골절의 절대위험도 평가방법에서 GE Prodigy와 FRAX Tool의 비교분석에 관한 고찰

이화진,이효영,윤종준,이무석,송현석,박세윤,정지욱,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Lee, Hyo-Yeong,Yun, Jong-Jun,Lee, Mu-Seok,Song, Hyeon-Seok,Park, Se-Yun,Jeong, Ji-Uk 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.3

목적: WHO (world health organization)에서는 골밀도뿐만 아니라 대규모 역학연구에서 정리된 골절의 위험인자 분석을 통하여 10년 내 골절위험도(10-year fracture probability)를 실제적으로 임상에 적용시킬 수 있는 소프트웨어 프로그램인 FRAX Tool (fracture risk assessment)이 2008년에 공개되었다. 본 연구는 기존에 사용하고 있는 GE Prodigy사의 골절위험도평가와 $FRAX^{TM}$를 이용한 골절위험도평가를 비교분석하고자 한다. 검사방법: 본원에 골밀도 검사를 시행한 201명($55{\pm}3.5$세)의 여자를 대상으로 GE Prodigy를 이용하여 Femur를 측정하였다. 측정한 Femoral Neck의 BMD (bone mineral density)를 구하여 GE Prodigy의 T-값과 골절위험인자를 고려하지 않은 $FRAX^{TM}$의 T-값를 사용하여 10년 내 대퇴골 골절위험도와 주요한 골다공증성 골절 위험도를 계산하여 SPSS통계프로그램으로 GE Prodigy의 골절위험도 평가와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 골절위험도 평가를 비교분석하였다. 결과: GE Prodigy의 T-값($-0.52{\pm}0.97$)과 $FRAX^{TM}$의 T-값 ($-1.45{\pm}0.81$)은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p=0.000), GE Prodigy의 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도($9.15{\pm}3.71$)와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도($4.87{\pm}1.51$)도 또한 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.000). 그리고 GE Prodigy의 10년내 대퇴골 골절위험도($1.56{\pm}1.48$)와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 10년 내 대퇴골골절위험도($0.53{\pm}0.61$)도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.000). 결론: GE Prodigy와 $FRAX^{TM}$에서 측정한 골절의 절대위험도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 GE Prodigy의 T-값, 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도, 10년 내 대퇴골 골절위험도가 높게 측정되었다. 향후 $FRAX^{TM}$에 대한 평가 및 적용에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: World Health Organization (WHO) have suggested that an individual's 10-year absolute fracture risk is more reliable than Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurement as the predictor of osteoporotic fracture. In 2008, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool ($FRAX^{TM}$) was developed by WHO to evaluate fracture risk of patients based on individual's clinical risk factors. The purpose of this study is to offer the comparative analysis of the existing GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool in Absolute Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. Materials and Methods: 201 women ($55{\pm}3.5$ years) underwent femoral neck BMD measurement using GE Prodigy. The 10-year probability (%) of hip fracture (or a major osteoporosis-related fracture) was estimated using T-scores of GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$. We made a comparative analysis of these data using SPSS (Ver.12). Results: There was a significant difference statistically between T-score ($-0.52{\pm}0.97$) of GE prodigy and T-score ($-1.45{\pm}0.81$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.977, p=0.000). Also, there was a significant difference statistically between a major osteoporosis- related fracture ($9.15{\pm}3.71$) of GE prodigy and a major osteoporosis-related fracture ($4.87{\pm}1.51$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.909, p=0.000). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found in the 10-year probability of hip fracture of GE prodigy ($1.56{\pm}1.48$) and of hip fracture ($0.53{\pm}0.61$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.905, p=0.000). Conclusions: There was a significant difference statistically between GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool in Absolute Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. Especially, T-score, a major osteoporosis-related fracture and the 10-year probability of hip fracture that were estimated using GE prodigy tended to show the higher results than one evaluated by $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool. In conclusion, $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool may provide a better tool. The application of $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool as a fracture predictor remains to be clarified.

