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수령독재 하에서 권력과 이권을 둘러싼 갈등 동학 그리고 장성택 숙청
박형중 ( Hyeong Jung Park ),최대석 ( Dae Seok Choe ),김학성 ( Hank Sung Kim ),박영자 ( Young Ja Park ),장인숙 ( In Suk Jang ) 북한연구학회 2014 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.18 No.1
수령독재 하에서는 수령 지위를 차지하고자 하는 권력 투쟁은 존재하지 않는다. 그러나 수평적으로 주요 기관과 엘리트 개인의 권력과 이권의 지분을 확대하기 위한 경쟁이 존재한다. 이러한 경쟁은 수령에 대한 ‘충성경쟁’이라는 외피를 갖는다. 권력 세습 기간 동안 이러한 경쟁이 현저히 증가한다. 권력 세습은 수령독재가 기반하는 통치연합을 재편성하는 과정이기 때문이다. 김정일에서 김정은으로의 권력 세습 과정에서 기관과 엘리트 사이에 권력 및 이권 관련경쟁에서 두 가지가 두드러지게 나타났다. 그 하나는 권력 세습 과정에서의 주도적 세력이 되고자 하는 경쟁 즉 후견권을 둘러싼 경쟁이다. 그 다른 하나는 기관별로 권력과 이권의 지분을 확대하기 위한 경쟁이다. 장성택은 이 두 가지 경쟁에서 모두 주역이었다. 그의 숙청도 이와 관련되어 있었다. Under the Suryong dictatorship, by definition, there is no political completion for Suryong`s status. There are, however, horizontal competitions to expand power and interest carried out by major power organizations and elites. Apparently they are loyalty competition devoted to the Suryong. During the power succession, as the ruling coalition is reconstructed, they intensify themselves. Two features have been pronounced during the hereditary succession from Kim Jong-il to Kim Jong-un in regard to competition for power and interest among power organizations and elites: the one is the competition for regency, i.e. to advance oneself as the dominant force in the promotion of the power succession; the other is the competition for increasing share of power and interest by power organizations and elites. Jang Sung-taek has stood in the center of these two competitions and he was purge thereof.
단상 유도형 동기 전동기(LSPM)의 특성해석에 관한 연구
정대성,김승주,이진헌,최재학,이주,Jung, Dae-Sung,Kim, Seung-Ju,Lee, Jin-Hun,Choi, Jae-Hak,Lee, Ju 한국조명전기설비학회 2007 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3
가전분야에서의 전동기 효율향상을 통한 에너지 소비절감 효과는 상당히 크지만 이를 위한 전동기의 설계/해석 기술 확보가 아직은 미흡한 상태이다. 이에 따라 유도형 동기전동기가 제안되었지만, 유도형 동기 전동기는 유도전동기와 통기전동기의 특성을 동시에 가지고 있어, 해석 및 설계가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 냉장고 압축기용 전동기인 단상유도전동기를 대처할 수 있는 단상 유도형 동기전동기를 이용해 파라미터에 따라 특성이 어떻게 바뀌는가에 대해 서술하였다. 그에 따라 단상유도전동기의 정상상태 특성을 해석하고 제안모델의 성능을 기존모델과 비교하고 실험하여 해석결과의 신뢰성을 검증한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 제안모델의 기존 고정자 형상이나 권선 스팩을 유지하고 회전자의 형상이나 구조만을 변경시켜 성능향상을 도모하였다. 해석방법으로는 전자장 수치 해석적인 방법으로 널리 이용되고 있는 유한요소법(Finite Element Method : FEM)을 이용하였다. Electric motor efficient improvement from home appliance field is important to the effect reducing the energy consumption. But the electric motor design/analysis technology is still insufficient. Specially the electric motor design/analysis technology of satisfying characteristic of both the induction motor and the synchronous motor such as Line start permanent motor. Therefore the electric motor design/analysis technology is urgently demanded reliability. This paper proposes the sing1e-phase line-start permanent magnet motor to develop the motor it with be able to alternate the sing-phase induction motor it is a refrigerator compressor motor. The sing-phase induction motor is analyzed in the steady state. And we have a certification test to compare our single-phase line-start permanent magnet motor with the sing-phase induction motor. In order to improve the performance, the stator of the single-phase line-start permanent magnet motor is same as the stator of the sing-phase induction motor and changes the rotor form and has the permanent magnet. It used the Finite Element Method(FEM) which is widely used with electronic-magnetic field numerical analysis method.
