2007년 대한감염학회 권장 성인 예방접종 권장안

강진한,김홍빈,손장욱,이상오,정문현,정희진,최영화,최정현,최준용,최희정 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.1

In 2007, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases recommended an immunization schedule for adults residing in Korea. This recommendation includes four categories: standard immunization for healthy persons, supplementary immunization for persons with underlying illnesses, recommendations for health-care personnel and for international travelers. The Standard Immunization Schedule consists of universal vaccination (tetanus-diphtheria/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Td/Tdap); hepatitis A vaccine for persons aged 20s; human papilloma virus vaccine for women under 26 years old; meningococcal vaccine for military recruits and college students in dormitories; influenza vaccination for persons aged 50 years or more and pregnant women; and pneumococcal vaccination for persons aged 65 years or more) and catch-up vaccination (hepatitis A vaccine for persons aged 30s; hepatitis B vaccine, varicella and MMR vaccines for persons who have uncertain specific immunities). The Supplementary Immunization Schedule recommends 4 vaccines, i.e., pneumococcal, influenza, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b, appropriate to the underlying illnesses, and confirmation of the presence of antibodies to hepatitis A and hepatitis B. The Recommendation for Health-Care Personnel includes universal vaccination (influenza and pertussis) and catch-up vaccination (hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella and varicella for seronegative health-care personnel). The Recommended Immunization for International Travelers focuses reinforcement of vaccinations for healthy persons and includes certain immunizations necessary for international travel (yellow fever, meningococcal, plaque, tick-borne encephalitis, and cholera). These guidelines can be seen at www.ksid.or.kr.

해양공간 정책시뮬레이션 기술 개발 - 현황 및 도전과제

조성진(Sung-Jin Cho),강전영(Jeon-Young Kang),박재영(Jaeyoung Park),최희정(Hee-Jung Choi),남정호(Jungho Nam) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2021 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.5