생약의 류코트리엔 $B_4$ 수용체결합 저해작용 검색

이화진,류재하,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Ryu, Jae-Ha 한국생약학회 2000 생약학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Leukotriene $B_4\;(LTB_4)$ is a pro-inflammatory mediator synthesized in myeloid cells from arachidonic acid. Elevated levels of $LTB_4$ have been found in a number of inflammatory diseases and levels are related to disease activity in some of these. Because $LTB_4$ interacts with cells through specific cell surface receptors, $LTB_4$ receptor blockade is the most specific approach to reduce the pathogenic role of $LTB_4$. In order to find $LTB_4$ receptor antagonist from plants, we screened the $LTB_4$ receptor antagonistic activity of the methanol extract and solvent fractions of herbal drugs. The ability of samples to inhibit specific binding of $[^3H]-LTB_4$ to human peripheral neutrophils was used as assay to evaluate the antagonistic activity of plant materials. Among the tested methanol extracts of herbal drugs, Mori Radicis Cortex, Perillae Semen, Armeniacae Semen and Sophorae subprostratae Radix showed potent inhibitory activity above 70% at the concentration of $100\;{mu}g/ml$. The inhibitory activities of $LTB_4$ binding to human neutrophils were evaluated for several solvent fractions at three different concentrations. Especially, hexane soluble fractions of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Embeliae Radix, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Aristolochiae Fructus, Magnoliae Cortex and Zingiberis Rhizoma crudus showed moderate activity at $25\;{mu}g/ml$. These fractions were promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided chromatographic purification of active compounds. Silica gel column chromatography of hexane soluble fractions of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Embeliae Radix gave very active sub-fractions, AA-4 and ES-4, and their inhibition activities of $LTB_4$ binding to human neutrophil at $30\;{mu}g/ml$ were 78% and 62%, respectively. From these results we could anticipate new $LTB_4$ receptor antagonist from herbal drugs, and the block of $LTB_4$ effects may provide beneficial in neutrophil mediated diseases such as inflammation and bronchial asthma.

통원 뇌졸중 환자의 우울 및 가족 지지가 재활 동기에 미치는 영향

이화진,이명선,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Yi, Myung-Sun 한국재활간호학회 2004 재활간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relationships between depression, family support, and rehabilitation-motivation in patients with cerebrovascular accident. Method: The data were collected from 'S' hospital in Seoul from Feb. 1, 2004 to Apr. 30, 2004. The data were analyzed using a SPSS 10.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The results were as follows: The mean rehabilitation-motivation was 119.89, which was slightly high. The rehabilitation-motivation was influenced by religion, education level, occupation, economic status, treatment fee, duration of hospitalization, level of language ability and ADL. Rehabilitation-motivation has showed correlation with family support (r=.538, p=.000) and depression (r=-.417, p=.000). The variables related to rehabilitation-motivation were identified as family support, level of ADL, occupation, depression, and education level, using stepwise multiple regression. They were accounted for 57% of predictability of the rehabilitation-motivation, with the family support the highest at 29.3%. Conclusion: With increasing post stroke patients in Korea, we need to pay more attention to the rehabilitation of them. This study indicates that health professionals need to focus on the intervention especially in increasing family support and in decreasing depression of the patients with cerebrovascular accident.

HSI와 YIQ의 복합 색상정보를 이용한 차량 번호판 영역 추출

이화진,박형철,전병환,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Park, Hyung-Chul,Jun, Byung-Hwan 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.12

본 논문은 자가용과 영업용 차량의 컬러 영상에서 번호판 영역을 찾는 방법에 대한 연구이다. 번호판 영역 추출을 위해 차량 영상에서 번호판 영역은 차종에 따라 일정한 색상을 가지고 있다는 특징을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 단일 색상 정보에만 의존하지 않고, HSI 컬러모델의 색상 성분 H와 YIQ 컬러 모델의 색상 성분 Q를 결합하는 방식을 제안한다. 또한 처리 과정의 효율성을 높이기 위하여 입력 영상 전체를 처리하지 않고, 수평 라인별 탐색을 통해 번호판의 높이 구간을 찾도록 한다. H 성분과 Q 성분을 각각 사용한 경우와 두 색상 성분을 결합하여 추출한 경우를 비교 실험한 결과, H 성분에만 의존한 경우는 53.6%, Q 성분에만 의존한 경우는 82.1%, 결합 색상 성분에 의한 경우에는 94.6%의 추출률을 보였다. This paper describes a method that extracts the region of car-licence plates in color images of private and commercial cars. To extract car-licence plates, we use the feature that car-licence plate regions have regular colors according to the kinds of cars. In this paper, we propose the method that combines H component of HSI color model and Q component of YIQ color model. To improve efficiency of the process, we cxplore lines ill a car image by a regular interval in a bottom-up style. As a result, the extraction rates by only H-component. only by Q- component. and by combined Hand Q, are 53.6%, 82.1%, and 94.6% respectively.

