대기확산모델(AirMaster)을 이용한 울산 산단 지역의 아황산가스(SO₂) 대기환경용량 산정 연구

구윤서,박찬희 안양대학교 산업기술연구소 2004 自然科學硏究 Vol.11 No.1

정부 주도로 추진된 중화학공업 육성시책에 따라 조성된 울산지역의 산업단지 지역은 오랜 기간 동안 다양한 오염물질을 대량으로 배출하였다. 특히 SO_(2)는 최근 2~3년 내에 순간 오염도도 일부 측정소에서 단기간 환경기준을 초과하였으며, 타 도시 지역과 비교하여 상대적으로 오염도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 울산 산단 지역의 대기질 개선을 위한 선행연구로, 울산 산단 지역에서의 SO_(2) 대기오염도 현황을 조사하고 고농도가 자주 발생되거나 그러할 가능성이 높은 기간에 대하여 배출량 기여도 평가와 함께 대기 확산 모델(AirMaster)을 이용하여 안정적으로 대기환경기준을 달성할 수 있는 수준의 대기환경용량을 산정하였다. 또한 대기환경용량 유지에 적합한 대기질 배출량의 삭감량을 산정하였다. 각각의 모델 수행 기간 모두 면오염원이 약 40% 정도의 기여도를 나타냈고, 점오염원에서는 석유정제시설과 제조업-연소시설이 큰 비율을 차지하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이것으로 보아 울산 산단 지역은 면오염원에서 일정 수준 이상의 오염도를 유지한다는 것과 점오염원 중 대형 배출 시설에 의한 오염도가 최고 농도를 결정하게 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. The Ulsan industrial complex discharged various pollutants at the large facilities during long duration. Specially, it appeared that the SO_(2) emission of the Ulsan area was higher than that of the other city area. In this research, critical loads of atmospheric environmental to meet the ambient air quality standards were estimated by using air dispersion model-AirMaster. And it bought reduction of SO_(2) emission in order to be below air environmental standards. Among model execution results in area source, it showed about 40% effect degree, in point source, it appeared with the fact that the oil refining facility and combustion facility is the highest.

만성 위염전 2 례

박찬규,이동욱,남성진,김추성,조성래,구본천,박영재,허규찬 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1997 계명의대학술지 Vol.16 No.3

위염전은 위의 비정상적인 회전으로 생기는데 급성증에서는 진단이 늦어질 경우 치명적일 수도 있으나, 만성증의 경우는 비특이적 위장관 중상을 나타내며, 치료되지 않을 경우 수년 동안 증상이 지속될 수도 있다. 최근 저자들은 소화불량, 식후 상복부 동통을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 만성위염전 2 례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Gastric volvulus is an abnormal rotation of the stomach. Gastric volvulus may present as an emergency or as a chronic condition. Acute volvulus si potentially lethal if unrecognized, while a chronic volvulus may cause symptoms for years if not treated. Gastric volvulus may be more common than previously estimated. Approximately 700 cases have thus far been documented. In patients with vague upper abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, early satiety and weight loss, chronic gastric volvulus are reported and the related literature reviewed. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment are treatment are discussed. Features of acute and chronic volvulus are compared.

발생원별에 따른 PAHs 배출특성

박찬구,윤중섭,김민영,손종열,모세영 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The results of individual PAH source profiles that can be applied to receptor model are as follows. The sum of 16 PAH concentrations was 391.41 ng/S㎥ in a tunnel. Phenanthrene was the most abundant compound among 16 PAH, and then pyrene, fIuoranthene, anthracene, and naphthalene can be seen in elevated contents. 11,056.61 ng/S㎥ of 16 PAH concentrations in BC oil boiler was two times higher than 6,582.57 ng/S㎥ of those in LNG boiler. Naphthalene was the most abundant compound in both facilities. Phenanthrene, anthracene. and acenaphthylene were the second dominant compound group in order from both facilities. BC oil boiler had relatively high concentration of pyrene compared to LNG boiler that had high concentration of fluorene and did not detect pyrene. The sum of 16 PAH concentrations emitted from MSW incinerators after APCD (air pollution control device) was three times higher than those from MSW incinerators bcfore APCD. However, the concentrations of more than 4-ring PAH compounds (e.g., benzo (a)anthracene) before APCD were higher than those after APCD. This fact implies that PAHs generated by combustion process are eliminated in APCD and they are continuously produced in stack or atmosphere by PAHs precursors.

Gentamicin 제제의 약력학적 비교

최석구,신상구,박찬웅 대한화학요법학회 1984 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.2 No.2

The pharnacokinetic characteristics of 3 different gentamicin formulations, supplied from 3 different producers in Korea, were studied in 15 healthy male volunteers after a single intramuscular injection with a dose of 80mg. Serial serum drug lerels were analysed using a one compartmental open model. Serum gentamicin levels of "C" formulation were higher than those of other formulations. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as absorption rate constant, elimination rate constant and serum half-life for 3 formulations, were nearly identical. Bct areas under the curves(AUC's) for 3 formulations showed significant differences among them. Relati\-e avaiiahilities of "A" and "B" formulation to "C" formulation were 0. 67 and 0.44, respectively. So, it was considered that the differences in serum drug levels after an intram- uscular injection of gentamicin from 3 different producers might be due t o the differences in formulations or manufacturing processes.

