골절의 절대위험도 평가방법에서 GE Prodigy와 FRAX Tool의 비교분석에 관한 고찰

이화진,이효영,윤종준,이무석,송현석,박세윤,정지욱,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Lee, Hyo-Yeong,Yun, Jong-Jun,Lee, Mu-Seok,Song, Hyeon-Seok,Park, Se-Yun,Jeong, Ji-Uk 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.3

목적: WHO (world health organization)에서는 골밀도뿐만 아니라 대규모 역학연구에서 정리된 골절의 위험인자 분석을 통하여 10년 내 골절위험도(10-year fracture probability)를 실제적으로 임상에 적용시킬 수 있는 소프트웨어 프로그램인 FRAX Tool (fracture risk assessment)이 2008년에 공개되었다. 본 연구는 기존에 사용하고 있는 GE Prodigy사의 골절위험도평가와 $FRAX^{TM}$를 이용한 골절위험도평가를 비교분석하고자 한다. 검사방법: 본원에 골밀도 검사를 시행한 201명($55{\pm}3.5$세)의 여자를 대상으로 GE Prodigy를 이용하여 Femur를 측정하였다. 측정한 Femoral Neck의 BMD (bone mineral density)를 구하여 GE Prodigy의 T-값과 골절위험인자를 고려하지 않은 $FRAX^{TM}$의 T-값를 사용하여 10년 내 대퇴골 골절위험도와 주요한 골다공증성 골절 위험도를 계산하여 SPSS통계프로그램으로 GE Prodigy의 골절위험도 평가와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 골절위험도 평가를 비교분석하였다. 결과: GE Prodigy의 T-값($-0.52{\pm}0.97$)과 $FRAX^{TM}$의 T-값 ($-1.45{\pm}0.81$)은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p=0.000), GE Prodigy의 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도($9.15{\pm}3.71$)와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도($4.87{\pm}1.51$)도 또한 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.000). 그리고 GE Prodigy의 10년내 대퇴골 골절위험도($1.56{\pm}1.48$)와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 10년 내 대퇴골골절위험도($0.53{\pm}0.61$)도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.000). 결론: GE Prodigy와 $FRAX^{TM}$에서 측정한 골절의 절대위험도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 GE Prodigy의 T-값, 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도, 10년 내 대퇴골 골절위험도가 높게 측정되었다. 향후 $FRAX^{TM}$에 대한 평가 및 적용에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: World Health Organization (WHO) have suggested that an individual's 10-year absolute fracture risk is more reliable than Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurement as the predictor of osteoporotic fracture. In 2008, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool ($FRAX^{TM}$) was developed by WHO to evaluate fracture risk of patients based on individual's clinical risk factors. The purpose of this study is to offer the comparative analysis of the existing GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool in Absolute Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. Materials and Methods: 201 women ($55{\pm}3.5$ years) underwent femoral neck BMD measurement using GE Prodigy. The 10-year probability (%) of hip fracture (or a major osteoporosis-related fracture) was estimated using T-scores of GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$. We made a comparative analysis of these data using SPSS (Ver.12). Results: There was a significant difference statistically between T-score ($-0.52{\pm}0.97$) of GE prodigy and T-score ($-1.45{\pm}0.81$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.977, p=0.000). Also, there was a significant difference statistically between a major osteoporosis- related fracture ($9.15{\pm}3.71$) of GE prodigy and a major osteoporosis-related fracture ($4.87{\pm}1.51$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.909, p=0.000). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found in the 10-year probability of hip fracture of GE prodigy ($1.56{\pm}1.48$) and of hip fracture ($0.53{\pm}0.61$) of $FRAX^{TM}$ (r=0.905, p=0.000). Conclusions: There was a significant difference statistically between GE prodigy and $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool in Absolute Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. Especially, T-score, a major osteoporosis-related fracture and the 10-year probability of hip fracture that were estimated using GE prodigy tended to show the higher results than one evaluated by $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool. In conclusion, $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool may provide a better tool. The application of $FRAX^{TM}$ Tool as a fracture predictor remains to be clarified.

