나라기록관 미소독 서고의 실내공기중 부유세균 조사

김수산,김예은,노형진,이동형,김준영,안금란,김성환 한국냄새환경학회 2021 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.20 No.1

To obtain information on the indoor air quality of un-disinfected libraries used for paper records preservation, temperature, humidity, and bacterial concentration and species were investigated at five un-disinfected libraries from May to September in 2019 in the National Archives, Seoul (Nara Repository), Korea. Temperature and humidity of all the five un-disinfected libraries were well maintained at 18-22oC and 40-55% in compliance with the National Archives Paper Records Preservation Environment Standard. Bacterial concentration ranged from 2 CFU/m3 up to 280 CFU/m3 which were lower than the Korean indoor air quality standard value. A total of 68 bacterial species belonging to 33 genera were identified from indoor air of the five un-disinfected libraries. Among the 33 genera, Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Staphylococcus were the major genera. Only Micrococcus yunnanensis, Roseomonas mucosa, and Moraxella osloensis were commonly found among the five un-disinfected libraries. Bacterial species producing colonies with color on TSA media were present. Among the 68 species, Bacillus circulans and B. megaterium known to produce cellulases were found. There were also 17 species which have harmful effect on human health. The results of this study indicate that continuous monitoring of air borne bacteria is necessary in the un-disinfected libraries used for paper records preservation.

Recently developed methods to enhance stability of heterogeneous catalysts for conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks

김수산,Yiu Fai Tsang,Eilhann E.Kwon,Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,이제찬 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.1

Many processes for the conversion of biomass and its derivatives into value-added products (e.g., fuels and chemicals) use heterogeneous catalysts. However, the catalysts often suffer from deactivation under harsh reaction conditions, such as liquid phase at high temperatures and pressures. The catalyst deactivation is a big obstacle to developing industrially relevant biomass conversion processes, including leaching, sintering, and poisoning of metals and collapse of catalyst support. Different approaches have been applied to limit the reversible and irreversible deactivation, highly associated with the kind of catalyst, reactants, reaction conditions, etc. This review presents recent advances in strategies to stabilize heterogeneous catalysts against deactivation for biomass conversion reactions.

대기전력저감 및 정확한 출력전압 제어가 가능한 Secondary Side Regulator

김수산(Soo-San Kim),허태원(Tae-Won Heo),최흥균(Heung-kyun Choi),김희욱(Hugh Kim),한상규(Sang-Kyoo Han) 전력전자학회 2014 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.7

고 전력밀도 역률 개선 AC/DC 컨버터

김수산(Su-San Kim),김효훈(Hyo-Hun Kim),권기현(Gie-Hyoun Kweon),허태원(Taewon Heo),류동균(Dongkyun Ryu),최흥균(Heunggyoon Choi),김희욱(Hugh Kim),한상규(Sang-Kyoo Han) 전력전자학회 2015 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.07

Cervical Lymph Node Involvement above the Supraclavicular Fossa in Breast Cancer: Comparison with Stage IIIC (KROG 18-02)

김재식,김규보,신경환,김진호,안승도,김수산,김용배,장지석,최두호,박원,김태현,전미선,차지혜,김진희,이동수,이선영,박혜진 한국유방암학회 2020 Journal of breast cancer Vol.23 No.2

Purpose: We aimed to analyze the treatment outcomes of ipsilateral cervical lymph node (CLN)-positive breast cancer without other distant metastasis and compare the outcomes with those of supraclavicular lymph node (SCL)-positive breast cancer. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with breast cancer and ipsilateral CLN metastasis above the supraclavicular fossa (CLN[+] group) were treated at 7 institutions (2000–2014). Seventy�four patients received systemic chemotherapy and breast surgery followed by locoregional radiotherapy. Outcomes of the CLN(+) group were compared with those of the SCL(+) group, which included 183 patients with SCL involvement. Results: The median follow-up duration was 55.9 months. Twenty-two regional failures were found in 15 patients—axillary lymph node (LN) in 8, SCL in 6, internal mammary LN in 3, previously involved CLN in 4, and previously uninvolved ipsilateral CLN in one patient. The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were 68.6%, 46.7%, 68.4%, and 57.0%, respectively. Neck dissection did not improve LRRFS and DFS (p = 0.86 and p = 0.26, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that hormone receptor negativity and the presence of extracapsular extension were prognostic factors for poor DFS. On comparison with stage IIIC using propensity score matching, survival outcomes of the CLN(+) and SCL(+) groups were not different (5-year OS, p = 0.75; DFS, p = 0.88; LRRFS, p = 0.86; and DMFS, p = 0.45). Conclusion: The comparable clinical outcomes indicate that patients with breast cancer who have ipsilateral CLN metastasis without other distant metastasis may benefit from locoregional treatment of the ipsilateral breast and systemic therapies, as do those with N3c disease.

