국내 누수주택과 침수주택에서의 실내 공기중 부유진균 농도

안금란,김성환 한국냄새환경학회 2020 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Mold is one of the harmful biological pollutants in the indoor environment. To investigate how the contamination degree of mold existing in the indoor environment differs according to the characteristics of the house, the concentration of mold in the indoor air was investigated for the houses damaged by leakage or flooding. As a result of a survey of 20 houses located in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do, the concentration of mold in indoor air surprisingly exceeded more than two times the recommended indoor air quality standard of 500 CFU/m3 in all the houses investigated. The fungal concentration was high in houses with condensation and mold odors. As for the housing type, the pollution degree was higher in detached houses than in row houses. As for the type of water damage, mold contamination was higher in the leaky houses than in the flooded houses. The degree of mold concentration was 1,237 CFU/ m3 in the leaky houses. In terms of housing age, pollution was very high in houses over 20 years old. The occurrence of these measured mold concentrations was correlated at a significant level with respect to the properties of the house. This study shows that in the case of water damaged houses, careful management of mold contamination is required.

광양제철소 인근 및 비인근 지역 주택의 실내공기 중 진균 농도 및 다양성

안금란,김성환,김준영,김수산,이동형,손부순,박무균 한국냄새환경학회 2018 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.17 No.2

To obtain basic data on bioaerosols in the indoor environments of houses located adjacent to Gwangyang IronWorks, the concentration and diversity of indoor air molds were comparatively investigated in 33 houses inSeptember of 2016 and 2017, respectively. In areas both adjacent to and nonadjacent to Gwangyang Iron Works,house temperature and humidity ranged from 24~28oC and 47~57%, respectively. Airborne mold concentrationwas higher in the houses located nonadjacent than in the ones adjacent to the iron works. Interestingly, the levelof airborne mold concentration exceeded 500 CFU/m3 in all houses nonadjacent to the iron works. A total of 12mold species including five pathogenic species were indentified from the investigation. Among the five pathogenicspecies, the causal agents of otomycosis, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, and A. niger were present. Overall, Cladosporium cladosporioides was the dominant species. This is the first report on the concentration anddiversity of airborne mold in houses located adjacent and nonadjacent to Gwangyang bay industrial complex inKorea.

표고 재배사에서 분리한 국내 미기록 진균 보고

안금란,노형진,김준영,고한규,김성환 한국버섯학회 2020 한국버섯학회지 Vol.18 No.1

2016년과 2017년 서천, 장흥, 부여, 여주에 소재하는 표고 재배사에서 진균성 병원균을 모니터링 하는 과정에서 Acrodontium crateriforme, Naganishia friedmannii, Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola, Penicillium wollemiicola, Trichoderma thailandicum 등 5 종의 국내 미기록 진균을 재배사내 실내 공기, 버섯 파리, 버섯 배지재료 등에서 분리하였다. 이들 진균은 PDA 배양하여 생장시키면서 형태적 특성 조사하고 26S rDNA, 28S rDNA, β-TUB 유전자, TEF 유전자 등을 PCR 기술로 증폭하고 그 염기서열 분석을 수행하여 동정하였다. 본 논문에서는 이들의 분류학적 위치와 위해성에 대해 보고하고자 한다. During the monitoring of fungal pests in 2016 and 2017, Acrodontium crateriforme, Naganishia friedmannii, Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola, Penicillium wollemiicola, and Trichoderma thailandicum were isolated from indoor air, mushroom flies (Phytosciara flavipes), and media materials in the cultivation houses of oak wood mushroom (Lentinula edodes) located in Seocheon, Jangheung, Buyeo, and Yeoju, Korea. These fungal species were identified based on their morphological characteristics after their growth on PDA and subsequent molecular analyses of the 26S rDNA, 28S rDNA, β-tubulin gene, and translation elongation factor 1-α gene using PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing were performed. The results showed that these fungi were previously undocumented in Korea. This study reports descriptions of their taxonomical and known properties.

울릉도에서 분리한 미기록 진균 종 보고

안금란,김성환,Ahn, Geum Ran,Kim, Seong Hwan 한국균학회 2015 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

울릉도는 동해에 위치한 화산섬으로 해양성기후이며 생태적으로 다양한 식물들이 존재하는 곳이다. 이 지역에서 진균에 대한 보고가 미진하여 나리분지의 식물과 도동의 흙 시료로부터 진균을 분리하고 형태학적 방법과 분자생물학적 방법으로 동정하였다. 그 결과 C. aleuritis, H. valdunensis, P. uvicola 와 P. caudate가 분리 동정되었다. 이들 진균은 국내에서 처음 보고되는 것이다. Ulleungdo is a volcanic island inhabited by a variety of animals and plants in an oceanic climate in the East Sea. The presence of filamentous fungi has been rarely reported in Ulleungdo. Thus, in this study some plants in the Nari basin and soils in the Dodong region were sampled. Fungi were isolated from the soil and identified by microscopical and molecular biological methods. Coniothyrium aleuritis, Hypocrea valdunensis, Pestalotiopsis uvicola and P. caudate were identified and found to be undescribed species in Korea.

