반도체 습식 세정 공정 중 상온의 초순수와 염기성 수용액 내에서 오존의 용해도 최적화

이상호,이승호,김규채,권태영,박진구,배소익,이건호,김인정,Lee Sang-Ho,Lee Seung-Ho,Kim Kyu-Chae,Kwon Tae-Young,Park Jin-Goo,Bae So-Ik,Lee Gun-Ho,Kim In-Jung 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2005 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.4 No.4

The process optimization of ozone concentration and half life time was investigated in ultra pure water and alkaline solutions for the wet cleaning of silicon wafer surface at room temperature. In the ultra pure water,. the maximum concentration (35 ppm) of ozone was measured at oxygen flow rate of 3 liters/min and ozone generator power over 60%. The half life time of ozone increased at lower power of ozone generator. Additive gases such as $N_2$ and $CO_2$ were added to increase the concentration and half life time of ozone. Although the maximum ozone concentration was higher with the addition of $N_2$ gas, a longer half life time was observed with the addition of $CO_2$. When $NH_4OH$ of 0.05 or 0.10 vol% was added in DI water, the pH of the solution was around 10. The addition of ozone resulted in the half life time less than 1 min. In order to maintain high pH and ozone concentration, ozone was continuously supplied in 0.05 vol% ammonia solutions. 3 ppm of ozone was dissolved in ammonia solutions. The static contact angle of silicon wafer surface became hydrophilic. The particle removal was possible alkaline ozone solutions. The organic contamination can be removed by ozonated ultra pure water and then alkaline solution containing ozone can remove the particles on silicon surface at room temperature.

이어도 종합해양과학기지의 복사관측소 환경 개선 및 국제화 추진 전략

이상호,조일성,이규태,김부요,정현석,임세훈,변도성,이주영,LEE, SANG-HO,Zo, Il-SUNG,LEE, KYU-TAE,KIM, BU-YO,JUNG, HYUN-SEOK,RIM, SE-HUN,BYUN, DO-SEONG,LEE, JU-YEONG 한국해양학회 2017 바다 Vol.22 No.3

정확한 복사 관측자료는 기후 및 날씨뿐만 아니라 해양과 건축 및 농 축산 분야 등 중요하게 활용된다. 특히 이어도와 같은 종합 해양과학기지는 주변 환경에 의한 복사 반사 효과를 최소화할 수 있기 때문에 이상적인 관측소로 평가되며 여기서 생산되는 자료는 복사관측의 기준 자료가 될 수 있다. 또한 BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) 등 세계복사관측그룹 가입을 위한 필수 장비들(전천과 직달 및 산란 일사계 등)을 갖추고 관측소 환경을 개선할 경우 전 세계적인 중요 관측소로 부각될 수 있는 여건을 갖추고 있다. 이어도 종합해양과학기지는 2004년 11월부터 일사계 관측을 수행해 왔고 이 연구에서는 2005년 1월 1일부터 2015년 12월 31일까지의 자료를 분석하였다. 이 연구 기간에 이어도의 일평균 일사량은 $-3.80W/m^2/year$로 감소하였고 그 이유는 자연적 원인 이외에 관측장비의 센서 반응도 감소 효과가 포함되어 있기 때문이다. 즉 이어도 종합해양과학기지의 경우 정밀한 복사 관측 자료를 생산하기 위해서는 관측소 환경 개선뿐만 아니라 관측장비 및 자료 보정이 요구된다. 그리고 한반도의 대기 청정도와 국민 건강을 크게 위협하고 있는 중국발 황사와 미세 먼지는 전 세계 과학자들의 중요 관심 대상이기 때문에 이어도뿐만 아니라 신안 가거초 및 옹진 소청초 종합해양과학기지 복사 관측자료를 통한 공동 대응 근거 마련이 필요하며 그에 따라 이들 복사관측소 환경 및 장비 개선 그리고 관측자료 정확성 향상 계획 수립이 시급하다. The radiation observation data will be used importantly in research field such as climatology, weather, architecture, agro-livestock and marine science. The Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) is regarded as an ideal observatory because its location can minimize the solar radiation reflection from the surrounding background and also the data produced here can serve as a reference data for radiation observation. This station has the potential to emerge as a significant observatory and join a global radiation observation group such as the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), if the surrounding of observatory is improved and be equipped with the essential radiation measuring instruments (pyaranometer and pyrheliometer). IORS has observed the solar radiation using a pyranometer since November 2004 and the data from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015 were analyzed in this study. During the period of this study, the daily mean solar radiation observed from IORS decreased to $-3.80W/m^2/year$ due to the variation of the sensor response in addition to the natural environment. Since the yellow sand and fine dust from China are of great interest to scientists around the world, it is necessary to establish a basis of global joint response through the radiation data obtained at the Ieodo as well as at Sinan Gageocho and Ongjin Socheongcho Ocean Research Station. So it is an urgent need to improve the observatory surrounding and the accuracy of the observed data.