마찰력과 열처리에 따른 아크용사 및 아크용접된 Fe-Cr-B 합금 피복층의 변화

이찬규,유인석,김강형,구본흔,박맹로 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産技硏論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Variations of arc thermal sprayed and arc welded Fe-Cr-B alloy coating with frictional loading and heat treatment were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and hardness test. The as-coated layers were shown to be crystalline state but peaks with the frictional loading largely disappeared in X-ray diffraction profiles. The splat is relatively wavy with the boundary in arc thermal spray coating. After heat treatment, the amount of porosity was found to be decreased and the intersplat distance was increased. As annealing temperature increased, interface layer for arc welding coating increased by the diffusion of Cr atoms. The wear type observed in arc thermal spray coatings is splat delamination. The hardness of the arc thermal spray coation layer was superior to that of the arc welding layer. Hardness of coated layer is reduced and microstructures become to be uniformed by the heat treatment.

적응퍼지 알고리듬 및 부하토크관측자를 사용한 BLDC 전동기의 위치제어

김찬회,박종구 성균관대학교 1998 학술회의지원논문목록집 Vol.1998 No.-

This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy control method with torque observer for position control of BLDC motor. The proposed method is composed of two control inputs, that is, an adaptive fuzzy control input and an auxiliary control input based on the torque observer. The auxiliary control input is introdued to enhance the ability of the control activities, and the performance of the overall system is improved due to its role. A stable adaptive fuzzy control rule is obtained using Lyapunov method. In doing so, we adopt a novel error dynamics related with the output performance, which is entirely different from the usual mechanism only related with the control input performance. An illustrative example is presented to show the effictiveness of the proposed method.

적응퍼지 알고리듬 및 부하토크관측자를 사용한 BLDC 전동기의 위치제어

김찬회,박종구 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1999 論文集 Vol.50 No.2

This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy control method with torque observer for position control of BLDG motors. The proposed method is composed of two control inputs, that is, an adaptive fuzzy control input and an auxiliary control input based on the torque observer. The auxiliary control input is introdued to enhance the ability of control activities. The performance of the overall system is improved due to its role. A stable adaptive fuzzy control rule is obtained using Lyapunov method. In doing so, we adopt a novel error dynamics related with the output performance, which is entirely different from the usual mechanism only related with the control input performance. An illustrative example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

아데노이드 및 구개편도 절제술이 비저항과 비강 내 Geometry에 미치는 영향

나기상,박찬희,구본석,김영덕,김관호,박용호 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

수술 전 최소단면적이나 비강 부피는 아데노이드나 구개편도의 비대 정도와 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나 비저항은 아데노이드 비대 정도와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 구개편도 및 아데노이드 절제술 후 코막힘과 구호흡 증상의 유의한 호전을 보였다. 수술 후 비강의 최소단면적과 부피 등 nasal geometry는 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 없었으나 비저항은 수술 후 유의한 감소를 보였으며 수술 후 비저항의 감소 정도는 아데노이드 비대 정도와 유의한 상관 관계를 보였다 . 이상의 결과로 아데노이드와 구개편도의 비대를 보이는 소아에서 코막힘 증상을 일으키는 데는 아데노이드 비대가 주요 원인이 되며 주로 비강의 후방에 위치한 아데노이드의 mass effect에 의할 것으로 생각한다. The aim of this study was to determine whether adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy and subsequent adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy affect pediatric nasal airway resistance and nasal geometry and to evaluate the relationships between the degree of hypertrophy and nasal airway resistance or nasal geometry. Thirty-two children, aged 3 to 15 years, selected for adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy due to chronic nasal obstruction and mouth breathing were enrolled. The size of adenoid was evaluated by cephalometric radiograph. The degree of tonsillar hypertrophy was graded clinically. Nasal airway resistance and nasal geometry was evaluated by active anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry respectively. These measurements were repeated one month and three months post-operatively. The size of adenoid was found well correlated to preoperative nasal airway resistance. However, there were no correlations between the degree of tonsillar hypertrophy and preoperative nasal airway resistance or nasal geometry. Nasal geometry was not changed after operation. However, nasal airway resistance was reduced significantly at 3 months after operation and the size of adenoid was found well correlated to postoperative changes of nasal airway resistance.

건축 리모델링 프로젝트 리스트 요인 분석을 통한 체크리스트 개발에 관한 연구 : Based on the Analysis of Risk Causes

최병호,구민경,박찬식 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

Delay and cost overrun have happened continuously in remodeling projects and domestic constructions do not grasp about the risk's reason for cost and time. Therefore the study derives some risk causes which bring about delay and cost overrun through some documentary records and some interviews. And then it analyzes extracted items by statistical method and divides the items which is produced some consequences those are in beyond degree as a general area and as an important area. Finally, the research suggests the items to improve management of the duration and about checklist.