표고 현장적응 시험 버섯 재배사내 공기에서 검출한 국내 미기록 진균 보고

안금란,안홍석,권혁우,고한규,김성환,Ahn, Geum Ran,Ahn, Hong Seok,Kwon, Hyuk Woo,Ko, Han Gyu,Kim, Seong Hwan 한국버섯학회 2016 한국버섯학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Four fungal species, during indoor air monitoring for fungi that possibly affect the field testing of a newly bred shiitake cultivar in cultivation houses located in Cheongyang, Chungnam Province and Jangheung, Jeonnam Province. Of these species, two are known to be plant pathogens and the other two are saprobes but potent contaminators in the mushroom cultivation environment. This study reports the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of these four species based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S rDNA region, including their known information. 청양과 장흥에 소재한 버섯 재배사에서 새로 육종된 표고 품종의 현장 실증검증 도중 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 잠재적 진균을 파악하고자 재배사내 공기 모니터링을 수행하여 오던 중 국내에 기록이 없는 Mortierella parvispora, Doratomyces purpureofuscus, Periconia byssoides, Periconia pseudobyssoides 등 네 종의 진균을 분리하여 동정하였다. 이중 두 종은 식물병원균으로 알려진 종이었고 다른 두 종은 부생성 균으로 다량의 포자를 생산하고 버섯재배 환경에서 오염균으로 작용할 가능성이 있는 균이었다. 본 연구에서는 이들 동정된 진균에 대한 형태적 특성, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 와 18S rDNA region 염기서열 분석에 기반한 계통학적 관계, 그리고 알려진 정보 등에 대하여 보고하고자 한다.

봄과 가을 천식환자 가정집의 실내 공기 중 진균 다양성

안금란,김성환,김수산 한국냄새환경학회 2019 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Asthma is a chronic diseases that restricts the air passage ways and which is thought to be caused by several factors such as genetics, obesity, mVOC, air pollution, allergens, and fungi. Domestic information on fungi in the indoor air in the houses of asthma patients in the spring and fall is rarely available. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate fungal concentration and diversity. Air samples were collected from the houses of 6 asthma patient in April and October of 2017 located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Provinces using an impaction method. The average concentrations of suspended fungi in the indoor air at the houses of adult asthma patient in October exceeded the 500 CFU/m3 level recommended by the Enforcement Managements of the Indoor Air Quality Control Act. A total of 70 fungi were isolated and identified. Four genera and 11 species were from the April sampling and 10 genera and 27 species were from the October sampling. Among the identified fungi, five species, Arthrinium marii, Penicillium austrosinicum, Penicillium concavorugulosum, Penicillium exsudans and Penicillium johnkrugii were found to be unrecorded species in Korea. The known properties of all identified fungi and the morphological and molecular characteristics of the five unrecorded species were described.

봄철 천식환자 가정집의 실내 부유진균 농도 및 다양성 조사

안금란,김수산,이정은,김성렬,김성환 한국냄새환경학회 2018 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.17 No.3

봄철 천식환자 가정집 9곳에서 실내 공기를 포집하여 부유진균의 농도 및 다양성을 조사하였다. 조사된 천식환자 가정집의 평균 부유진균 농도는 거실 143 CFU/m³, 방 142 CFU/m³ 이었으며 외기보다 낮았다. 이는 다중이용시설 실내공기질 기준법의 권고기준 기준치 500 CFU/m³를 초과하지 않았음을 보여준다. 총 59균주를 분리하였으며 5속 33종으로 동정하였다. 이 중 병원균으로서 인체에 위해성을 가지고 있는 진균은 4속 12종이었다. 동정된 종 중 Cladosporium crousii, Penicillium maximae, Aspergillus protuberus는 국내에 보고되지 않은 미기록 진균 종으로 확인하였다. 이 중 A. protuberus는 국외에서 인체에 질병을 유발시키는 균으로 알려진 진균이다. 이상의 결과는 천식환자 가정에서 진균의 관리는 정량적 수준에서뿐만 아니라 유해종을 파악하여 관리하는 정성적인 수준에서도 이루어져야 함을 제시한다. 본 연구는 봄철 천식환자 가정집에 존재하는 실내 공기 중 부유진균의 농도 및 다양성에 대한 최초의 연구이다. Asthma is one of the chronic airway diseases that manifests as dyspnea and cough, and is affected by genetics, obesity, stress, air pollution, and allergens. To obtain basic information on the fungal concentration and diversity in the indoor air of asthma patients' houses in the spring season, indoor air samples were collected from 9 houses located in Seoul and its surrounding cities. The samples were collected in March and April of 2017 using an impaction method. The average airborne fungal concentration was 143 CFU/m³ in living rooms and 142 CFU/m³ in inner rooms. A total of 59 strains were isolated and identified as 5 genera and 33 species. Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus represented the major fungal groups. Twenty-four species were found in March and 15 species were found in April. Of these observations, 6 species were commonly found. There were pathogenic species that cause aspergillosis, osteomyelitis, onychomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, penicilliosis, zygomycosis, and pneumonia. Cladosporium crousii, Penicillium maximae, and Aspergillus protuberus, which causes vaginitis, were identified as unrecorded fungi in Korea. This is the first domestic study on the concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in the indoor air of asthma patients’ houses.