중풍환자(中風患者)의 불면증(不眠症)에 피내침(皮內針)의 유효성(有效性) 및 적응증(適應證) 평가(評價)

이상호,김은주,김이동,윤상필,이차로,홍진우,정동원,문상관,조기호,김영석,Lee Sang-Ho,Kim Eun-Ju,Kim Lee-Dong,Yun Sang-Pil,Lee Cha-Ro,Hong Jin-Woo,Jeong Dong-Won,Moon Sang-Kwan,Cho Ki-Ho,Kim Young-Suk 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Objective : Insomnia is the disorder of initiation or maintenance in sleeping that results in daytime sleepiness and dysfunction, and it arises from multiple psychological, physiological and environmental factors. A number of stroke patients suffer from insomnia are classified as sleep disorder patients with physical illness. In addition, insomnia may have profound deleterious effects on the natural course of stroke. We are to assess the effectiveness of intradermal acupucture on stroke combined with insomnia. Methods : We recruited hospitalized patients with insomnia after stroke. Then, the subjects were allocated into a treatment group and a control group by randomization. The treatment group received intradermal acupuncture therapy at He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) correctly. However in control group, intradermal acupuncture were just attached to He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) without insertion. Treatment over time at first day and second day a various indexes were repeatedly checked such as sleep latency, total sleep time, sleep quality, condition on awakening, ability of concentration, morning sleepiness, Insomnia Severity Index, and Athens Insomnia Scale. In the second analysis, we divided the treatment group into a response and a non-response group by their response to intradermal acupuncture. With the acupuncture treatment, accompanied symptoms were checked Results : Among thirty two subjects, two of them were dropped out: One complained the pain from needle insertion, and the other underwent the change of his herbal medication. At baseline investigation with the residual 30 subjects, the control and the treatment group were assessed to have an equal comparability. In the treatment group, sleep latency, total sleeping time, a number of awakenings, sleep quality and ability of concentration showed improvement significantly compared with the control group. The non-response Group showed symptoms such as nausea and halitosis, belching and acid regurgitation, abundant expectoration, while Responder Group showed palpitation, oppressed feelings in chest and sleep disorder. Conclusions: The result of this clinical study suggests that the intradermal acupuncture at He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) is one of the effective treatments for the insomnia after stroke.

PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF ADHESIVE TAPE SUPPLEMENTED WITH NaF ON ENAMEL EROSION IN VITRO

이상호,이난영,이인화,Lee, Sang-Ho,Lee, Nan-Young,Lee, In-Hwa Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구는 불소함유 접착테잎의 법랑질 침식 예방효과를 평가하기 위해건강한 소의 치아를 절단하여 아크릴 주형에 매몰하고 정중선에 홈을 형성하여 대조면과 불소 제제를 도포할 실혐면으로 나누었다. 시편을 무작위로 18개씩 4군으로 나누었다. 1군은 APF gel를 도포하고, 2군은 불소 바니쉬를 도포하였으며, 3군과 4군은 5% NaF를 각각 첨가한 methyl cellulose와 poly vinyl alcohol 테잎을 부착하였다. 시편을 콜라에 5분, 증류수에 10분씩 6회 번갈아 처리하며 5일 동안 반복하였다. 시간 경과에 따라 표면미세경도를 측정하고 5일후 각 시편을 절단하여 침식병소의 깊이를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 표면미세경도 값은 5일째만 제외하고 2군, 3군, 4군의 실험면이 각각의 대조면에 비해 컸다 (p<0.05). 2군, 3군, 4군의 실험면 역시 5일째만 제외하고 1군의 실험면에 비해 표면미세경도가 컸다 (p<0.05). 3군과 4군 사이에는 표면미세 경도의 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 1군의 실험면과 대조면은 표면미세경도의 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 침식병소의 깊이는 2군, 3군, 4군의 실험면이 각각의 대조면에 비해 컸다(p<0.05). 2군, 3군, 4군의 실험면은 1군의 실험면에 비해 침식병소의 깊이가 얕았다 (p<0.05). 2군, 3군, 4군의 실험면 사이의 침식병소의 깊이는 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). 상기 결과로 보아 새로 개발된 불소함유 접착테잎은 기존의 불소 바니쉬와 같은 법랑질 침식 예방효과가 분명하게 나타나, 법랑질 침식에 감수성이 높은 어린이 환자에게 임상적인 예방법으로서 활용할 수 있는 가능성이 높다고 사료된다. This study examined the effect of adhesive tape supplemented with sodium fluoride on the prevention of dental erosion in vitro. Sound bovine tooth samples were selected and divided randomly into the following 4 groups according to the material treatments: group 1, APF gel; group 2, fluoride varnish; and groups 3 and 4, fluoride tape supplemented with 5% NaF in either a methyl cellulose or poly vinyl acetate carrier, respectively. All specimens were submitted to alternate cycles of acid exposure in a cola beverage (pH 4.3) and artificial saliva for $6\;{\times}\;5\;min/day$ over a 5 day period. The micro-hardness was recorded each day and the lesion depth was measured after 5 days. The micro-hardness of the experimental sides of groups 2, 3 and 4 were significantly higher than that of their control sides and the experimental side of group 1 during the experimental period (p<0.05) except on the 5th day. The enamel surfaces of treatment groups 2, 3 and 4 showed significantly higher resistance to mineral loss in terms of the erosion depth (p<0.05) than group 1 and their control sides. There was no statistically significant difference among group 2, 3 and 4, indicating that the fluoride varnish and tapes produce similar results. Fluoride adhesive tapes are effective in reducing the progression of erosion and can be recommended for young patients who are more susceptible to dental erosion.

