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Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>
유입부하 변동 대응 A<sub>2</sub>O 및 MBR 복합공정의 장기운영 평가
장재영 ( Chang Jae Young ),이민수 ( Lee Min Soo ),차재훈 ( Cha Jae Hun ),김성호 ( Kim Seong Ho ) 한국수처리학회 2017 한국수처리학회지 Vol.25 No.2
This study was carried out for evaluating stability and utility of expansion for sewage wastewater treatment plant throughout long term operation data of A<sub>2</sub>O + MBR hybrid process without additional expansion site. Due to the lack of capacity of the existing treatment facilities by the increase of the number of facilities & students in the treatment area, it was required to expand the existing treatment facilities without expanding the site. Therefore, the treatment facility was expanded through two stages. In the first stage, the membrane was immersed in the aeration tank of the existing treatment facility, and the capacity of the expanded MBR process are changed to 1,200 ㎥/d from 600㎥/d. In addition, in the second stage expansion, the untreated mixture of MLSS & influent in the MBR were separated by using the sedimentation basin not used at the first stage expansion, and the process was changed to the A<sub>2</sub>O + MBR hybrid process mixed & discharged with MBR treated water. The expanded sewage treatment facilities was operated from 2009 to 2015 and the treated water quality of the hybrid sewage treatment facilities has been stably operating such as BOD<sub>5</sub> 0.6mg/L, T-N 10.7mg/L, T-P 0.49mg/L, and SS 0.4mg/L. Due to characteristics of facilities installed in university, there are a lot of influent characteristics variation in season. Therefore, depending on influent load variation of the operating rate of hybrid process were changed. As a result, it could be able to reduce loading of membrane and operating expenses such as cleaning chemicals and electricity cost.
소의 대동맥 내피세포에서 산화저밀도 지단백에 의한 아포프토시스에 백일해 독소 및 콜레라 독소가 미치는 영향
손호영(Ho Young Son),강성구(Sung Ku Kang),강무일(Moo Il Kang),차봉연(Bong Youn Cha),이광우(Kwang Woo Lee),장상아(Sang Ah Chang),최윤희(Yoon Hee Choi),문성대(Sung Dae Moon),안유배(Yoo Bae Ahn),손현식(Hyun Sik Son),윤건호(Kun Ho Yoon) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.5
N/A Objectives : Oxidized LDL is thought to play a key role in atherogenesis. Among their wide variety of biological properties, oxidized LDL injures the endothelium as an early event of atherogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which oxidized LDL injures endothelial cells are not definitely known. In order to evaluate the involvement of GTP-binding protein on the mechanism of apoptosis, we studied the effects of pertussis and cholera toxin on oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis in bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs). Methods : Oxidized LDL elicited apoptosis in cultured BAECs as shown by characteristic morphological and biochemical changes. Chromatin condensation and nucleus fragmentation were visualized by using fluorescence microscopy of intact cells staining by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide. DNA fragmentation was quantified by an ELISA with specific antibody for bromodeoxyuridine- labelled DNA fragments and confirmed with DNA ladder formation. Results : Studies using a combination of bacterial toxins which change the function of GTP-binding protein suggest that oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was regulated by GTP-binding protein. Oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was not changed by pretreatment of BAECs with pertussis toxin. In contrast, pretreatment with cholera toxin completely prevented the oxidized LDL- induced apoptosis. Conclusion : These results show that oxidized LDL induces apoptosis of BAECs and suggest that cholera toxin-sensitive G-proteins are involved in signal transduction of oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis of BAEC.
장영복,정태영,차기철,정형근,김성헌,김동진,유익근 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4
The characteristics of H₂ production from livestock wastewater were investigated through an anaerobic acid forming process using Clostridium beijerinckii and the photosynthetic process using Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The submerged separation membrane was installed in the acid forming reactor. The photosynthetic process is composed of two reactors(photosynthetic reactor 1 and photosynthetic reactor 2) which is connected continually. The removal rate of COD and the production of volatile fatty acid(VFA) in the acid forming process were approximately 50% and 1000㎎/ L, respectively. The 70% of COD in the effluent of acid forming process was removed through the photosynthetic process. The production of H₂ in the photosynthetic reactor 1 and 2 was 50 and 25mLH₂/gVFA_(COD), respectively. The values of Y in acid forming reactor, photosynthetic reactor 1 and 2 was 0.2263, 0.0601 and 0.0393, respectively. The acetic acid and butyric acid produced in acid forming process were converted to H₂ by photosynthetic bacteria.
FEM에 의한 차체구조용 단일모자형 단면부재의 축압궤특성에 관한 연구
차천석,황창숙,백경윤,김기형,양인영 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2002 機械技術硏究 Vol.5 No.1
차체전면부 사이드부재는 점용접에 의해서 이루어진 모자형 단면형상을 갖는 강도부재로써, 차량의 전면충돌에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다. 전면충돌에 있어서 차량의 전면부에서 충분한 에너지를 흡수한다면, 승차자에게 가해지는 충격에너지를 경감시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 이러한 강도부재는 충분한 강성을 가져야 하지만, 적절한 압궤 또한 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 단일모자형 단면부재에 대하여 플랜지부 점용접 간격을 변화시켜 준정적(0.017m/sec) 및 충격합궤(7.19m.sec, 1034J)하에서 압궤특성을 해석하고자 유한요소 프로그램인 LS-DYNA3D을 이용하여 준정적 및 충격압궤 시뮬레이션을 행하였다. 시뮬레이션은 압궤실험 결과와 비교함으로서 시뮬레이션의 타당성을 학인하였다. The hat shaped section members of vehicles compose the base frame which plays an important role in a front-end collision. It consists of the hat shaped section members with spot welds. In front-end collision, the impact energy for the passengers will be decreased as the front parts of vehicles has sufficiently absorbed energy. And then, this structures have not to be very stiff but collapse progressively to absorb the kinetic energy as expected. In this study. LS-DYNA3D has been used for analyzing collapse characteristics on hat shaped section members with respect to spot weld pitches under quasi-static(0.017m/sec) and impact load(7.19m/sec. 1034J). By comparing the results from simulation and the experimental results. the utilization fo simulation has been certified.
유대영,양해정,양회룡,정진,최승평,장차익 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 自然科學硏究 Vol.24 No.-
It is difficult to explain the magnetic phase transition with classical physics in Curie temperature. We studied qualitatively with the well known Ising model in statistical mechanics. We simulated systems of finite size by Monte Carlo methods with Metropolis algorithm. Thus we could estimate the values of quantities such as the magnetization(m) per spin the specific heat(c) per spin the magnetic susceptibility(χ) per spin, and the mean energy per spin compare with the numerical values in infinitive size. The quantities of c, m, χ, e varied rapidly within 2.3∼2.4 temperature at J/k units. Those values show that the critical temperature can be within the range. The hysteresis loop was obtained with this model.