HSI와 YIQ의 복합 색상정보를 이용한 차량 번호판 영역 추출

이화진,박형철,전병환,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Park, Hyung-Chul,Jun, Byung-Hwan 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.12

본 논문은 자가용과 영업용 차량의 컬러 영상에서 번호판 영역을 찾는 방법에 대한 연구이다. 번호판 영역 추출을 위해 차량 영상에서 번호판 영역은 차종에 따라 일정한 색상을 가지고 있다는 특징을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 단일 색상 정보에만 의존하지 않고, HSI 컬러모델의 색상 성분 H와 YIQ 컬러 모델의 색상 성분 Q를 결합하는 방식을 제안한다. 또한 처리 과정의 효율성을 높이기 위하여 입력 영상 전체를 처리하지 않고, 수평 라인별 탐색을 통해 번호판의 높이 구간을 찾도록 한다. H 성분과 Q 성분을 각각 사용한 경우와 두 색상 성분을 결합하여 추출한 경우를 비교 실험한 결과, H 성분에만 의존한 경우는 53.6%, Q 성분에만 의존한 경우는 82.1%, 결합 색상 성분에 의한 경우에는 94.6%의 추출률을 보였다. This paper describes a method that extracts the region of car-licence plates in color images of private and commercial cars. To extract car-licence plates, we use the feature that car-licence plate regions have regular colors according to the kinds of cars. In this paper, we propose the method that combines H component of HSI color model and Q component of YIQ color model. To improve efficiency of the process, we cxplore lines ill a car image by a regular interval in a bottom-up style. As a result, the extraction rates by only H-component. only by Q- component. and by combined Hand Q, are 53.6%, 82.1%, and 94.6% respectively.

알루미나-유리 복합체용 글래스의 조성에서 $CeO_2$의 함량변화가 강도에 미치는 영향

이화진,송광엽,강정길,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Song, Kwang-Yeob,Kang, Jeong-Kil 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.5

Dental ceramics have good aesthetics, biocompatibility, low thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance, and color stability. However poor resistance to fracture and shrinkage during firing process have been limiting factors in their use, particularly in multiunit ceramic restorations. A new method for making all-ceramic crowns that have high strength and low processing shrinkage has been developed and is referred to as the Vita In-Ceram method. This study was performed to investigate the effect of $CeO_2$ addition in borosilicate glasses on the strength of alumina-glass composites. Porous alumina compacts were prepared by slip casting and sintered at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Dense composites were made by infiltration of molten glass into partially sintered alumina at $1,140^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. Specimens were polished sequentially from #800 to #2000 diamond disk. and the final surface finishing on the tensile side was received an additional polishing sequence through $1{\mu}m$ diamond paste. Biaxial flexure test was conducted by using ball-on-three-ball method at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. To examine the microstructural aspect of crack propagation in the alumina-glass composites, Vickers-produced indentation crack was made on the tensile surface at a load of 98.0 N and dwell time of 15 sec, and the radial crack patterns were examined by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The porosity rates of partially sintered alumina decreased with the rising of firing temperature. 2. The maximum biaxial flexure strength of 423.5MPa in alumina-glass composites was obtained with an addition of 3 mol% $CeO_2$ in glass composition and strength values showed the aspect of decrease with the increase of $CeO_2$ content. 3 The biaxial flexure strength values of alumina-glass composites were decreased with rising the firing temperature. 4. Observation of the fracture surfaces of alumina-glass composites indicated that the enhancement of strength in alumina-glass composites was due to the frictional or geometrical inter-locking of rough fracture surfaces and ligamentary bridging by intact islands of materials left behind the fracture front.