알루미나-유리 복합체용 글래스의 조성에서 $CeO_2$의 함량변화가 강도에 미치는 영향

이화진,송광엽,강정길,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Song, Kwang-Yeob,Kang, Jeong-Kil 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.5

Dental ceramics have good aesthetics, biocompatibility, low thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance, and color stability. However poor resistance to fracture and shrinkage during firing process have been limiting factors in their use, particularly in multiunit ceramic restorations. A new method for making all-ceramic crowns that have high strength and low processing shrinkage has been developed and is referred to as the Vita In-Ceram method. This study was performed to investigate the effect of $CeO_2$ addition in borosilicate glasses on the strength of alumina-glass composites. Porous alumina compacts were prepared by slip casting and sintered at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Dense composites were made by infiltration of molten glass into partially sintered alumina at $1,140^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. Specimens were polished sequentially from #800 to #2000 diamond disk. and the final surface finishing on the tensile side was received an additional polishing sequence through $1{\mu}m$ diamond paste. Biaxial flexure test was conducted by using ball-on-three-ball method at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. To examine the microstructural aspect of crack propagation in the alumina-glass composites, Vickers-produced indentation crack was made on the tensile surface at a load of 98.0 N and dwell time of 15 sec, and the radial crack patterns were examined by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The porosity rates of partially sintered alumina decreased with the rising of firing temperature. 2. The maximum biaxial flexure strength of 423.5MPa in alumina-glass composites was obtained with an addition of 3 mol% $CeO_2$ in glass composition and strength values showed the aspect of decrease with the increase of $CeO_2$ content. 3 The biaxial flexure strength values of alumina-glass composites were decreased with rising the firing temperature. 4. Observation of the fracture surfaces of alumina-glass composites indicated that the enhancement of strength in alumina-glass composites was due to the frictional or geometrical inter-locking of rough fracture surfaces and ligamentary bridging by intact islands of materials left behind the fracture front.

질환 중심 기공프로그램 개발 사전연구: 파킨슨병 관리 프로그램을 중심으로

이화진 ( Hwa Jin Lee ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ),인창식 ( Chang Shik Yin ),채윤병 ( Youn Byoung Chae ),백유상 ( You Sang Baik ),신용철 ( Yong Cheol Shin ),이상재 ( Sang Jea Lee ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4

Background: Qigong is an exercise therapy based on the principles of Traditional East Asian Medicine. The exercises combine the practice of motion and breathing, both guided by mental imagery. Beneficial effects of qigong have been reported on a variety of complaints in chronically ill patients and on gait imbalance in the elderly. Parkinson`s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects neurophysiological function, movement abilities, and quality of life. Objectives: We developed a qigong program based on the Traditional East Asian medical theory regarding the improvement of clinical symptoms of Parkinson`s disease. Methods and Results: Our qigong program consists of three parts. The first one includes movements which stimulate the meridians that run from the toes to the top of the head. The second one is composed of breathing and qigong movements that create harmony and balance with the circulation of Qi and blood on the Meridians. The third is a stage of finger pressure therapy and massage from Daoyin medical qigong to maintain meridian stability. Conclusions: These qigong program would help relieve the clinical symptoms of Parkinson`s disease patients.