JUNG, Ji-Youn,KIM, Sang-Ki,KIM, Byeong-Soo,LEE, Seung-Ho,PARK, Young-Seok,KIM, So-Jung,CHOI, Changsun,YOON, Seong-Il,KIM, Jong-Suk,CHO, Sung-Dae,IM, Gwang-Jin,LEE, Soo-Min,JUNG, Ji-Won,LEE, Yong-Soon Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2008 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.70 No.11
<P>Mirodenafil (SK3530) is a new potent and selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that mirodenafil is an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction. Its mechanism of action is enhancement of nitric oxide (NO) induced cGMP formation resulting in significant relaxation of the corpus cavernosum (CC). The aim of this study was to investigate the oral efficacy of mirodenafil in an acute spinal cord-injured rabbit model. Mirodenafil or sildenafil citrate was given orally to male rabbits with a surgical transection of the spinal cord at the L2-L4 lumbar vertebra or ischemic-reperfusion spinal cord injury (SCI). Erections were evaluated in a time-course manner by measuring the length of the uncovered penile mucosa. In the transection SCI model, penile erections were induced at 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg of mirodenafil but sildenafil only showed an erectile response at 3 mg/kg. The effects of 1 and 3 mg/kg of mirodenafil were significantly increased by intravenous injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor. In the ischemic-reperfusion injury model, 3 mg/kg of either mirodenafil or sildenafil produced a penile erection response. After injection of SNP, the lengths of immediate penile erections were significantly increased in the 1 and 3 mg/kg mirodenafil and 3 mg/kg sildenafil groups. The onset of erectile activity was faster with mirodenafil than with sildenafil citrate. These results demonstrate that mirodenafil may be useful for treating erectile dysfunction in patients with a spinal cord injury.</P>
Symptomatic pheochromocytoma with normal urinary catecholamine levels
( Jung Re Yu ),( Mi Yeon Kim ),( Gil Myeong Seong ),( Woo Seong Jeong ),( Sang Ah Lee ),( Dae Ho Lee ),( Gwan Pyo Koh ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
A 53-year old female presented with headache, sweating and chest discomport. On admission, she showed a left adrenal mass on CT scan. Repeated measurements of 24-hour urinary fractionated metanephrines, total catecholamines, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and plasma catecholamine were within normal range. Scintigraphic 131I-MIBG revealed selective concentration of the radiotracer, corresponding to the CT mass. Plasma and urine catecholamine levels were within normal range even during paroxysmal episodes. Successful surgical excision of the tumor was performed and the pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma with a 2.3cm sized solid tumor. This is a rare case of a symptomatic pheochromocytoma without elevated catecholamine and its metabolite levels. Our case illustrates that in all patients with high clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma, a routine nuclear scintigraphy should be performed even in the setting of normal biochemical testing.
Inter-Rater Reliability of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurements in a Multicenter Cohort Study
( Jung Hyun Lee ),( Dong Phil Choi ),( Jee Seon Shim ),( Dae Jung Kim ),( Sung Ha Park ),( Hyeon Chang Kim ) 한국보건정보통계학회 2016 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.41 No.1
Objectives: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the presence of carotid artery plaque are widely used as preclinical markers of atherosclerosis. Due to operator dependency in measuring CIMT, it is important to evaluate the reliability of measuring CIMT and plaque between centers in a multicenter study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of CIMT and plaque presence among three clinical centers of the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center (CMERC). Methods: Twenty people without known cardiovascular disease (age 37-64) were enrolled during 2014-2015, and their left and right carotid arteries were examined repeatedly with ultrasonography for CIMT measurements at three clinical centers according to a predetermined protocol. Maximum and mean values of CIMT at distal common carotid artery were recorded. Plaque presence at a carotid artery was checked by an operator. The reliability of CIMT and carotid plaque presence was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa statistics, respectively. Results: Calculated ICC was 0.647 (95% CI: 0.487-0.779) for maximum CIMT, and 0.758 (95% CI: 0.632-0.854) for mean CIMT. In Bland Altman plot, most observed values were distributed within mean difference ±1.96 SD ranges. Kappa statistics of plaque presence between two centers were 0.304 (center 1 and 2), 0.507 (center 1 and 3), and 0.606 (center 2 and 3), respectively, while Fleiss kappa for overall agreement was 0.445. Conclusions: The inter-rater reliability of CIMT measurements among three clinical centers turned out to be high, and the agreement of measuring carotid plaque presence was fair.
( Dae Hoe Ku ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Han Ah Lee ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Sang Jun Suh ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Hyunggin An ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eu 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Although most widely used method for diagnosis of sarcopenia is measurement of skeletal muscle index (SMI), several studies suggested that psoas muscle thickness per height (PMTH) is also effective for detecting sarcopenia and predicting prognosis in cirrhotic patients. This study was performed to evaluate optimal cutoffs of PMTH for detecting sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients. Methods: All cirrhotic patients who underwent abdominal CT scan including L3 and umbilical levels. Skeletal muscle area at the L3 level was measured with ImageJ software and then normalized by height squared to give the SMI. In addition, transverse psoas muscle thickness was measured at the umbilicus level and then normalized by height to give the PMTH. Three kinds of definition of sarcopenia was used as follows: (1) sex-specific cutoffs of SMI (Ł52.4 cm2/m2 in men and Ł38.5 cm2/m2 in women), SMI-sarcopenia; (2) sex-specific cutoffs of PMTH (<17.3 mm/m in men and <10.4 mm/m in women), SsPMTH- sarcopenia; and (3) sex-nonspecific cutoff of PMTH (<16 mm/m), SnPMTH-sarcopenia. Results: Six-hundred fifty-three patients were included. Age was 53.6±10.2 years and 499 patients (76.4%) were men. PMTH was well correlated with SMI (P<0.001 in both men and women). AUCs of PMTH for predicting sarcopenia by SMI was 0.779 and 0.842, and the best cutoff values of PMTH for predicting SMI-sarcopenia were 17.3 mm/m and 10.4 mm/m in men and women, respectively. Among all included patients, 230 (35.2%) and 280 (44.4%) patients were diagnosed as SsPMTH-sarcopenia and SnPMTH-sarcopenia, respectively. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, SsPMTH-sarcopenia (HR, 1.944; 95% CI, 1.144-3.304; P=0.014) were significantly associated with mortality, while SnPMTH-sarcopenia was not (HR, 1.446; 95% CI, 0.861-2.431; P=0.164). Conclusions: PMTH was well correlated with SMI in cirrhotic patients. SsPMTH-sarcopenia was independent predictor of mortality in these patients and more accurately predicted mortality compared to SnPMTH-sarcopenia.