생약의 류코트리엔 $B_4$ 수용체결합 저해작용 검색

이화진,류재하,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Ryu, Jae-Ha 한국생약학회 2000 생약학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Leukotriene $B_4\;(LTB_4)$ is a pro-inflammatory mediator synthesized in myeloid cells from arachidonic acid. Elevated levels of $LTB_4$ have been found in a number of inflammatory diseases and levels are related to disease activity in some of these. Because $LTB_4$ interacts with cells through specific cell surface receptors, $LTB_4$ receptor blockade is the most specific approach to reduce the pathogenic role of $LTB_4$. In order to find $LTB_4$ receptor antagonist from plants, we screened the $LTB_4$ receptor antagonistic activity of the methanol extract and solvent fractions of herbal drugs. The ability of samples to inhibit specific binding of $[^3H]-LTB_4$ to human peripheral neutrophils was used as assay to evaluate the antagonistic activity of plant materials. Among the tested methanol extracts of herbal drugs, Mori Radicis Cortex, Perillae Semen, Armeniacae Semen and Sophorae subprostratae Radix showed potent inhibitory activity above 70% at the concentration of $100\;{mu}g/ml$. The inhibitory activities of $LTB_4$ binding to human neutrophils were evaluated for several solvent fractions at three different concentrations. Especially, hexane soluble fractions of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Embeliae Radix, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Aristolochiae Fructus, Magnoliae Cortex and Zingiberis Rhizoma crudus showed moderate activity at $25\;{mu}g/ml$. These fractions were promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided chromatographic purification of active compounds. Silica gel column chromatography of hexane soluble fractions of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Embeliae Radix gave very active sub-fractions, AA-4 and ES-4, and their inhibition activities of $LTB_4$ binding to human neutrophil at $30\;{mu}g/ml$ were 78% and 62%, respectively. From these results we could anticipate new $LTB_4$ receptor antagonist from herbal drugs, and the block of $LTB_4$ effects may provide beneficial in neutrophil mediated diseases such as inflammation and bronchial asthma.

통원 뇌졸중 환자의 우울 및 가족 지지가 재활 동기에 미치는 영향

이화진,이명선,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Yi, Myung-Sun 한국재활간호학회 2004 재활간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relationships between depression, family support, and rehabilitation-motivation in patients with cerebrovascular accident. Method: The data were collected from 'S' hospital in Seoul from Feb. 1, 2004 to Apr. 30, 2004. The data were analyzed using a SPSS 10.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The results were as follows: The mean rehabilitation-motivation was 119.89, which was slightly high. The rehabilitation-motivation was influenced by religion, education level, occupation, economic status, treatment fee, duration of hospitalization, level of language ability and ADL. Rehabilitation-motivation has showed correlation with family support (r=.538, p=.000) and depression (r=-.417, p=.000). The variables related to rehabilitation-motivation were identified as family support, level of ADL, occupation, depression, and education level, using stepwise multiple regression. They were accounted for 57% of predictability of the rehabilitation-motivation, with the family support the highest at 29.3%. Conclusion: With increasing post stroke patients in Korea, we need to pay more attention to the rehabilitation of them. This study indicates that health professionals need to focus on the intervention especially in increasing family support and in decreasing depression of the patients with cerebrovascular accident.

투로(套路)(기무료법(氣舞療法): TuRo)가 여중생들의 정신건강에 미치는 효과

이화진 ( Hwa Jin Lee ),채윤병 ( Youn Byoung Chae ),안경애 ( Kyung Eh An ),함대현 ( Dae Hyun Hahm ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2006 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.23 No.2

Objectives: TuRo, defined as a dance therapy applying the meridian Qi system into the dancing movements, may have effects on ameliorating the psychological symptoms that often appear in adolescent students in a stressful situation. The Objective of the present study was to examine whether TuRo training relieves the psychological symptoms in adolescent female students. Methods: Symptom Check List-90-Revision (SCL-90-R), a 5 point Likert scale, consisted of 90 items that represent psychological symptoms, were used to measure the psychological health status in healthy adolescent female. Twenty two adolescent female students were trained TuRo dancing for two months while 29 in control group were trained mimicked movements without the concept of Qi for the same period. Changes in Somatization, Obsessive-Compulsive behaviors, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic Anxiety, Parinoid Ideation and Psychotic symptoms by the two months of training were compared between TuRo and control groups using SCL-90-R. Results: Among the nine-categorized psychological symptoms, the somatization and hostility were significantly reduced in TuRo group (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Phobic Anxiety, Hostility, Psychoticism were significantly reduced by two months of training (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01), however, group differences were not detected. Conclusions: Symptoms of somatization and hostility were significantly reduced by TuRo training. Our finding indicates that TuRo training may have therapeutic effects on the psychological symptoms in teen age girls who may suffer stress-related symptoms.