영화 『나는 약신이 아니다(我不是藥神)』의 중국 사회 재현 양상

이화진(Lee, Hwa-jin) 한국중어중문학회 2021 中語中文學 Vol.- No.83

Dying to Survive is a rare case as a Chinese film which is a realist genre that combines commerciality and workability. This study sought to break away from the two-sided perception of the analysis framework of realism-nonrealism, which is an outside view of the movie, and dual confrontational perception by which analyzing the conflict structure represented in the Movie. Through this, the focus was on how the Dying to Survive represented China"s multi-layered social space in the spatio-temporal context of Shanghai in the early 2000s, including actual events. In the process of adapting the actual events, the film constructed a conflict structure different from the actual events, but represented the conflict structure on the surface in multiple layers, revealing the tension and complementary relationship between a principle of law, rationality and compassion. The film then revealed the way compassion works by illuminating the Gray Area of the under-class society in depth narrative. Through this, it extensively reproduced Chinese society in the early 2000s, the background of the film, and at the same time acquired a roundabout criticism of the reality of China in 2018, when the film was screened. As a result, this film was able to overcome the simplification of the narrative and the typicality of characters pointed out as the limit of the genre film.

조리방법 및 살균처리가 과채류를 첨가한 이유식에 미치는 영향

이화진(Hwa-Jin Lee),김수정(Soojung Kim),방은(Eun Bang),신해헌(Haehun Shin),조형용(Hyung-Yong Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.45 No.4

본 연구에서는 4~6개월의 영아에게 섭식이 적합한 미음에 과채류를 첨가한 이유식을 과채류의 첨가시기를 달리한 조리방법에 따라 제조한 후 살균과정 전과 후 이유식의 색도 및 phytochemical의 함량을 비교하여 배달 이유식 조리공정에 적합한 조리방법을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이유식의 점도는 혼합 후 가열(CM 1)로 조리하였을 때 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 중간 혼합 후 가열(CM2)로 조리 후 레토르트 처리한 경우 레토르트 처리 전보다 증가하였다. 조리방법에 따른 색도 및 phytochemical 함량 측정 결과 가열 후 혼합(CM3)으로 조리하였을 경우 사과비트미음(AB)과 비타민채배미음(VP)의 붉은색과 녹색이 가장 뚜렷하였으며, 단호박양배추미음(PC)의 경우 CM 2로 조리하였을 때 노란색을 나타내는 b값이 가장 높게 나타났다. 레토르트 처리 후 3종의 이유식 모두 레토르트 처리 전보다 색도 및 phytochemical의 함량이 낮아졌으며, 이는 가열에 의하여 이유식에 존재하던 phytochemical이 파괴된 것으로 판단되었다. 항산화 활성측정 결과 3종의 이유식 모두 조리방법에 따른 DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 차이는 나지 않았으나 ABTS 라디칼 소거능에서는 조리방법 간의 차이가 나타났다. 레토르트 처리 후 AB의 항산화 활성은 낮아진 반면, PC와 VP의 경우 레토르트 처리 전과 항산화 활성의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이유식을 3가지 조리방법에 따라 조리한 결과 과채류의 가열 처리 시간이 짧은 조리방법이 과채류의 색을 가장 잘 유지하고 phytochemical의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 살균과정을 거친 후에는 조리방법 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 이유식의 첨가되는 과채류 별로 조리과정을 거쳐야하는 CM 3 방법보다 공정이 단순한 CM 1 또는 CM 2가 상업용 배달 이유식의 조리공정에 적용이 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. This study researched the effects of cooking methods on phytochemical-enriched thin rice porridge (RP) of three colors (red, yellow, and green). Each of the RPs was prepared by three cooking methods and retorted through two-steps (step 1, at 80°C for 15 min; step 2, at 82°C for 25 min) for pasteurization. Cooking method (CM) 1 involved heating a mixture of all ingredients while CM 2 involved addition of apple/beet (AB, red), sweet-pumpkin/cabbage (PC, yellow) or vitamin/pear (green) while heating rice flour and glutinous rice flour. CM 3 involved mixing pre-cooked fruits and vegetables with cooked thin RP. The viscosity of RP prepared by CM 1 was lower than those of other RPs (P<0.05). The result of colorimetric a value show that red and green color of AB and VP prepared by CM 2 and CM 3 were most vivid. Contents of phytochemicals and antioxidants were higher when RP was prepared by CM 2 and CM 3 compared to CM 1. ΔE values of PC showed no significant difference before and after pasteurization, whereas AB and VP were significantly different (P<0.05). Antioxidant activity after retorting was not significantly different from those of un-retorted RPs. The results of color, phytochemical content, and antioxidant activity show that CM 2 or CM 3 were considerably better than CM 1, whereas cooking method had no effect after two-step retorting. Therefore, uncomplicated cooking method such as CM 1 or CM 2 are suited for commercial production of RPs.

