아동 출현율 조사 연구

정동영,김형일,정동일 국립특수교육원 2001 연구보고서 Vol.- No.1

이 연구는 특수교육 요구아동의 출현율을 조사하여 그들의 수를 추정하고 그들의 교육장면 및 교육요구를 분석하여 특별한 욕구를 지닌 아동의 교육권 및 학습권을 보장하는데 필요한 합리적인 특수교육 정척 및 지원대책의 수립을 위한 기초자료를 확보하는데 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 이 연구는 목적의 달성을 위해 특수교육 요구아동의 장애범주와 분류기준을 정의하고, 전국 16개 시·도의 180개 모든 지역교육청에서 각각 1개씩 180개의 초등학교 학구를 선정하여 그 학구 내에 거주하고 있는 6세부터 11세 사이의 아등 4,089,429명 가운데서 144,917명을 표본으로 추출하여 장애발견검사·장애선별검사·장애진단검사및 특수교육요구평가라는 네 단계의 평가를 통해 특수교육 요구아동을 진단'평가하여 그들의 춘현을을 산출하고 그들의 교육장면과 교육요구를 분석하였다. 연구의 결과 우리 나라의 6~ll세 특수교육 요구아동의 출현율은 2.71%로 나타났으며, 장애범주별 출현을은 시각장애 0.03%, 청각장애 0.06%, 정신지체 0.83%, 지체부자유 0.19%, 정서·행동장애 0.15%, 자폐성 발달장애 0.15%, 언어장애 0.05%, 중복장애아동 0.01%, 건강장애0.07%, 학습장애아동 1.17%로 나타났고, 이들의 교육장면은 61.25%가 일반학급, 21.78%가 특수학급, 10.43%가 특수학교이며, 그 나머지 6.54%는 재택교육 등의 기타 지원을 받는 장면에 배치되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 특수교육 요구아등은 사회적 편견과 차별의 해소를 요구하며, 일한학급에서 특별한 욕구에 대한 지원의 제공을 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 연구의 결과를 토대로 내린 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2001년 현재 우리 나라의 6~ll세 초등학교 학령아동 중에서 특수교육 요구아동은 학습장애아동이 47,771명, 정선지체아동이 34,026명, 지체부자유아등이 7,690명, 자폐성 발달장애아동이 6,234명, 정서·행동장애아동이 6,114명, 건강장애아동이 2,824명, 언어장애아동이 1,975명, 청각장애아동이 2,324명, 시각장애아동이 1,364명, 중복장애아동이 317명으로 모두 110,369명으로 추정된다. 따라서 이들은 모두 장애범주별 특성과 그들의 교육요구에 따라 적철한 특수교육적 지원을 제공받아야 하는 아동이 된다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 우리 나라의 초등학교과정의 특수교육 요구아동 중에서 특수학교나 특수학급에 배치되어 있는 아동은 32% 정도이고 그 2배인 61% 정도는 일반학급에 배치되어 있으며, 가정·시설·병원 등에서 재택교육 등의 기타 지원을 받고 있는 아동도 6.5%인 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 특수교육 요구아동의 교육권과 학습권의 보장을 위해서는 재택교육 등의 기타지원을 받고 있는 특수교육 요구아동에 대한 대책의 마련과 더불어 일반학급 내에 배치되어 있는 특수교육 요구아동에 게한 지원대책을 시급히 마련해야 할 것이다. 셋째, 현재 특수교육 요구아동이면서도 특수교육을 받고 있지 않는 아동은 대부분 특수교육을 받는 경우 주변으로부터 받게 될 냉대나 차별 때문에 특수교육을 회피하고, 특수교육대상자로 선정되는 경우도 기피하고 있다. 그러므로 모든 특수교육 요구아동이 특수교육을 기본적인 권리로 요구하고, 이들에게 적절한 특수교육을 제공하는 정의로운 사회의 실현을 위해서는 무엇보다도 먼저 특수교육 요구아동에 대한 사회적 편견과 차별을 철폐하는 일을 우선해야 한다고 할 수 있다. 그리고, 특수교육 요구아동이 가장 요구하는 교육장면은 일반학급이며 특수교육 요구아동의 부모는 대부분 자녀의 능력 부족과 문제 때문에일반학급에서 제대로 교육을 받지 못하고 있다고 인식하고 있다. 그러나 교육을 받을 권리는 아동의 능력 정도와 관계없이 보장해야 하는 과제이다. 이는 교육은 교육을 받는 개인의 문제나 책임이 아니라 교육을 제공하는 국가나 학교의 책임이라는 의미이다. 그러므로특수교육 요구아동의 교육은 능력과 관련되는 개인의 문제라는 관점보다는 이들도 당연히교육을 받아야 하며, 교육을 받는데 필요한 지원을 당연히 요구할 권리를 지니고 있다고인정하고 지원해야 할 것이다. 이것이 현대 국가의 의무요 책무이다. 이상에서와 같이 우리 나라의 특수교육 요구아동의 출현율은 2.71%로 4백여만명의 6~11세의 초등학교 학령아동 중에 11만여명의 특수교육 요구아동이 있는 것으로 추정되고있다. 그러나 현재 특수학교(급)에서 특수교육을 받고 있는 특수교육 요구아동은 32% 정도이고 이들의 61% 이상은 일반학급에 속해 있으며, 6.5% 정도는 가정·병원·시설 등에서 기타 지원을 받고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 특수교육 요구아동에 대한 적절한 특수교육 대책의 마련을 위해서는 전 국민을 대상으로 하는 장애아동과 특수교육에 대한 이해교육을 강화하여 특수교육 요구아동에 대한 편견을 해소하고, 현재 적절한 특수교육의 혜택을 받지 못하고 있는 일반학급 내의 특수교육 요구아동에 대한 교육대책 즉, 통합교육의 대책과기타 지원을 받고 있는 아동에 대한 대책을 마련해야 하며, 이들의 교육권 및 학습권 보장을 위해 특수교육대상자의 선정체제 및 특수교육의 전달체제를 개선하고, 특수교육에 대한지원을 대폭 확대해야 한다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to establish the basic data bank to develop effecrtive special education policies and suppon system for students with special needs by surveyig prevalence of disabilities, estimating the number of children with special needs, and analyzing their educational setting and needs. To accomplish the purpose, this study a) defined the categories and concept of the disabilities, b) selected one elementary school district each fron 180 regional educational districts of 16 cities or provinces in Korea, c) seleoed 144,917 children among 4,089,429 children from age 6 through 11by cluster sampling, d) computed prevalence by assessing children with special needs through the four-level assessment whirh consists of deteoion test, screening test, and diagnosis test of disabilities and evaluation of special education needs. The results revealed that prevalence of children with special needs from age 6 through 11 is 2.71%. Prevalence by categories of