“실제로 존재하지 않는 대상을 존재하는 것처럼 만들어 놓은 인공물"을 뜻하는 라틴어 '시뮬라크르(simulacre)'에서 파생된 시뮬레이션(simulation)은, 복잡한 문제를 해석하기 위해서 실제와 비슷한 상태(시스템)를 모델로서 구현하고, 반복 연산을 통해 최적해를 찾는 과정을 뜻한다(Baudrillard, 1994). 전통적인 분석적 방법론(analytical method)은 계수 추정을 통해서 특정 시점의 두 변수, 즉 독립변수와 종속변수의 상관성을 규명하는데 반해, 시뮬레이션 방법론(simulation method)은 현상의 재현을 통해서 과정을 파악하는데 목적을 둔다. 이러한 특징으로 말미암아 시뮬레이션 기법은 문제의 최적해보다 현상의 규명에 더 적합한 방법론이다. 자연계 (nature system)의 문제(가령, 산사태의 발생원인)는 요인들 간 단순하고 명확한 관계에 의해서 정의되지만, 인간계(human system)의 문제(가령, 부동산 가격상승의 원인)는 비교적 복잡하고 불명확한 관계에 의해서 규정된다. 따라서 주로 인간관계에서 비롯되는 사회 문제를 해결하기 위한 수단으로써 정책은 시뮬레이션 기술을 적용하기에 적합한 대상이다. 일반적으로 정책은 결과 못지않게 과정도 중요하며(당위성), 현재·미래 문제를 포괄하고, 긍정적·부정적 효과(양면성)를 함께 고려하므로, 시뮬레이션은 이러한 요건에 잘 부합하는 기술이다. 최근 노인복지(백의현, 2019), 미세먼지(심창섭, 2019), 주택시장(최명섭&변세일, 2016), 인구센서스(배장현 외, 2016) 등 다양한 정책분야에서 시뮬레이션 기술이 활용되고 있다. 2019년에 재정된 “해양공간계획 및 관리에 관한 법률”에 근거한 해양공간기본·관리계획, 해양용도구역, 해양공간적합성협의 등은 해양자원의 효율적 이용과 해양공간의 갈등 및 상충을 해소하기 위한 해양수산 분야의 新정책수단이다. 최근 해양관광, 골재채취, 해상풍력, 해상경계분쟁 등 사회적 이용 및 갈등이 심화되면서 실효성 있는 해양공간정책의 요구가 높아지고 있는 실정으로, 해양정책을 정확하게 평가하고 지원할 수 있는 과학적 도구가 절실하다. 해양공간은 환경·생태계, 지역사회, 수산업, 관광업, 에너지개발 등 복잡한 이해관계가 얽혀 있으며, 정책평가 시 이러한 관계를 명확하게 정의하고 고려해야 한다. 본 연구는 해양공간정책 지원도구로써 해양정책시뮬레이터(Ocean Policy Simulator, OPSim)를 제안하며, 대표적인 복잡계 연구방법론으로서 거시적 현상을 미시적 행위자의 상호작용으로 설명하기 위해 제안된 행위자기반모형(Agent-Based Model, ABM)을 적용하고자 한다. ABM은 정책 대상 및 환경의 동적 변화와 더불어, 자연·인문 환경과의 상호작용(상충 또는 시너지)이 활발한 해양 분야에 적합한 방법이지만, 동시에 시뮬레이션 결과에 대한 검증의 어려움과 모델 인자의 초기값에 대한 의존성 등 한계점을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 ABM을 적용한 OPSim 개발 과정에서 빅 데이터를 활용한 AI기술, 자가진화 시뮬레이션 기법(self-evolving simulation), 시스템다이나믹스(system dynamics) 등을 활용하여 한계점을 보완할 수 있다(Scheutz et al., 2016; Kang et al., 2016; Bae et al., 2018; Kavak et al., 2018). Simulation derived from the Latin word "simulacre" for "artificial objects that actually do not exist" means the process of modeling a realistic state (system) to interpret complex problems and finding an optimal solution through repeated operations (Baudrillard, 1994). While a traditional analytical method defines the correlation of two variables (i.e., independent variables and dependent variables) through coefficient estimation, a simulation method aims to identify the process through the reproduction of phenomena. Therefore, a simulation technique is a more suitable methodology for identifying phenomena rather than finding an optimal solution. The problem of the natural system (e.g. landslides) is defined by simple and clear relationships between factors, but that of the human system (e.g. real estate prices) is defined by relatively complex and unclear relationships. Therefore, a policy as a means of solving social problems, primarily derived from human relationships, is suitable for applying a simulation technique. Simulation is a technology that meets these requirements well, as a policy addresses the procedure as important as the result, solving current and future problems, and considering both positive and negative effects. Recently, simulation technology has been used in various policy areas such as welfare for senior citizens (Baek, 2019), fine dust (Shim, 2019), housing market (Choi&Byun, 2016), and population census (Bae et al, 2016). Marine space policies based on the Marine Space Planning and Management Act, which was enacted in 2019, such as marine spatial basic and management plans, marine use zones, and marine space suitability consultations are new political tools for efficient use of marine resources and management of conflicts. As social use and conflicts such as maritime tourism, aggregate collection, off-shore wind power, and maritime border disputes have intensified recently, calls for effective marine spatial policies are increasing, and scientific tools are urgently needed to accurately evaluate marine policies. Since marine space is intertwined with complex interests such as the environment, ecosystem, community, fisheries, tourism, and energy development, a marine spatial policy support tool should define and consider these relationships for policy evaluation. This paper proposes Ocean Policy Simulator (OPSim) as a support tool for marine spatial policy. Specifically, we aim to highlight the usefulness of an agent-based model (ABM) to explore human-nature interactions (i.e., conflict or synergy) and to provide policy implications. Using an ABM for such purposes often meet the issues in regard to verification and validation of the model’s structures and outcomes. However, AI technology using spatiotemporal bigdata, self-evolution simulation techniques, and system dynamics can help to tackle validation and verification procedures in the development process of OPSim using ABM (Scheutz et al., 2016; Kang et al., 2016; Bae et al., 2018; Kavak et al., 2018).

원시적 지속성 삼차신경동맥 동맥류 : 증례보고 A Case Report

강현승,한대희,권오기,오창완,정희원,최길수 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.5

정신분열병 환자에서 가상현실을 이용한 추론과제 수행 중 활성화된 뇌영역과 현존감과의 관계 : 기능자기공명영상 연구

최수희,김재진,박일호,김소영,구정훈,이형래,윤강준,김인영,김선일 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.3

Objectives : Virtual reality has been increasingly used in the psychiatric field. Presence, the sense of “being there,” is an essential concept in terms of the effectiveness of the virtual reality. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the presence-related brain regions in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Using fMRI, brain activities were measured while performing the virtual reality tasks m fifteen healthy normal subjects and fifteen patients with schizophrenia. The tasks consisted of listening to some stories and inferring the content of the previous events. Ambiguous information was given for the experimental task, whereas clear information was given for the control task. Correlations between the image contrast values and the presence scores were analyzed. Result : The presence-related brain regions in healthy controls were identified in the two discrete region groups that could be referred to as the cognitive neural correlates and the perceptual neural correlates. The former included the anterior cingulate, the left inferior temporal gyrus, the right lingual gyrus, and the right cuneus, whereas the latter consisted of the right posterior cingulate, the left lingual gyrus and the right fusiform gyrus. Compared with healthy controls, regional correlation patterns were different in patients with schizophrenia, including that the posterior cingulate had significant correlations. Conclusion : These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia utilize perceptual apparatus for the presence more than the cognitive aspect. A peculiar pattern of the presence in schizophrenia may be related to increased correlations between the posterior cingulate and other brain regions.