토양에 매몰 방제된 화상병 감염 사과와 배 나무로부터 화상병균 생존 조사

김예은,김준영,노형진,이동형,김수산,김성환 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회지 Vol.38 No.4

BACKGROUND: Since 2015, fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora has been devastating apple and pear orchards every year. To quickly block the disease spreading, infected apple and pear trees have been buried in soil. However, concern on the possibility of the pathogen survival urgently requires informative data on the buried host plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the survival of the pathogen from the buried host plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: Apple trees buried in 42 months ago in a Jecheon site and pear trees buried in 30 months ago in an Anseong site were excavated using an excavator. Plant samples were taken from stems and twigs of the excavated trees. The collected 120 samples were checked for rotting and used for bacterial isolation, using TSA, R2A, and E. amylovora selection media. The purely isolated bacteria were identified based on colony morphology and 16S rDNA sequences. Wood rotting and decay with off smells and discoloring were observed from the samples. A total of 17 genera and 48 species of bacteria were identified but E. amylovora was not detected. CONCLUSION: Our investigation suggests that the survival of E. amylovora doesn’t seem possible in the infected hosts which have been buried in soil for at least 30 months. Therefore, the burial control can be considered as a safe method for fire blight disease.

원발성 안와 림프종의 방사선치료 성적에 관한 후향적 분석

김수산(Sussan Kim),안승도(Seung Do Ahn),장혜숙(Hyesook Chang),김경주(Kyoung Ju Kim),이상욱(Sang-Wook Lee),최은경(Eun Kyung Choi),김종훈(Jong Hoon Kim),허주령(Jooryung Huh),서철원(Cheol Won Suh),김성배(Sung Bae Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 2002 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.20 No.2