disabilities is as follows; vision impairment 0.03%, hearing impairment 0.06%, mental retardation 0.83%, physical disabilities 0.19%, emotionalㆍbehavioraldisorder 0.15%, autistic spectrum disorder 0.15%, language impairments 0.05%, multiple disabilities 0.01%, heal impairment 0.07%, learning disabilities 1.17%. As for the educational settings for the children wilh disabilities, 61.25% of them are plated in regular classes, 21.78% in special classesand 10.43% in special schools. It is also revealed that students with special needs demand to dissolve social prejudice and discrimination and to be provided with suppon to address diffculties in regular classes. The conclusions acquired fiom this study are as follows. First, it is estimated that presently in 2001, 110,639 children among school age children, fiom age 6 to 11, require special education including 47,771 children with learning disabilities, 34,026 children with mental retardation, 7,690 children wit rhysical impairments, 6,234 children with autistic srectnun disorder, 6,114 children with emotional·behavioral disorder, 2,824 children with health impairments, 1,975 children with language disorder, 2,324 children with hearing impairment, 1,364 children with vision impairment,317 children with multiple disabilities. They totaled to 110,f39 children. They are children who are eligible for appropriate educational suppon according to the categories of disability and their educational needs, Secondly, 31% of elementary school children with special education needs are placed in special classes or special srhools. Almost a double number of children, 61% of thenm, are placed in regular classes and 6% of them receive home-bound educational suppon at home, institutions, or hospitals. Thereflre, to assure the rights to education for children with special needs, measures to supper children who rereive home-bound education and children with special needs who are plared in regular classes should be promptly cstablished. Thirdly, social prejudice or discrimination cause some children to avoid receiving special education and even to avoid being selected as one of special education population. To actualize the sociery of justice where all children with special needs claim special education as a basic right and they areprovided with appropriate education, the uppermost priority should be given to eliminating social prejudice and discrimination against children with special needs. Though most children with special needs require regular class placement, their parents perceive the children cannot benefit in the regular class seuing due to their disabilities. However, rights to education should be guaranteed regardless of disabilities. It means that education is not individual's responsibility but the resronsibility of srhools or the government. Thereffre, education for children with special needs should be understood and actualited in terms of natural rights rather than individual conditions related to the lack of required abilities. The rights to education shctlld be adrnowledged and implemented as responsibility of a modern country. Summing up the results, it is estimated that there are 4 million children with special needs among school age children, age 6 to 11, with 2.71% of prevalence of children with special needs. 61% of them are plated in regular classes with no proper support. To provide all children with special needs with appropriate education, preiudice against them should be eliminated by reinforcing the understanding of children with special needs and sperial educarion. Measures should be developed to suppou the children in inclusive classrooms, and rights to education should be guaranteed by improving screening system and delivery system of special education. Overall support for special education should be extended substantially.

