Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

검색 엔진을 이용한 검색 서비스 설계 및 구현

전병태,김병철,이명선 高麗大學校附設 컴퓨터科學技術硏究所 1999 JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING TECHNOLO Vol.2 No.-

최근 급격한 인터넷의 발전은 검색 서비스로 인해 주도되었다고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 방대한 정보의 바다 인터넷을 통해 정보를 얻으려 해본 적이 있다면 어떤 검색엔진을 사용하여야 할지 어떤 검색어를 사용하여야 할지 한 번쯤은 고민 해 보았을 것이다. 이러한 이유로 많은 사람들이 메타 검색엔진이라는 것을 이용하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 메타 검색엔진도 자체내의 여러 가지 정보 처리로 인한 느린 결과 처리의 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷의 정보검색을 하는 사용자의 특성을 고려한 정보 검색 서비스를 제공해 주는 시스템을 설계 구현하여 본다. It is needless to say that information search service leads explosive growth Internet. When you have a experience to get information what you search in Internet, puzzled about what kind of search engine and search keyword should select. Thus many people want to use Meta-search engine. But Meta-search engine has some problem. one of problem is that meta-search engine manages information which is obtained by several search engine. Thus meta-search engine has some severe performance degradation. In this paper we designed and implemented information search service system for the purpose of using internet to get information search result.

Ethephon의 浸漬處理 및 圃場處理가 고추의 着色 및 主要成分에 미치는 影響

李炳馹,全在根,黃在文 서울大學校 農科大學 1977 서울대농학연구지 Vol.2 No.2

Color enhancement, contents of red pigment and capsaicin were studied with the dipping and field treatment of various levels of ethephon concentrations; 250, 500 and 1000ppms.The results were summarized as followings: 1. Dipping treatment effectively enhanced the coloring of the unmatured stages of fruit, especially, under younger fruit age. As the ethephon concentration increased, the remarkable effects were observed in Saegochu while Saemaul-Gumjang and Cheonan were less affected. 2. The optimum ethephon concentration for color enhancement were 500 and 250ppm in dipping and field treatments, respectively. 3. Red pigment content was slightly increased in 500ppm concentration level. 4. As the fruit age increased, capsaicin contents were increased in the ethephon concentration level from 500 to 1000ppm. In younger fruit slight increment was observed in the 1000ppm treatment.

복부비만의 지표로서 부위별 허리둘레 측정값의 신뢰도

이영미,박혜순,천병철,김현수 대한비만학회 2002 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.11 No.2

