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혈관연축성 협심증 환자에서 운동부하검사 반응의 일중변동과 비약물 연축유발검사의 진단적 가치
윤경호(Kyung Ho Yun),오석규(Seok Kyu Oh),정진원(Jin Won Jeong),박양규(Yang Kyu Park) 대한내과학회 2001 대한내과학회지 Vol.60 No.4
N/A Background: Exercise test s (ET), hyperventilation test s (HVT) and cold pressor tests (CPT) have been used t o induce coronary artery spasm. However their diagnostic significance and the circadian variation of exercise test response in patients with vasospastic angina are still uncertain. Methods: To elucidate the circadian variation of ET response and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of non-pharmacological provocation tests, 21 consecutive patients with pure vasospastic angina were studied. Six ETs were performed in the early morning, late morning, and late afternoon in consecutive days, 2 HVTs and 2 CPTs in the early morning. The circadian distribution and types of angina (at rest , on physical activity, or both) from before admission to after discharge (mean follow-up periods 19±9 months) were evaluated by clinical history, clinical records and Holter recordings . Circadian distribution of anginal attacks recorded through the all observation periods were classified into 3 patterns (morning and night : MN, morning and afternoon or evening : M+F/ E, morning, night and afternoon and/ or evening : MN+F/ E). Results: One hundred and eleven ETs (39 early morning, 38 late morning, 34 late afternoon tests), 35 HVTs and 33 CPT s were performed. ETs showed 14 positive responses (36%) in the early morning, 14 (37%) in the late morning and 12 (35%) in the late afternoon without any circadian variation. Among the 11 patients who underwent all 6 exercise tests, 3 patients (27%) showed at least one positive response in the early morning, 4 (36%) in the late morning and 4 (36%) in the late afternoon. Subgroups of the subjects according to the types and activity of angina and the numbers of spastic artery also failed to show any circadian variation in ET response, but M+F/ E group of circadian pattern of angina showed a peak of positive response in the early morning (p <0.05). HVTs showed significantly higher positive response (23/35, 66%, p <0.05) than ETs (14/ 39, 36%) and CPTs showed significantly lower positive response (2/ 33, 6%, p <0.01) than ETs in the early morning. Double test s with more than 1 positive response couldn`t increase the positive response in ETs (9/19, 47%), and CPTs (2/14, 14%) but increased significantly in HVTs (15/16, 94%, p<0.05), particularly in the group with low activity (7/ 8, 86%, p <0.01). ETs showed ST segment elevation in 29 (72%) and depression in 11 (28%) of the 40 positive tests, HVTs in 21 (91%) and 2 (9%) of the 23 positive tests and CPTs in 2 (100%) and 0 (0%) of the 2 positive tests. The ST segment elevation was significantly higher in HVTs than in ET (p <0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the exercise test in the early morning do not increase positive response and is not a sensitive diagnostic test associated with occasional depression of ST segment , but hyperventilation test , especially if repeated, is a very sensitive test with predominant elevation of ST segment in patients with vasospastic angina.(Korean J Med 60:358- 367, 2001)
$UO_2-6wt%Gd_2O_3$ 소결체에서 Al 첨가가 소결성 및 미세조직에 미치는 영향
백종혁,유호식,윤경호,김형수,서금석,Baek, Jong-Hyeok,Yu, Ho-Sik,Yun, Gyeong-Ho,Kim, Hyeong-Su,Seo, Geum-Seok 한국재료학회 1995 한국재료학회지 Vol.5 No.6
The sinterability and the microstructure of Al doped UO$_2$-6wt%Gd$_2$O$_3$pellets, which were doped using Al(OH)$_3$, ADS(aluminium distearate), Al(OH)$_3$+ ADS mixture and sintered at 1$700^{\circ}C$ for 4h in H$_2$, atmospheres, were examined. The sintered densities of Al doped UO$_2$-6wt%Gd$_2$O$_3$pellets were more than 94% T.D.. The open porosity in ADS doped pellets was dramatically decreased. And the amounts of pores less than l${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and larger than 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were decreased regardless of the kinds of doped Al compounds. And the average pore size of Al doped UO$_2$-6wt%Gd$_2$O$_3$pellets was ranged between 2 and 3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. While grain structure of non-doped UO$_2$-6wt%Gd$_2$O$_3$pellets was revealed to be duplex type (rocks in sands), that of Al doped pellets to be uniformly equiaxid type. Especially, the grain size in ADS doped pellets was averaged to 4.6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. $UO_2$-6wt%Gd$_2$O$_3$가연성 독물질 소결체에 미량첨가한 Al 화합물(Al(OH)$_3$, ADS(aluminium disterate), Al(OH)$_3$+ADS)이 소결성 및 미세조직에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 Al이 첨가된 $UO_2$-6wt%Gd$_2$O$_3$압분체를 1$700^{\circ}C$, 수소 분위기에서 4시간동안 소결한 후 특성시험을 수행하였다 Al을 첨가한 $UO_2$-6wt%Gd$_2$O$_3$의 소결밀도는 94% T.D.이상이였고, ADS를 이용한 Al 첨가가 개기공도 감소에 상대적으로 크게 기여하였다. 또한 Al을 첨가하면 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상의 큰 기공과 1$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하의 작은 기공은 많이 줄어들었고 첨가된 Al 화합물의 종류와는 무관하게 평균 기공크기는 2-3$\mu\textrm{m}$였다. 그리고 Al을 첨가하지 않은 소결체의 결정립은 이중 결정립 형태를 갖는 반면에 Al을 첨가하면 결정립은 균일하였다. 특히, ADS를 첨가한 소결체의 평균 결정립 크기는 4.6$\mu\textrm{m}$로 가장크게 증가하였다.