어선 해난사고의 원인분석 및 대책 - 어선 기관고장을 중심으로

이상호,Lee, Sang-Ho 선박안전기술공단 1983 漁船 Vol.15 No.-

소양강댐 가상 파괴파의 수치모의

이상호,이길성,Lee, Sang Ho,Lee, Kil Seong 대한토목학회 1992 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.12 No.2

파괴양상, 조도, 하류댐 지점의 수위-유량 관계 및 붕괴여부에 불확실성이 있으나, 소양강댐이 가상 파괴될 경우 댐 파괴파의 전파양상을 DAMBRK로 수치모의하였다. 모의결과, 서울은 6~8시간 내에 범람이 예상되며 표고 30-20m 이하 지역이 침수되고, 춘천의 대부분 지역이 침수된다. 첨두유량은 파괴시간 1~2시간에 대하여 인도교에서 약 7.0만 CMS이고 춘천은 약 22~34만 CMS였다. 민감도 분석결과 하류댐들의 붕괴여부나 파괴양상이 서울지역에 대한 범람양상에 크게 영향을 미치지는 않았다. With the uncertainty of breaching mechanism, channel roughness, and elevation-discharge relationship at the downstream dam sites, the dam break wave from the hypothetical failure of Soyanggang dam is routed by DAMBRK. Simulation results show that lower region of Seoul will be flooded in 6~8 hours which has the elevation lower than 30~20m, and most part of Chuncheon will also be flooded. The peak discharge becomes approximately 70,000 CMS at Indogyo, and 220,000~340,000 CMS at Chuncheon. Sensitivity analysis shows that the inundation feature of Seoul will hardly be affected by the failure of downstream dams.

매립지 침출수 누출 감지 시스템

이상호,Lee, Sang-Ho 환경보전협회 2006 환경정보 Vol.28 No.364

Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) 평가 도구를 이용한 요통환자의 기능장애에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구

이상호,박지환,Lee, Sang-Ho,Park, Ji-Whan 대한정형도수물리치료학회 2007 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Objective: The Purpose of this study is the factive and descriptive research to identify the factors affecting the functional disability of the chronic low back pain patients. We investigated the effect of ODI by the Questionnaire and questioned an 70 patients who were back pain unit at G university hospital in D city from March to May, 2007. The functional disorder in this study were based on the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) lower back pain disability questionnaire by fairbank(1980), and these data were proceeded by using SPSS/WIN version 10.0. Result: 1. The functional disorder in accordance with age, gender, academic background, occupation, diagnosis, pain cause, pain experience, treatment duration had no significantly similar difference statistically(p>0.05). 2. The functional disorder in accordance with duration of painful generation had statistically significance(P<0.05). Conclusion: we could verify that duration of painful generation affect on the factors affecting the functional disability of the low back pain patients.