정신분열증 환자에서 주관적 음성증상경험의 임상적 의의

김지웅,김찬형,구민성,손석한,박진철,최문종,이은철,윤도준,이홍식 대한신경정신의학회 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.1

연구목적 : 현재까지 정신분열증의 음성증상평가는 주로 객관적인 평가에만 의존해왔기 때문에, 환자들이 주관적으로 직접 경험하는 음성증상의 평가는 경시된 경향이 있었다. 그러나 실제 많은 정신분열증 환자들은 음성증상을 자가하고 있다. 특히, 개관적인 양성 및 음성증상이 관찰되지 않는 경우에도 환자 본인은 음성증상으로 괴로워한다는 이전의 연구보고들이 있었다. 따라서 저자들은 주관적인 음성증상경험과 개관적인 양성증상 및 음성 증상, 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로증상과의 상관성을 알아봄으로써 정신분열증의 정신병리에 있어 주관적 음성증상의 존재를 규명하고, 정신분열증 정신병리의 발생기전을 유추해보며 이차적 음성증상과의 관계를 규명하고자 하였으며. 이러한 연구가 정신분열증 정신병리를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐 아니라 환자를 공감적으로 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되어 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준의 정신분열증 진단기준에 해당하는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 주관적인 음성증상의 평가를 위해서 Scale for the Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms : Korean version(KSENS)을 이용하였고, 개관적인 정신분열증 정신병리의 평가는 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PNASS)를 이용하였다. 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로증상의 평가를 위해서 각각 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale(ESRS)을 이용하였다. 각 정신병리척도 점수간의 상관성은 Spearman 상관계수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : K-SENS 24항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 PANSS 양성척도점수 사이에는 유의한 상관점이 있었으며 (r=-0.40, p〈0.05), 양성증상 중에서도 특히 과대성(r=-0.46, p〈0.05), 의심/피해(r=-0.34, p〈0.05), 적개심(r=-0.52, p〈0.05) 등의 증상과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. K-SENS 24 항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 PANSS 전체점수(r=-0.25, p〉0.05), PANSS 음성척도점수(r=-0.20, p〉0.05), PANSS 일반정신병리척도(r=-0.08, p〉0.05),와는 각각 유의한 상관성이 없었다. K-SENS 24항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 HAM-D 점수(r=-0.01, p〉0.05), HAM-A 점수(r=-0.11, p〉0.05), ESRS 총점(r=0.34, p〉0.05)은 각각 유의한 상관성이 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과에서, 정신분열증 환자들이 불편한 것으로 경험하는 주관적 음성증상과 과대성, 의심/피해, 적개심 같은 양성증상은 역상관관계가 있었으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 양성증상이 주관적으로 불편하게 느끼는 음성증상에 대한 가능성과, 혹은 양성증상이 심할 경우, 이에 압도되어 음성증상을 주관적으로 느끼지 못할 수 있다는 가능성이 시사되었으며, 향후 종적인 연구를 통해 이를 규명해 볼 필요성이 제시되었다. 주관적인 음성증상경험과 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로 증상과는 상관성이 없는 것으로 나타나서 이들 증상과는 독립적인 증상임을 시사한다. Objective : Since the evaluation of negative symptoms has depended on the clinician's objective observation, the patients subjective experience of negative symptoms has been neglected. However, in fact, a lot of patients are aware of their negative symptoms. There are several reported suggesting that patients suffer from the subjective experiences of their deficit symptoms, even though the objective positive and negative symptoms cannot be observed. Under these circumstances, we have attempted this study with the idea that it would be helpful in understanding the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Also it would help clarifying the relationship between subjective experience of negative symptoms and objectives positive and negative symptoms, depression anxiety symptoms, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Method : All the 37 patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅵ for schizophrenia. The subjective experiences of negative symptoms were evaluated using Scale for the Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms : Korean version(KSENS), and for the depression, anxiety, extrapyramidal symptoms, we used Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), and Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale(ESRS). The correlation between each psychopathology was tested by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient. Results : There was a significant correlation between the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and the score of PANSS positive subscale(γ=-0.40, p〈0.05), Among the positive symptoms, grandiosity(γ=-0.46, p〈0.05), suspiciousnes/persecution(γ=-0.34, p〈0.05), and hostility(γ=-0.52, p〈0.05) showed a significant correlation with the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS. There was no significant correlation between the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and PANSS total score(γ=-0.25, p〉0.05), or negative subscale score(γ=-0.20, p〉0.05), or general psychology subscale score(γ=-0.08, p〉0.05), respectively. There was no significant correlation between ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and HAM-D(γ=-0.01, p〉0.05), or HAM-A(γ=-0.11, p〉0.05), ESRS(γ=0.34, p〉0.05), respectively. Conclusion : These revealed that the negative correlation between the subjective negative symptoms experienced as an uncomfortable ones and the objective symptoms such as grandiosity, suspiciousness/persecution, and hostility. From these results, the possibility that positive symptoms are used as a defense to hide from the negative symptoms because they are overwhelmed by their positive symptoms, is suggested. These results also suggest that subjective experiences of negative symptoms are independent from depression, anxiety and extrapyramidal symptoms.