전북지역 급성 ST 분절 상승 심근경색증 환자의 119 이용 실태
우선호 ( Sun Ho Woo ),윤경호 ( Kyeong Ho Yun ),이미림 ( Mi Rim Lee ),김은경 ( Eun Kyoung Kim ),고점석 ( Jum Suk Ko ),이상재 ( Sang Jae Rhee ),이정미 ( Jeong Mi Lee ),김남호 ( Nam-ho Kim ),오석규 ( Seok Kyu Oh ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회지 Vol.90 No.6
목적: 급성 ST 분절 상승 심근경색증 환자에서 최초 의료접촉 방식 및 이에 따른 특성과 시간과의 관계를 조사했다. 방법: 전북 권역심혈관센터 데이터베이스에 등록된 527명의 일차적 관상동맥 중재시술을 받았던 급성 ST 분절 상승심근경색증 환자를 대상으로 의료 접촉 방식에 따른 일반적특징, 사회적 요인 및 시간 지연에 대한 예측 인자에 대해 조사했다. 결과: 전체 환자 중에서 28.8%만이 119를 이용했으며, 이들은 심부전, 심인성 쇼크 등의 임상 양상이 더 좋지 않았다. 최초 119를 이용하였어도 36.2%의 환자가 중재시술이 불가능한 병원으로 이송되었고 이들은 유의하게 증상 발생 후 관상동맥 중재술 시행까지 시간이 지연되었다(211.3 ± 358.0분vs. 320.2 ± 374.6분, p = 0.034). 증상 발생 후 관상동맥 중재술 시행까지 시간 단축의 독립적인 요인으로는 119를 이용(OR = 0.4, p < 0.001)하는 것과 이전 관상동맥 중재술 기왕력(OR = 0.4, p = 0.033)이었으며, 시간 지연의 독립적인 요인으로는 65세 이상의 고령(OR = 1.9, p = 0.003)과 중재술이 불가능한 병원을 먼저 내원한 경우(OR = 2.0, p < 0.001)였다. 결론: 전북 권역 심근경색증 환자들은 낮은 119 이용률을 보이며, 상당수가 중재시술이 불가능한 병원으로 이송되고 있다. 심근경색증에 대한 증상 인지율을 높이고 증상이 시작되면 즉시 119 구급차를 이용하여 중재시술이 가능한 병원으로 방문하도록 하는 홍보 및 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: The use of emergency medical services (EMSs) at the onset of pain, and the relationship between transport type and the treatment delay for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were evaluated using the Jeonbuk Regional Cardiovascular Center database. Methods: In total, 527 STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in this study. Basic characteristics, socioeconomic variables, and delay factors were compared between patients that contacted an EMS as first medical contact (FMC) and patients that used other forms of FMC. Results: Only 28.8% of patients used EMS as their FMC. The patients that used EMS showed significantly shorter onset-to-balloon time than those who did not (250.7 ± 366.6 min vs. 405.9 ± 649.8 min, p = 0.001). However, 36.2% of patients that used EMS as FMC were transported to non-PCI-capable centers, which led to significantly prolonged onset-to-balloon time. Multivariate analysis revealed that transfer via another hospital (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, p < 0.001), EMS as FMC (OR 0.4, p < 0.001), age > 65 years (OR 1.9, p = 0.003), and previous history of PCI (OR 0.4, p = 0.033) were independent predictors of pre-hospital delay. Conclusions: EMS used as FMC at the onset of chest pain was an important factor for decreasing treatment delay in patients with STEMI. However, a small number of patients used EMS as FMC, and some patients that used EMS were transported to non-PCI-capable centers. Public campaigns and education are needed to raise the public awareness of STEMI and the use of EMSs. (Korean J Med 2016;90:507-513)
공리적 설계를 이용한 원자로 핵연료봉 지지격자체의 설계
송기남,강병수,최성규,윤경호,박경진,Song, Gi-Nam,Gang, Byeong-Su,Choe, Seong-Gyu,Yun, Gyeong-Ho,Park, Gyeong-Jin 대한기계학회 2002 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.26 No.8
Recently, much attention is imposed on the design of the fuel assemblies in the Pressurized Light Water Reactor (PWR). Spacer grid is one of the main structural components in a fuel assembly. It supports fuel rods, guides cooling water, and maintains a coolable geometry from the external impact loads. In this research, a new shape of the spacer grid is designed by the axiomatic approach. The Independence axiom is utilized for the design. For conceptual design, functional requirements (FRs) are defined and corresponding design parameters (DPs) are found to satisfy FRs in sequence. Overall configuration and shapes are determined in this process. Detail design is carried out based on the result of the axiomatic design. For the detail design, the system performances are evaluated by using linear and nonlinear finite element analysis. The dimensions are determined by optimization. Some commercial codes are utilized for the analysis and design.