국내 환경에서 실내 부유진균 포집 방법 연구

안금란,김보영,김지은,손부순,박무균,김성연,권명희,김성환 한국냄새환경학회 2017 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Mold is one of the important bio-aerosols affecting human health in the indoor environment. To manage mold contamination, it is necessary to use an appropriate method for its detection and enumeration. Recently, the impaction method of ISO 16000-18 has been established as one of methods to detect and enumerate molds in air. To investigate the general use of the impaction method for mold detection in domestic indoor environments, the suitability of the method was assessed using different antibiotics, media and air samplers. All of the three antibiotics tested - ampicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin - showed inhibitory effects on bacterial colony formation on MEA and DG-18 media, without inhibiting mold growth. Of these three antibiotics, ampicillin was the most effective. There was no statistical difference between MEA and DG-18 media in the measurement of mold concentration. The formation of discriminative colony morphology was more apparent in DG-18 media. No significant difference in the measurement of mold concentration was found between Andersen samplers and MAS- 100NT samplers, which are two major samplers introduced in Korea.

겨울철 공기청정기 사용 주택의 실내공기에 존재하는 진균의 농도 및 종 조사

안금란,김성환,김수산,강정아 한국냄새환경학회 2019 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Fungus has been regulated as an air contaminant in indoor environments in Korea. To remove the contaminant,air purifiers have been used in houses. However, not much information on the status of fungal contamination inthe indoor air of houses is available. The present study was carried out to investigate fungal concentration andspecies in the indoor air of houses using air purifiers in winter. The results of indoor air sampling of ten houseslocated in the cities of Incheon, Seoul, Hwaseong, and Gimpo showed that the level of fungi ranged from 9 CFU/m3 to 782 CFU/m3. Eight out of ten houses showed a level of less than 165 CFU/m3 indicating that the fungallevel is generally low. Only one house exceeded the Korean regulatory standard value of 500 CFU/m3. A totalof 175 isolates were obtained and classified as three genera belonging to Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. Among these three genera, 15 species including four Aspergillus spp., two Cladosporium spp., and nine Penicilliumspp. were identified. Regarding the detection rate of the 15 identified fungal species, A. niger was the most detectedspecies and followed by Cladosporium cladosporioides. Three to six species were present in the individual housethat was investigated. Overall, our results showed that the level of fungal concentration and species diversity arelow in the indoor air of houses that use air purifiers in winter.

가정집 공기청정기 필터에 존재하는 진균의 농도 및 종 조사

안금란,김수산,강정아,김성환 한국냄새환경학회 2019 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The use of air cleaners has become popular to quickly remove contaminants present in indoor air such as fine dust and fungi. However, fungal information is rarely available in the filters equipped in the air cleaners. This study was conducted in winter to examine fungal concentration and species in the air cleaner filters of ten residential houses located in Incheon, Seoul, Hwaseong, and Gimpo cities. Fungi were detected in nine out of eleven filters from the ten houses. The level of fungi in the filters ranged from 0 CFU/cm2 to 2,370 CFU/cm2. There were differences in the fungal concentration among the eleven filters. Filters from three houses revealed levels over 1,000 CFU/cm2. The operation time of air cleaners did not seem directly related to the level of fungal concentration. A total of 326 isolates were obtained and classified as six genera belonging to Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Trichoderma. Among these six genera, 20 species including one Alternaria, one Aspergillus, three Cladosporium spp., two Fusarium spp., eleven Penicillium spp., and two Trichoderma were identified. There were species that cause allergic reaction, pneumoniae, mycosis, and plant disease. Three species were known species of mycotoxin producers. Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Penicillium brevicompactum were the most frequently detected fungi both in the air and in the air cleaner filters. This is the first report of fungal communities present in the air cleaner filters of residential houses in Korea.