목 적 : 원발성 안와 림프종으로 진단 받고 방사선치료를 받은 환자들을 대상으로 치료 반응, 재발 양상, 생존률 및 치료 부작용에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1991년 2월부터 2001년 4월까지 서울중앙병원에서 원발성 안와 림프종으로 진단 받고 방사선치료를 받은 31명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 성별분포는 남자가 18명, 여자가 13명이었다. 연령은 3세에서 73세까지 분포하였으며 중앙값은 44세였다. 원발 부위는 결막이 9명, 안검이 12명, 안와가 10명이었다. 병리학적 소견은 MALT (low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type) 림프종이 28명, diffuse large B-cell 림프종이 1명, anaplastic large cell 림프종이 1명이었으며 lymphoblastic 림프종이 1명이었다. Ann Arbor staging에 따른 병기 분포를 살펴보면 1기가 31명으로 전부를 차지하였으며 각각 비장, 신장, 골수와 맥락얼기(choroid plexus)에 병변이 있었던 환자 4명은 연구에서 제외하였다. 전체 환자 중, 양측 안와 침범이 있는 환자는 6명이었다. 방사선치료는 결막과 안검 부위는 6∼16 MeV의 전자선을 이용하여 전방 1문 치료로 30 Gy/10 fractions을 조사하였고, 안와 부위는 4 MV, 6 MV의 광자선을 이용하여 쐐기를 이용한 전사방 2문 치료로 20∼28회에 걸쳐 총 40∼50.4 Gy를 조사하였다. 특히 결막과 안검 부위는 수정체를 보호하기 위한 납차폐물이 사용되었다. 항암화학요법은 12명의 환자에서 시행되었다. 중앙 추적 관찰기간은 53개월이었다. 결 과 : 전체 환자의 5년 생존율은 90.7%이었으며, 2명이 질병과 무관하게 폐렴과 비소세포성 폐암으로 사망하여 질병관련(cause-specific) 5년 생존율은 96.0%이었으며 5년 무병 생존율은 80.0%, 5년 국소제어율은 90.5%였다. 방사선치료를 받은 31명 모두가 치료 후 6개월 이내에 완전관해를 보여 완전관해율은 100%였다. 이 중 국소 재발은 방사선치료 후 16개월과 18개월에 2명의 환자에서 보였고 구제 방사선치료 후 모두 완전관해를 보였다. 2명이 조사영역 밖에서 재발하였고 lymphoblastic 림프종 환자가 방사선치료 후 18개월에 골수에서 재발하여 사망하였고 MALT 림프종 환자가 방사선치료 후 41개월에 폐에 재발하여 구제 방사선치료 후 완전관해를 보였다. 12명의 환자가 방사선치료 전에 항암화학요법을 받았으며 부분관해가 11명에서 나타났고 1명은 반응을 보이지 않았다. 방사선치료 당시 시력이 있었던 29명 중 5명에서 방사선유발 백내장이 발생하였으며 2명에서 안구건조증이 발생하였다. 결 론 : 원발성 안와 림프종의 대부분이 MALT 림프종이었다. 방사선치료는 매우 좋은 치료 반응과 국소 제어율을 보였으며 높은 생존율을 보였다. 국소 재발한 경우에도 방사선치료가 구제치료의 역할을 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며 대부분의 환자에서 심각한 후유증을 보이지 않는 안전한 치료로 생각된다. Purpose : This study evaluated the treatment outcomes, patterns of failure, and treatment related complications of primary lymphoma patients who received definitive radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : A retrospective analysis was undertaken for 31 patients with primary orbital lymphoma at the Asan Medical Center between February 1991 and April 2001. There were 18 males and 13 females with ages ranging from 3 to 73 years (median, 44 years). The involved sites were 9 conjunctivae, 12 eyelids and 10 other orbits. The histological types were 28 MALT lymphomas (low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type), 1 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma and 1 lymphoblastic lymphoma. The Ann Arbor stages were all IE (100%). Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients were excluded from this study. Bilateral orbital involvement occurred in 6 cases. Radiation therapy was given with one anterior port of high energy electrons (6∼16 MeV) for the lesions located at the anterior structures like the conjunctivae or eyelids. Lesions with a posterior extension or other orbital lesions were treated with 4 or 6 MeV photons with appropriately arranged portals. In particular, lens blocks composed of lead alloy were used in conjunctival or eyelid lesions. Twelve patients received chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 53 months. Results : The 5-year overall, cause-specific, and disease-free survival was 91%, 96%, and 80%, respectively. The complete response rate 6 months after radiation therapy was 100%. Local recurrences were observed in 2 patients at 16 and 18 months after completion of radiation treatment. They were salvaged with additional radiation therapy. Two patients developed distant metastases. A MALT lymphoma patient with a lung relapse was successfully salvaged with radiotherapy, but the other lymphoblastic lymphoma patient with bone marrow relapse expired. There were no severe complications but 5 patients developed radiation-induced cataracts and 2 patients developed dry eye. Conclusion : Most primary orbital lymphomas consisted of MALT lymphomas. Radiation therapy was a successful treatment modality for orbital lymphoma without any severe complications. In cases of local relapses, radiation therapy is also a very successful salvage treatment modality.

전산화단층촬영 주사시간(Scan Time)이 폐종양운동의 재현성에 미치는 영향 분석

김수산(Su Ssan Kim),하성환(Sung Whan Ha),최은경(Eun Kyung Choi),이병용(Byoung Yong Yi) 대한방사선종양학회 2004 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.22 No.1