합병증이 동반된 Meckel씨 게실 2례 보고

정병욱,박동일,이준희,서정욱,원유홍,김웅,신현종,권영무 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

합병증이 동반된 Meckel씨 게실을 가진 환자의 치료에 대한 필요성은 과정이 문제이다. 하지만 우연히 만나는 게실의 처치는 논란 중이다. 부수적인 게실 절제술(incidental diverticulectomy)의 제안자는 증상이 있는 게실의 외과적 처치는 중요한 이환 및 사망률은 지적한다. 이를 반대하는 사람들은 전 생애를 통해 합병증의 위험성이 낮게 나타나므로 필요가 없다고한다. 게실의 예방적 제거는 개복술시 우연히 발견 될 때 시행한다. 이는 남아있는 게실이 나중에 합병증을 일으키는 것보다 술후 합병증의 위험성이 매우 적음을 알 수 있다. 저자들은 합병증이 동반된 Meckel씨 게실 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 더불어 보고하는 바이다. The necessity for therapy with complicated Meckel's diverticular is a matter of course.However, management of the incidentally encountered diverticulum is controversial. Proponents of incidental diverticulectomy point to the significant morbidity and mortality rates of surgical treatment of symptomatic divenicular. Other authors base their opposition to incidental diveniculectomy on the low risk of complications developing during lifetime. Prophyillctic removal of the diveniculum is indicated when it is found incidentally at laparotomy, because there are few postoperative complications and the risk exists that the remaining diverticulum may be the cause of later complication. The 2 cases of complicated Meckel's diverticulum are reported with a brief review of literature.

Study on Flow Pattern According to Rotor Design Parameter of Sewage Sludge Solid Fuel Crusher

Il‑Kab Jeong,Dong‑Myung Lee,임진택,서형윤,Chung‑Gil Kang 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

In coal-fred power plants, approximately 5% of sewage sludge solid fuel mixed with coal is used as power generation fuel for environmental protection and global warming prevention. The co-fring method needs a sewage sludge solid fuel crusher that can crush sewage sludge solid fuel to generate a fne powder. This study aims to determine the size of the rotor perpendicular plate hole that can minimize accumulation of the crushed fuel in the roller type sewage sludge solid fuel crusher to be used in the co-fring method. The range of the design parameters for optimization of the rotor perpendicular plate hole is selected and make an orthogonal array table according to design of experiments. The CFD is performed to analyze efect of design parameters according to an orthogonal array table. In addition, the dimension of the rotor perpendicular plate hole that can minimize accumulation of the fuel inside the crusher is drawn using the Multi-objective optimization method.