박태원과 신감각파, `감각`의 양상과 의미

이화진 ( Lee Hwa-jin ) 반교어문학회 2016 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.44

본고는 한국 모더니즘 문학에 영향을 미친 일본 신감각파에 주목하고, 가장 적극적으로 신감각파를 받아들인 박태원과 그의 소설에 나타난 신감각의 양상을 살펴보았다. 감각이란 개인이 육체를 통해 반응하는 자각적 인식형태로, 근대문학에서 매우 중요한 요소이다. 이전 낭만주의 문학에서 보인 감각의 양상은 감정의 우월함이 전제된 주관주의가 기반되어 있다. 이와는 달리, 신감각의 모습은 근대문명을 읽어내는 방식의 하나로 주관적 감정보다는 객관화된 감각에 집중되어 있는 양상을 띤다. 일본 신감각파의 경우, 요코미츠가 그 선봉에 서 있다. 요코미츠는 종래의 자연주의에서 변형된 형태로 물적 세계에 대한 감각적 양상에 주목하여 근대적 감각을 창조해 냈다. 이러한 양상은 한국의 구인회 작가들에게 많은 영향을 주었다. 다만 일본 신감각파는 대역사건이나 대지진, 경제공황 등 일본의 혼란한 시대상에서 도피하고자 하는 경향아래서 형성되었다면, 한국에서는 근대와 식민지라는 두 가지 외연 안에 놓여 있는 현실을 자각하는 도구로서 신감각을 불러온다. 박태원이 소설 속에서 신감각을 구현해 내는 양상은 식민지 조선에서 감지되는 불모적인 세계에 대한 인식으로 채워진다. 곧 박태원의 신감각은 현실에 대한 치열한 탐색으로서의 현실감각의 재구성이라는 점에서 의미가 있다. This study focused on the Japanese Neo-sensualists who affected the modernist literature of Korea and examined the Neo-sensualist traits of Park Tae-won and his novels that accepted Neo-sensualism most actively. Senses are a form of subjective perception of the body through which an individual reacts and a very important factor of modern literature. The senses found in the romanticist literature of the past were based on subjectivity with the underlying notion of superiority of emotions. Neo-sensualism, on the other hand, is a form of reading the modern civilization and focuses on the objective senses rather than the subjective emotions. In case of the Japanese Neo-sensualist, Yokomitsu is leading the trend. Yokomitsu created modern senses by focusing on the sensual trends of material world that has evolved from the past Naturalism. This has strongly influenced the artists of Guinhoe in Korea. However, the Japanese Neo-sensualist emerged with a movement to escape from the social turmoil of Japan, such as the high treason case, the Great Quake, or the Great Depression, while Neo-sensualist in Korea was summoned to realize the reality between the two boundaries of modernism and colonialization. How Park embodies Neo-sense in his novels is filled with the realization of a barren world found in Joseon under colonialization. In other words, Park`s Neo-sense is meaningful because it reconstructed the realistic senses in the keen exploration of the reality.

노장(老莊)사상 『역전 易傳』에서 본 한국 전통춤의 무태(舞態)양상과 사상성 고찰

이화진 ( Lee Hwa-jin ) 한국무용예술학회 2016 무용예술학연구 Vol.58 No.1

This study aims at investigating the principle and ideological root of Korean traditional dance by taking notice of the point that the “Yi Zhuan” was originated from the thought of Laozi. So, through This discussion, revealed that the ideological original form and basis of Korean traditional dance were caused by the thought. The study result was drawn into two. First, it was disclosed that the idea of Ying, Yang, Hardness, and Softness of Salpuri-chum (exorcism dance) as a Korean traditional dance had organic relation with the “Yi Zhuan” and “Tuanzhuan”. Second, in the Buddhist dance, the form of “I Ching” of “Taegeuk(the Great Ultimate)” was extracted. Furthermore, dance equipped with the principle of the union of the heaven, earth, and men transcended time and space. Also, it drew the properties of Taegeuk which were manifested in breathing and spiritual energy.