적층계(積層係)를 통과하는 소성응력파(塑性應力波)의 전파(傳波)

이상호,안병기,강영구,Lee, Sang Ho,Ahn, Byoung Ki,Kang, Young Goo 대한토목학회 1993 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.13 No.2

충돌이나 폭파시 발생하는 기계적 에너지나 화학적 에너지는 응력파의 형태로 매체를 통과하게 되며, 매체의 자유면과 절리면을 따라 반사와 굴절을 거듭하는 매우 복잡한 과정을 거치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 재료특성을 달리하는 층을 통과하는 소성응력파의 전파과정을 압력 부종속 모델인 Von-Mises 모델을 사용하여 연구하였다. 응력파의 전파과정을 연구하기 위한 지배 방정식(governing equation)으로서는 물체에 종속되어 있는 라그란지안 좌표계(lagrangian coordinate system)로 표현된 운동량과 질량보존(conservation of momentum and mass)법칙식을 사용하였으며 또한 충격전면(shock front)에 연속성을 부여하기 위해 인공점성(artificial viscosity)을 운동량 보존식에 첨가하였다. 주요 방정식을 풀기 위한 수치해석법으로는 시간과 공간 좌표계로 구성된 유한차분법(finite difference method)을 사용하였으며 소성변형률을 구하기 위한 소성이론으로서는 associated normality flow rule을 사용하였다. The stress waves generated by the mechanical energies by impact or the chemical energies by the explosions are transmitted through medium. The wave propagation process through medium is a very complicated procedure due to the reflections and refractions of the waves at the free surfaces and interfaces. In this study the pressure independent Von-Mises model is employed for the wave propagation analysis in the layered systems. Governing equations of this study are conservation equations of momentum and mass in Lagrangian coordinate system which is fixed to the material. Due to the shock-front which violates the continuity assumptions inherent in the differential equations numerical artificial viscosity is used to spread the shock front over several computational zones. These equations are solved by Finite Difference Method with discretized time and space coordinates. The associate normality flow rule as a plastic theory is implemented to find the plastic strains.

한국 소아치과의 현재와 전망 - 치아우식증관리 분야를 중심으로 -

이상호,Lee, Sang-Ho 대한소아치과학회 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.2

General status of pediatric dentistry in Korea is to conduct vigorous academic activities and specialized medical care centering the Korean Association of Pediatric Dentistry (KAPD) that has about 1,000 pediatric dentists as members, pediatric dentistry departments of 11 Colleges of Dentistry, numbers of pediatric dentistry training institutions and private clinics specialized in children. From 1996, the accredited pediatric dentists were produced by the KAPD and from 2008, the state began to produce the accredited pediatric dentists. Since then, doctors with expertise in pediatric care had opened private clinics in addition to the university hospitals, it became the basis of a momentum to deepen the specialty of pediatric dentistry. The Dentistry community of Korea is going through rapid and profound changes recently, and the underlying reasons for such changes can be classified largely into a few categories: (1) Decreasing population and structural changes in population (2) Increase in numbers of dentists, (3) Changes in the pattern of dental diseases and (4) Changes in medical environment. In Korea, the children population in the age range of 0 ~ 14 years old had been decreased by 2 million in 2010 compared to that of 2000 due to reduction of birth rate. The current population of children in the age range of 0 ~ 4 years old in 2010 takes up 16.2% of the total population, but it is estimated that such percentage would decrease to 8.0% by 2050. Such percentage is largely behind the estimated mean global population of 19.6% by 2050. On the other hand, the number of dentists had been largely increased from 18,000 in 2000 to 25,000 in 2010. And it is estimated that the number will be increased to 41,000 by 2030. In addition, the specialized personnel of Pediatric dentistry had been shown as increased by 2.5 times during past 10 years. For the changes in the pattern of dental diseases, including dental caries, each df rate of 5 years old children and 12 years old children had been decreased by 21.9% and 16.7% respectively in 2010 compared to 2000. Each df Index also had been decreased by 2.5 teeth and 1.2 teeth respectively. The medical expenditure of Korea is less than that of OECD and more specifically, the expenditure from the National Health Plan is less than OECD but the expenditure covered by households is larger than OECD. These facts indicate that it is considered as requiring the coverage of the national health plan to be reinforced more in the future and as such reinforcement needs continuous promotion. In medical examination pattern of Pediatric dentistry, the preventive and corrective treatment were increased whereas the restorative treatment was decreased. It is considered that such change is caused from decrease of dental caries from activation of the prevention project at national level. For the restorative treatment, the restorations in use of dental amalgam, pre-existing gold crowning and endodontic treatment had been decreased in their proportion while the restorative treatment in use of composite resin had been increased. It is considered that such changes is caused by the change of demands from patients and family or guardians as they desired more aesthetic improvement along with socio-economic growth of Korean society. Due to such changes in dentistry, the pediatric dentistry in Korea also attempts to have changes in the patterns of medical examination as follows; It tends to implement early stage treatment through early diagnosis utilizing various diagnostic tools such as FOTI or QLF. The early stage dental caries so called white spot had been included in the subjects for dental care or management and in order to do so, the medical care guidelines essentially accompanied with remineralization treatment as well as minimally invasive treatment is being generalized gradually. Also, centering the Pediatric dentists, the importance of caries risk assessment is being recognized, in addition that the management of