영유아기 자녀를 둔 여성의 양육 스트레스와 코로나 블루와의 관계연구: 사회적 지지의 매개효과중심으로

이화진(Hwa-Jin Lee),한삼성(Sam-Sung Han),유왕근(Wang-Keun Yoo) 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.23 No.12

본 연구는 영유아 자녀를 둔 여성을 대상으로 코로나 블루에 미치는 영향요인을 분석하고, 양육 스트레스가 코로나 블루와의 관계에서 중재변인으로 사회적 지지의 매개효과를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 대구 및 울산광역시 소재 보육시설 및 유치원 5개소에서 영유아 자녀를 둔 여성을 대상으로 2021년 12월 1일부터 2022년 3월 31일까지 설문조사를 시행한 후 무응답 및 부적절한 설문지를 제외한 318부를 최종 분석하였다. 그 결과 코로나 블루의 영향요인은 외부사람과 접촉제한과 자녀성장 발달에 불안감이 있을 때 코로나 블루는 증가한 반면, 본인 외 자녀양육 도움이 가능한 경우 코로나 블루가 감소하였다. 한편 양육 스트레스는 코로나 블루에 영향을 미치고, 사회적 지지에 의해 그 영향력이 감소하였기 때문에 사회적 지지의 부분매개효과를 확인하였다. 이상의 연구결과 사회적 지지 변인이 양육 스트레스와 우울증과의 관계에서 완충효과가 있으므로 영유아자녀를 둔 여성을 지원하기 위해 어린이집, 유치원, 보건소, 문화센터 등 사회 각 기관들을 통한 다양한 방안들을 적극적으로 활성화시키는 것이 필요하다. This study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing COVID-19 blue in women with infants and children, and to verify the mediating effect of social support as an mediating variable in the relationship with COVID-19. Data were collected and analyzed from 318 women with infants and children who live in Daegu, Ulsan cities and other areas using self-administered questionnaire from 1 Dec 2021 to 31 March 2022. The results of this study are summarized as follows. COVID-19 Blues influencing factors restricted contact with outsiders, and COVID-19 Blue increased when there was anxiety in the development of childrens growth, while COVID-19 Blue decreased when it was possible to help raise children other than oneself. Parenting stress has a significant effect on COVID-19, and the influence on COVID-19 Blue has been reduced by social support, so the partial mediating effect of social support could be confirmed. Based on the above research results, social support variables have a buffering effect on the relationship between parenting stress and depression, it is necessary to actively activate various measures through social institutions such as daycare centers, kindergartens, health centers, and cultural centers to support women with infants.

논문 : 신체적, 정신적 발달 지연 및 불임인 환자에 있어서 성염색체 이상

이화진 ( Lee Hwa Jin ),고희정 ( Go Hui Jeong ),오선경 ( O Seon Gyeong ),천대우 ( Cheon Dae U ),서창석 ( Seo Chang Seog ),김석현 ( Kim Seog Hyeon ),문신용 ( Mun Sin Yong ) 서울대학교 인구의학연구소 2002 人口醫學硏究論集 Vol.15 No.-

불편감을 가진 암환자와의 간호대화 분석

이화진(Lee, Hwa Jin) 한국간호과학회 2007 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.37 No.1

발치후 즉시 매식한 골내 매식체와 골조직 계면의 조직학적 연구

이화진(Hwa-Jin Lee),송광엽(Kwang-Yeob Song),박찬운(Charn-Woon Park) 대한턱관절교합학회 1994 구강회복응용과학지 Vol.10 No.2