http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
上水處理에서 HCO₃濃度가 凝集效果에 미치는 影響에 關하여
朴永圭,李哲熙,曺秉樂,朴勝吉 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1982 環境硏究 Vol.2 No.1
In this paper is presented the effect of ?? concentration on the efficiency of the turbidity removal by flocculation with alum or ferric sulfate. It is confirmed that pH range of the optimal flocculation conditions for the raw water contained the initial ?? concentration of 80mg/1 is expanded to 5-8 or 4-6, res-pectively, by treating with alum and ferric sulfate as a coagulants. The residual turbidity treated water is also decreased to 2NTU with alum and to 4NUT for the case of ferric sulfate. The determined agglomeration rate constant, K₁, and erosion rate constant, K₂, for floc are as follows; coagulants agglomeration rate constant erosion rate constant (initial ?? conc.) K₁ K₂ alum(80mg/1) 0.29 0.3 ferric sulfate(40mg/1) 0.35 0.26 Here is discussed the number of the reactor for the continuous flow needed to treating below 5NTU and also discussed treated watar quality which is predicted from kinetic model by using agglomeration rate constant, K₁, and erosion rate constant, k₂.
권병규,강영호,이우승,성민웅,이상윤,조화석 慶北大學校 生産技術硏究所 1970 生産技術 Vol.4 No.-
It is very important to eliminate the immense economic loss caused by cracking in apples through examining the causes of cracking and divising a possible method of prevention of it. Several investigators published their findings on the causes of the cracking of apples which develop on the skin of Ralls apples. However, no definite conclusions or established methods of prevention have been published to this date. Therefore, in this study the causes of the cracking of apples are examined through the use of several methods: (a) the histological and physiological, (b) the microelemental, and (c) the natural environmental. The results are as follows: 1). At the early stage of growth, the thicknesses of the cuticle, as well as of the subepidermis, were the same in Ralls apples without envelopes, Ralls with envelopes, and Jonathan. However. at maturity. the thicknesses differed in the following manner; Ralls apples without envelopes were thickest: Ralls envelopes were less thick than those without envelopes; while Jonathan apples were thinest. 2). Although in the Ralls without envelopes the epidermis is arranged in a brick wall like layer during maturity, in the middle of August the brick wall like epidermis begins to collapse and is surrounded by the cuticle. The process of cracking seems to start with the lenticle and the fruit spot. 3). The rate of cracking was slowed by application of a mixture of IAA and Bordeaux mixture solution, but cracking was not completely halted by this treatment. 4). The stem of a branch laden with apples was put into a solution containing Mn-54, and after absorption took place the distribution of Mn-54 was measured. The results of the measurements were as follows; the bark contained the most Mn-54; the leaves contained the second largest quantitiy; and the apples has the least. 5). The two orchards which were tested tended to have a low soil pH, and a high concentration of soil-solution Mn. 6). The soil with a high rate of cracking tended to have a high pH, which the soil with a low rate had a low pH. 7). In trees with a high rate of cracking, the amount of Mn in the leaves was equal to the amount in the stalk. However, in trees with a low rate of cracking, the amount of Mn in the leaves tended to be high compared with that found in the stalk. 8). The epidermis of the Ralls had a high Ca content than the epidermis of the Johnathan. 9). The epidermis of cracked apples tended to have a higher content of Ca, K,P, Cu and Fe than the epidermis of sound apples. 10). Amoug the apples tested, 11% cracked during the course of the year, with the cracking starting in the middle of Sept. 1969, This low percentage of cracking can be attributed to the small amount of rain during harvest time (late Sept. and October). The total of the added temperature during May, June, and July was 1962℃. 11). Cracking occurred more frequently in apples on the periphery of the tree, in well-colored apples, on the south side of the apples, and on the cheeks of the apples. These occurrances can perhaps be attributed to the amount of sunlight. 12). In the trees tested with newspaper envelops, cracking occurred in 1.9% of the apples with envelopes, and in 11.9% of the apples without envelopes. In the trees tested with Polysteron paper envelopes, cracking occurred in 2.5% of the apples with envelops, and 13.4% of the apples without envelopes. The apples with Polysteron paper envelopes were less infected by insects than the apples with newspaper envelopes. 13). Cracking occurred in 2.4% of the apples covered with vinyl, while in trees not covered with vinyl, 16.6% of the apples crack. The Artificial precipitation produced during harvest time increased the rate of cracking.
국내에서 유행하는 HIV의 전파 경로에 따른 Subtype 분포
이주실,남정구,김성순,강춘,최병선,김옥진,박미선,성봉모,서순덕,전수경,변승옥,신영오,조해월 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5
Background : Previous data have been reported that subtype B is prevalent in South Korea, but neither the extent nor the proportion of subtypes could be evaluated. This study was designed to analyze the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, temporal instructions and transmission dynamics between epidemiological groups. Methods : 1,280 Koreans had been diagnosed as HIV seropositive during the period 1985 to 2000. Among them, 134 individuals were selected for this molecular epidemiological study. 134 DNAs were isolated from uncultured or cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. V3-V5 (0.7 kb) fragment of HIV-1 env gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and was sequenced. Results : HIV-1 isolates from thirty-seven homosexuals were all subtype B (100%). On the other hand, 66 isolates from 94 heterosexuals were subtype B (70%) and 28 were non B subtypes (30% : 13 A, 4 C, 2 D, 8 E , 1 G). Only subtype B strains were isolated from 73 males who were infected with HIV inside Korea while 16 B and 20 non B subtype strains were isolated from 36 males who were HIV infected outside of Korea. However, B and non B strains were isolated half and half from females who were infected inside Korea except one. Conclusion : The HIV-1 subtype B strains are prevalent in Korea from the early HIV infection until present in both homo and heterosexuals. Non B strains have been transmitted from men who were infected outside Korea to their spouses and casual partners. So, we need further study to monitor subtype B and non B HIV transmission in epidemiological groups of Korea, (Korean J Infect Dis 33:311∼318, 2001)