연구배경 : 비만 자체보다 복부비만이 심혈관질환과의 관련성이 높아 복부비만에 대한 평가는 점점 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 허리둘레는 측정이 간편하여 복부비만의 평가에 가장 적절한 지표로 알려져 있다. 그러나 기관에 다라 권고하는 측정부위가 다르고, 우리 나라에서는 아직 허리둘레 측정위치에 대하여 표준화되어 있지 않다. 이에 허리둘레 측정부위 중 신뢰도가 가장 높은 방법을 찾고자 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 본 연구에 자발적 참여를 원하는 자원자 111명 (남자 53명, 여자 58명) 을 대상으로 하였다. 허리 둘레는 (1) 늑골 하단부와 장골능 상부의 중간 부위 (WHO 권고 방법 ) (2) 배꼽 부위 (3) 장골능 상부 (NIH 권고 방법) 세 곳의 해부학적 위치에서 측정하였다. 공복 상태에서 훈련된 2명의 검사자에 의해 측정부위별로 각각 2회씩 허리둘레를 측정하였다. 측정자내 및 측정자간 변이의 비교는 일반선형모델 (general linear model)을 이용하였다. 결과 1) 대상자의 평균연령은 38.4세였으며 체질량지수 25 kg/㎡를 기준으로 정상 체중군은 66.1%, 비만군은 33.9%였다. 2) 세 가지 측정법의 비교 결과, WHO 방법과 배꼽 부위가 NIH 방법보다 측정자내, 측정자간 및 총 변이가 유의하게 적었다. WHO 방법과 배꼽 부위에서의 측정값은 WHO 방법이 변이가 더 적었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 3) 여자, 40세 이상 및 체질량지수가 25 kg/㎡ 이상인 군에서는 변이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 늑골 하단부와 장골능 상부의 중간 부위에서 허리둘레를 측정하는 WHO 방법과 배꼽부위에서 측정하는 방법이 장골능 상부에서 측정하는 NIH 방법보다 측정자내, 측정자간 및 총 변이가 더 적었다. 허리둘레의 측정은 복부비만을 평가함에 있어 중요한 도구이므로 이러한 자료를 바탕으로 허리둘레 측정부위를 표준화하는 것이 필요하다. Background : Assessment of waist circumference is being emphasized for the evaluation of fat distribution. However, the sites for measurement of waist circumference differ depending on the associations or the investigators. the standardization of waist circumference has not yet established in Korea. The purpose of this study was to find the site for reliable measurement of waist circumference in the subjects with various range of age, and BMI. Method : The participants were recruited 111 persons (53 males and 58 females) participated in this study voluntarily. All anthropometric values of study subjects were measured in fasting state with swimming suit. Waist circumference was measured by two trained personnel at 3 different sites; (1) WHO recommended site : midpoint between the lower border of the rib cage and the iliac crest; (2) umbilical level; (3) NIH suggested site: top of the iliac crest. Intra-observer, inter-observer, and total variations were analyzed. Results : Intra-observer, inter-observer, and total variations of waist circumference measured at which WHO recommended, and umbilical level were lower than that of waist circumference measured at which NIH suggested. However, the difference of variations between the values of WHO method and that measured at umbilical level was not significant. The difference of variations was more prominent in female, subjects aged over 40 years, and subjects with BMI <25 kg/㎡. Conclusion : The variations of waist circumference measured at which midpoint between the lower border of the rib cage and the iliac crest, or umbilical level were lower that measured at which top of the iliac crest. It is needed to standard the site for measurement of waist circumference to assess abdominal obesity precisely in practice.

흰쥐 심방벽 소혈관 분포의 특징

이무삼,이흥철,송창호,고병문,김봉천,정철현 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.1

1996년과 1999년 경기지역 초등학교 학생들에서 유행성이하선염에 대한 면역도 조사

나병국,이주영,고운영,이진수,신구철,이주연,최보율,기모란,양병국,강춘,김우주,김지희 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.3

Background : Although massive use of live attenuated mumps virus vaccines successfully reduced the incidence of mumps virus infection worldwide, mumps outbreaks have not been completely eliminated, even in vaccinated populations. In recent years, the incidence of mumps has been remarkably increased in Korea. This study was designed to evaluate the recent seroprevalence rate of mumps IgG among children in Kyonggi province at 1996 and 1999. Methods : Study population included students from 8 elementary schools in Kyonggi province. Serum samples were collected twice at 1996 and 1999 and tested for mumps-specific antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also conducted a questionnaire survey on the parents and collected the records including history of vaccination and mumps infection. Results : The seropositive rates against mumps were 89.47% and 89.74% at 1996 and 1999, respectively, and they were not significantly different when compared to age, sex, and region. Although the first vaccination rates were 92.17% and 92.25% at 1996 and 1999, respectively, the second vaccination rates were only 37.89% and 38.03% at 1996 and 1999, respectively. Infection rate showed no significant difference between vaccinated groups and nonvaccinated gropus. Seropositive rate of infected group was higher than that of noninfected group but it was not significantly different between the vaccinated and the nonvaccinated. Conclusions : This study showed the seropositive rate and vaccination against mumps in children. There were no significant relationships between vaccination and infection. Therefore, it seems likely that the vaccination is not fully protective against mumps infection. This study will be helpful for the establishment of guideline for prevention and treatment of mumps in Korea. (Korean J Infect Dis 33: 157∼164, 2001)

엔로플록사신 액제의 닭유래 병원세균에 대한 시험관내 항균효과 시험

윤효인,박병권,조준형,정상희,박경환,장범수,김종춘,황윤환,임종환,이내경,박승춘 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