백서의 원위부 피편에 동맥유입의 중요성에 관한 실험적 연구

최규남,최희윤,강희문,김한중 大韓成形外科學會 1983 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.10 No.2

Microsurgery and myocutaneous flap have been developed recently for wide employment in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Therefore, the delay procedure has been declined in its use recently, because it has many difficult problems. If the flap is longer and larger, it should be delayed for complete survival, but delay requires considerable time. Therefore, as a substitute for delay, vascular anastomosis in the distal part of a flap will theoretically give the same effect. In this study, we investigated the importance of arterial inflow in the distal side of a flap in rats. The experiment was done in 3 different groups according to the design of flaps and in each group 3 subgroups were made. In A flap, the superficial epigastric artery was preserved or anastomosis. In V flap. the superficial epigastric vein was preserved or anastomosis. In C flap, as a control flap, both artery and vein were severed. In result, A flaps in all 3 groups were completely survived. Both V and C flaps in all 3 groups were showed distal necrosis. But C flaps were showed more necrosis than V flaps. In conclusion, we suggest the possibility that a large flap may be transposed in one stage with vascular anastomosis in the distal part-preferably artery and vein, or artery only.

乳房炎 乳汁에서 分離된 原因菌의 抗菌劑 感受性

崔民淳,金鍾冕,趙正坤,蔡孝錫,姜明大,宋熹鍾 全北大學校 附設 畜産開發硏究所 1987 畜産開發硏究報告 Vol.1 No.-

A total of 189 strains (Streptococcus agalactiae and non-Streptococcus agalactiae 110, Staphylococcus aureus 63, and E. coli 16) isolated from bovine mastitie milk samples by "The Connecticut Mastitis Control Program" in dairy herds were examined for drug susceptibility to 8 drugs and analysed the rate of multiple resistant patterns. 1. All of the isolates were resistant to antimicrobial agents such as penicillin (PC), streptomycin (SM), kanamycin(KM), carbenicillin (CA), lincomycin (LM), gentamicin (GM), and tetracycline (TC), singly or multiply. The isolates were more susceptible to CA (84.1%),PC (78.9%), and SM (78.4%) than the the other drugs such as GM (51.8%), KM (48.7%), TC (19.6%) and LM (19.0%) in order. 2. The multiple resistant isolates (96.3%) were more than those of singly resistant isolates (3.7%) and 58 different drug resistant patterns were observed. Among 7 singly resistant isolates, CP was the commonest. While among 182 multiple resistant isolates, CP-KM-LM-TC-GM, CP-LM-TC, CP-LM-TC-GM, PC-CP-SM-LM-TC-GM, CP-KM-LM-TC, and CP-LM patterns were frequently encounted. 3. The strains of streptococcus spp. were more susceptible to CA (90.1%) and SM (82.9%) than the other drugs such as KM (43.2%), GM (38.7%), LM (13.5%), CP (10.8%) and TC (10.8%). Among them CP-KM-LM-TC-CM pattern was frequently encounted. 4. The strains of Sta. aureus were more susceptible to PC (74.6%),CA (69.8%), SM (65.1%) and GM (63.5%) than the other drugs such as KM (46.0%), CP (22.2%), TC (15.9%) and LM (9.5%). Among them CP-LM-TC pattern was commonly encounted. 5. The strains of E. coli were more susceptible to CA (100%) and KM (75.0%) tnan TC (9.5%). But the other drugs such as PC, SM, GM, CP and LM were not. Among them PC-CP-SM-LM-TC-GM pattern was commonly encounted.

