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Nitric Oxide Synthase의 억제가 전뇌허혈/재관류시 Hydroxyl Radical 생성에 미치는 영향
임소영,김진수,오완수,신근만,길호영,홍순영,최영룡,김광민 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.36 No.4
Background : Free radical-mediated oxidative damage has been implicated in ischemic brain injury. There are also increasing evidences that nitric oxide is involved in the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia. To elucidate the effect of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition on the hydroxyl radical formation, we used a method based on the chemical trapping of hydroxyl radical in the form of the stable adducts 2,3-DHBA following salicylate adminstration. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 15 min of global cerebral ischemia by both carotid artery occlusion plus systemic hemorrhagic hypotension (35 mmHg). Artificial CSF including salicylate (5 mM) was continuously infused through a microdiaysis probe implanted in the left hippocampus CA1. Hippocampal extracellular fluid was sampled at regular intervals before, during, and after ischemia. The levels of 2,3-DHBA were assayed by HPLC with electrochemical detection during 15 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion period. Results : Cerebral blood flow was reduced to 5% level of control in ischemic period, but increased 3 or 4 times in early phase of reperfusion period, and returned to normal 50 to 60 minutes after the cessation of ischemia. Inhibition of NOS by L-NAME did not prevent ischemia-induced 2,3-DHBA elevation, but increased its level during reperfusion. This increase in 2,3-DHBA could be reversed by L-arginine. The elevated 2,3-DHBA after IR in L-NAME treated rats was not due to either changes in CBF or local blood brain barrier permeability. Conclusions : The above results indicate NO protects brain from damages by hydroxyl radical, at least less than one hour after initiation of reperfusion. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 36: 710∼722)
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지필식 수행평가가 수학 학습부진아동의 분수영역 학업성취도에 미치는 영향
임소영,강옥려 한국학습장애학회 2008 학습장애연구 Vol.5 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate which effects the application of writing performance assessment has on academic achievement of low-achieving students of mathematics in the area of fraction, on the sides of conceptual understanding and procedural understanding separately. On the side of the area of conceptual understanding, this researcher has analyzed its effects with ramification into representations, problem solutions, and justification. And the procedural understanding has been analyzed its effects for calculation. The subjects were 20 low-achieving students of mathematics from the fifth grade in the elementary school, who were selected by using SPM‐I (Raven, 1982) and the test for diagnosis and placement by Korea Institute of Curriculum & Evaluation. And then, they were randomly assigned in the experimental and control groups. After administrating a pre-test to the both groups, the experimental group was applied a fraction study program and writing performance assessment 12 times, twice a week with 40 minutes per class for 6 weeks. After intervention, a post-test was carried out with the same test routine (Neimi, 1996) as the pre-test used, and the results of the pre-test and post-test was analyzed by ANCOVA. As a result, the academic achievement of the experimental group, in which the writing performance assessment has been applied, increased as compared with that of the control group. Results suggest that low-achieving students’ ability to learn the fraction can be increased and capability of mathematical thinking like concept explanations can be enhanced through the writing performance assessment, which makes it possible to consider children’s properties and reflect assessment results into class. 본 연구는 지필식 수행평가 적용이 수학 학습부진아동의 분수 영역 학업 성취도에 미치는 영향을 개념적 이해와 절차적 이해(연산능력)로 나누어 살펴보았으며 개념적 이해는 다시 표상적 지식, 문제해결력과 정당화, 개념 설명력으로 세분화하여 알아보았다. 연구대상은 SPM-Ⅰ(Raven, 1982)과 한국교육과정평가원의 진단․배치 검사를 사용해 5학년 수학 학습부진아동 20명을 선정하여 이들을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 무선 배치하였다. 실험 집단에게 1회기 40분으로 주 2회씩 6주 동안 12회기에 걸쳐 분수수업 프로그램과 지필식 수행평가를 실시하였다. 통제집단은 실험집단과 동일한 시간과 회기로 분수 수업 프로그램을 진행하되 지필식 수행평가는 실시하지 않았다. 분수능력 진단검사를 통해 사전․사후 검사를 하여 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 통한지필식 수행평가의 효과성을 알아보았다. 연구결과 지필식 수행평가를 실시한 실헙집단의 분수 영역 학업 성취도가 통제집단에 비해 향상되었다. 하위 영역별로 보면 개념적 이해영역의 표상적 지식과 개념 설명력에서 지필식 수행평가가 효과적이었으나 절차적 이해 영역에서는 의미 있는 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 즉, 아동의 특성을 고려하고 평가 결과가 수업에 반영되는 수행평가를 통해 수학 학습부진아동의 분수 학습 능력과 개념 설명력 같은 수학적 사고력이 향상될 수 있음을 시사해 주었다.
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임소영 한국농업경제학회 2020 農業經濟硏究 Vol.61 No.2
Understanding dynamics behind farm household income provides insights to foresee future income change among farm households. To better understand the change in farm household income, this study decomposes farm household income by age effects, cohort(generation) effects, and year effects. Constructing pseudo panel by birth year of household heads, this study investigates which factor affects farm household income. The results show that age effects are pronounced in farm household income, agricultural income, and non-agricultural income. Farm household income moves drawing inverse U shape. Moreover, cohort effects show that younger generations have earned more income than older generation, which has been resulted from economic growth. It is also noteworthy that transfer from public sector increases by age and younger generations receive more benefits from government than older generations while transfer from family and friends changes in different directions. This implies that the role of government is getting bigger in safety net among farm households and welfare expenditure is likely to explosively increase as farm population rapidly gets old.
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임소영,유창영,이연수,강창석,심상인,이교영 대한병리학회 2009 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.43 No.2
Although chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) may be involved in any part of the body, infiltration of the body fluid has rarely reported in the literature. Here we report on a 35 year-old male patient who was diagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia ten years previously and he received allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. He then presented with left knee pain eight years after the initial diagnosis. MRI revealed a soft tissue mass at the distal femur. Cytology of the joint fluid revealed myeloblasts, promyelocytes, eosinophilic myelocytes, band neutrophils, megakaryocytes and orthochromatic erythroblasts, which was all consistent with leukemic infiltration of the knee joint fluid. The immunohistochemistry was positive for CD34, CD117 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Despite that the patient underwent radiation therapy, MRI revealed growth of the mass, and ten months later, the lymphoid blast phase of CML was confirmed after biopsy. The patient received an above knee amputation. Five months later, multiple masses were revealed on PET-CT at the left iliopsoas muscle, abdominal wall and bones. Bilateral pleural effusion occurred shortly after this. Cytologic evaluation of the pleural fluid also revealed blast-like cells, and histologic evaluation of the abdominal mass confirmed the lymphoid blast phase of CML with positivity for CD3, UCHL-1, CD34 and CD117, but negativity for MPO.
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