In this study the antimicrobial spectrum and sensitivity of a liquid formulation of enrofloxacin against the major six pathogenic bacteria isolated from the diseased poultry in Korea were evaluated in comparison with ciprfloxacin (CFX), gentamicin (GM) and penicillin (PC). A liquid form of enrofloxacin, a test material and ciprofloxacin showed at least 83% antibacterial activity against all of six test pathogenic microorganisms at the fixed concentration of 10 ㎍/㎖. Gentamicin and penicillin revealed much lower antibacterial activity at the same condition. We evaluated the liquid form of enrofloxacin as having widespread antibacterial spectrum against poultry infections. The liquid form of enrofloxacin showed potent antibacterial activity, with the MIC range being 0.12∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Gram positives, 0.06∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Gram negatives and 0.5∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Mycoplasma spp. These values were equivalent to or somewhat higher than those of ciprofloxacin, but much lower than those of gentamicn and penicillin. This new liquid form of enrofloxacin would find its way in application of mixing with drinking water for the prevention and treatment of diverse infections in chickens.

랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

MMPI에 의한 알코올 의존의 통계적 아형분류

남궁기,조현상,김병천,현명호,안혜리,이희상,유계준 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

목적 및 방법 : 본 연구에서는 알코올 의존으로 진단된 남자 환자 75명을 대상으로 MMPI 점수를 이용하여 군집 분석으로 아형 분류를 시도한 후, 사회인구학적 특성과 음주와 관련된 변인으로 그 분류가 판별 타당성이 있는지를 알아보았다. 결 과 : 군집 분석 결과 전체 대상은 6(Pa)-7(Pt)-8(Sc) 프로파일의 정신병적 아형(21.4%), 2(D)-3(Hy)-1(Hs) 프로파일의 신경증적 아형(49.3%), 그리고 정상 프로파일 아형(29.3%)의 세 아형으로 분류되었다. 이 세 아형간의 연령, 학력, 결혼 상태, 음주로 인한 입원 경력, 주당 평균 음주 일수, 음주시 평균 음주량, 음주 시작 연령, 직계가족상의 알코올리즘의 가족력 유무의 차이를 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과는 통계학적으로 유의한 세 아형으로 분류되었으나 이 아형 분류가 판별 타당성을 갖추지 못했음을 시사한다. Obects & Methods : The authors tried to classify 75 male patients with alcohol dependence by using cluster analysis of their MMPI data, to identify the characteristics of each subtype classified through that process and to evaluate the discriminant validity of the classification. Results : The subjects were divided into 3 subtypes by K-means cluster analysis of MMPI scores : a psychotic subtype of 6(Pa)-7(Pt)-8(Sc) profile(21.4%), a neurotic subtype of 2(D)-3(Hy)-1(Hs) profile(49.3%), a normal subtype(29.3%). But, there were no statistically significant differences of age, educational level, marital status, admission history due to alcoholic problems, number of drinking day per week, average amount of ethanol consumed per drinking occasion, age at onset of drinking and family history of alcoholism among these three subtypes. Conclusion : It seems that the subjects with alcohol dependence could be classified into three subtypes with statistical significance, but this statistical classification does not constitute any evidence of discriminant validity.

Mechanism of Humoral and Cellular Immune Modulation Provided by Porcine Sertoli Cells

Lee, Hak-Mo,Oh, Byoung Chol,Lim, Dong-Pyo,Lee, Dong-Sup,Lim, Hong-Gook,Park, Chun Soo,Lee, Jeong Ryul The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.3

<P>The understanding of main mechanisms that determine the ability of immune privilege related to Sertoli cells (SCs) will provide clues for promoting a local tolerogenic environment. In this study, we evaluated the property of humoral and cellular immune response modulation provided by porcine SCs. Porcine SCs were resistant to human antibody and complement-mediated formation of the membrane attack complex (38.41±2.77% vs. 55.02±5.44%, <I>p</I>=0.027) and cell lysis (42.95±1.75% vs. 87.99±2.25%, <I>p</I><0.001) compared to immortalized aortic endothelial cells, suggesting that porcine SCs are able to escape cellular lysis associated with complement activation by producing one or more immunoprotective factors that may be capable of inhibiting membrane attack complex formation. On the other hand, porcine SCs and their culture supernatant suppressed the up-regulation of CD40 expression (<I>p</I><0.05) on DCs in the presence of LPS stimulation. These novel findings, as we know, suggest that immune modulatory effects of porcine SCs in the presence of other antigen can be obtained from the first step of antigen presentation. These might open optimistic perspectives for the use of porcine SCs in tolerance induction eliminating the need for chronic immunosuppressive drugs.</P>