금강유역 수질오염 실태조사

최신석,오희목,강명규,조통래,이규승,유종국,이영하 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1988 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.1

조사 구역 상류 지점의 평균 수질은 pH가 7.1, DO가 8.3mg/ℓ, BOD가 1.7mg/ℓ, COD가 1.7mg/ℓ, SS가 15.4mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.1x10³ MPN/100ml고 상수원 수 1급 내지 2급의 양호한 상태이고 하류지점의 수질은 pH가 6.8, DO가 7.7mg/ℓ, BOD가 2.2mg/ℓ, COD가 2.4mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.7x10³MPN/100ml로 상수원 수 2급 내지 3급의 상태를 나타내 하류로 내려가면서 오염도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 청주시의 영향을 크게 받는 미호천 하류의 평균수질은 pH가 7.2, DO가 6.3mg/ℓ, BOD가 16.2mg/ℓ, COD가 15.1mg/ℓ, 분변성 대장균이 1.6x10??MPN/100ml로 심각한 오염 상태를 보여 청주시와 대전시가 금강 본류의 주 수질 오염원으로 나타났다. 영양 염류 (NH₃-N, NO₂-N, NO₃-N, PO₄-P)와 무기성 유해 성분 (Cl-, CN-, F-)의 함량은 지천의 일부 지점을 제외하고는 극히 낮은 수준으로 검출되었으며, 유기인, 페놀류, PCB 성분은 조사기간 중 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 또한 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg등의 중금속은 검출되지 않거나 하천 수질 기준 또는 식용수 수질 기준의 허용치를 초과하지 않는 양호한 수준으로 나타났다.

실기간 운영 체제의 성능 평가를 위한 벤치마크 프로그램의 개발

최석원,강희국,박윤용 선문대학교·중소기업기술지원연구소 1998 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

담양신설 IC의 교통소음도 조사연구

최형일,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화,정숙경 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

After the vehicle has become a large formation with high-speed, loud noise from an express highway is increasing, and the number of large-scale apartment complexes, which are recently being constructed in the metropolitan area nearby the express highway and IC, is increasing gradually. Compared with a main road, the traffic volume and the speed of a vehicle between IC and the ramp way [turn-off] are smaller. If the ramp way is rightly connected with the downtown area, however, the traffic-noise that comes about in surrounding areas will be in conjunction with the traffic-noise from the main road of express highway and that of the ramp way. This research has selected a place that hasn't had a road or a commercial quarter nearby the main-road of IC and ramp way. Then we have studied the traffic-noise status under minimizing influence of its outer-noise, which occurs in IC. 1. The traffic volume change of a small and full-sized car with time has been kept on regularity in 2004 and 2005. As the traffic volume of a full-sized car has diminished remarkably, it has been maintaining through 6:00a.m.-10:00 a.m. As it has decreased since lO:OO a.m.. we have also observed the traffic proportion going up. 2. Monthly traffic volume of small cars was higher in May, August and October than other months. We have observed that the high traffic volume during these months is due to the following: May-The Damyang festival, August-a high-demand season, October-viewing scarlet maple leaves. Monthly traffic volume of full-sized cars was generally higher in August, but it has decreased during 2006. This was due to the many construction trucks that were working on the extension of the 88 Olympic expressway. Therefore, there was more traffic volume in 2006 compared to 2004 and 2005. 3. In this study, the noise figures have been less than 55 dB(A) in 18 spots. There were 14 spots from 55dB(A) to 58dB(A). 58-61dB(A) : 20, 61-64dB(A) : 17, 64-67dB(A) : 18. There were 8 spots we observed at the highest level from 67dB(A) to 70dB(A). Those were the nearby spots separating the main road and Damyang IC. 4. Traffic-noise at the boundary between IC and the main road of an expressway was higher than that of the same distance in other places. 5. We have observed that traffic-noise is low in places with mountains that serve the role of soundproofing walls. Thus, the fundamental sound hadn't affected it.

상아질에 적용된 재 습윤제가 미세인장 결합강도에 미치는 영향

강희영,조영곤,김종욱,박병철,유상훈,진철희,최희영,기영재 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.2

This study investigated that the effect of rewetting agent on dentinal microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Human molars were sectioned to expose the superficial dentin surfaces. Samples were divided into two groups according to type of adhesives-Single Bond (S) and One-Step (0)], and again subdivided into five groups by different dentin surface treatment-dry for 15s (D) , blot dry (BD) or dry for 15s, and rewet with different rewetting agents[distil1ed water (DW), Gluma Desensitizer (GD) and Aqua-Prep (AP)]for 30s. After application of adhesive, composite resin was built up on the bonding surface. Each tooth was sectioned to obtain stick with 1mm^(2) cross sectional area and the μTBS was determined by EZ test. In the S group, the mean μTBS of GD, AP and BD group was significantly higher than that of DW and D group (p < 0.05). In the 0 group, the mean μTBS of AP, GD, BD and DW group was significantly higher than that of D group (p < 0.05). The data suggested that Gluma Desensitizer and Aqua-Prep could be successfully used as rewetting agents, and Distilled water could be acceptable in aceton based adhesive system only.