목적: 방사선치료계획용 전산화단층촬영(computerized tomography, 이하 CT) 시 주사시간이 종양피부의 재현성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법:인공호흡기의 환기작용에 의해 세로방향의 왕복 운동을 하는 N자형 모형을 제작하였고, 호흡주기를 T로 하였을 때 주사시간을 상대적으로 각각 0.33, 0.50, 0.67, 0.75, 1.00, 1.33, 그리고 1.53T로 설정하고 CT촬영을 시행하였다. 또한 2002년 3월 19일부터 2002년 5월 21일까지 서울아산병원 방사선종양학과에서 정위방사선수술(stereotactic radiosurgery)을 시행받는 비소세포성 폐암 환자 3명을 대상으로, 주사시간이 빠른 CT(LightSpeed, GE Medical Systems, 주사기간 0.8초)와 느린 CT(IQ Premier, Picker, 주사시간 2.0초)mf 각각 1~4회 시행하였다. 각각의 slice에서, N자형 모형의 왕복 운동이 CT영상에 반영된 좌우방향 선분의 길이를 측정하여 치료계획용 CT 촬영이 모형의 움직임을 반영하는 정도를 측정하였다. 환자를 대상으로 한 연구에서는 정위적 체부 고정틀을 이용하여, 빠른 CT 및 느린 CT의 종양을 하나의 CT 영상조합에서 재구성하여 종양의 체적과 장경을 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 모형실험에서 주사시간에 비례하여, 세로방향 운동을 CT 촬영에서 반영하는 정도는 증가하였으며 1.00 T 이상에서는 일정한 양상을 보였다. 주사시간 1.00T이상에서 얻어진 결과를 기준으로, 1.00T 미만의 주사시간을 가지는 CT 촬영에서 모형운동을 반영하지 못하는 비율이 각각 0.33T;30%, 0.05T;27%, 0.67T;20%, 0.75T;7.0%로 측정되었다. 또한 투시검사로 측정한 종양의 세로 방향 움직임이 각각 3mm, 5mm, 10mm이었던 각각의 환자에서 느린 CT에서 얻어진 종양의 세로방향 장경이 빠른 CT에 비해 5.3%, 17%, 23% 증가하였다. 결론: 주사시간을 환자의 호흡주기 이상으로 하는 경우 setup margin만을 고려하여 계획용표적체적(planning target volume, PTV)을 정의할 수 있으므로 정상 폐조직에 조사되는 방사선량을 줄여 치료효율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: To evaluate the reflection of tumor motion according to the planning CT scan time. Material and Methods: A model of N-shape, which moved along the longitudinal axis during the ventilation caused by a mechanical ventilator, was produced. The model was scanned by planning CT, while setting the relative CT scan time (T; CT scan time/ventilatory period) to 0.33, 0.50, 0.67, 0.75, 1.00, 1.33 T, and 1.53 T. In addition, three patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received stereotactic radiosurgery in the Department of Radiation ncology, Asan Medical Center from 03/19/2002 to 05/21/2002 were scanned. Slow (IQ Premier, Picker, scan time 2.0 seconds per slice) and fast CT scans (LightSpeed, GE Medical Systems, with a scan time of 0.8 second per slice) were performed for each patient. The magnitude of reflected movement of the N-shaped model was evaluated by measuring the transverse length, which reflected the movement of the declined bar of the model at each slice. For patients' scans, all CT data sets were registered using a stereotactic body frame scale with the gross tumor volumes delineated in one CT image set. The volume and three-dimensional diameter of the gross tumor volume were measured and analyzed between the slow and fast CT scans. Result: The reflection degree of longitudinal movement of the model increased in proportion to the relative CT scan times below 1.00 T, but remained constant above 1.00 T. Assuming the mean value of scanned transverse lengths with CT scan time 1.00 T to be 100%, CT scans with scan times of 0.33, 0.50, 0.67, and 0.75 T missed the tumor motion by 30, 27, 20, and 7.0% respectively. Slow (scan time 2.0 sec) and Fast (scan time 0.8 sec) CT scans of three patients with longitudinal movement of 3, 5, and 10 mm measured by fluoroscopy revealed the increases in the diameter along the longitudinal axis increased by 6.3, 17, and 23% in the slow CT scans. Conclusion: As the relative CT scan time increased, the reflection of the respiratory tumor movement on planning CT also increased, but remained constant with relative CT scan times above 1.00 T. When setting the planning CT scan time above one respiration period ( 1.00 T), only the set-up margin is needed to delineate the planning target volume. Therefore, therapeutic ratio can be increased by reducing the radiation dose delivered to normal lung tissue.

Upcycling Of Waste Teabags Via Catalytic Pyrolysis In Carbon Dioxide Over Hzsm-11

Soosan Kim(김수산),Jechan Lee(이제찬) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Reduction of Polycyclic Compunds and Biphenyls Generated by Pyrolysis of Industrial Plastic Waste by Using Supported Metal Catalysts: A Case Study of Polyethylene Terephthalate Treatment

Soosasn Kim(김수산),Chanyeong Park(박찬영),Jechan Lee(이제찬) 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.11