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Vacuum Gas Oil 및 Carbazole 에 의해 코크화된 Co - Mo / γ- Al2O3 촉매의 활성저하에 대한 연구
정순용,진항교,김범식,이정민,서정권,하백현 ( Soon Yong Jeong,Hang Kyo Jin,Beom Sik Kim,Jung Min Lee,Jeong Kwon Suh,Baik Hyon Ha ) 한국공업화학회 1995 공업화학 Vol.6 No.2
Co-Mo/γ-Al₂O₃수소화처리(hydrotreating) 촉매를 vacuum gas oil (VGO)로 처리하여 코크화된 촉매를 제조하고 이들의 촉매활성 및 물성을 조사하였다. 또한 VGO에 carbazole(C_(12)H_9N)을 첨가하여 코크화된 촉매를 제조하고 질소화합물 효과에 의한 촉매의 물성 및 활성의 변화에 대해서 조사하였다. 반응온도와 반응시간이 증가함에 따라 촉매에 침적된 코크의 양은 증가하는 경향을 보여 주었고 코크의 양이 증가할수록 촉매의 비표면적과 기공부피는 크게 감소하였다. 코킹되지 않은 촉매(fresh catalyst)의 활성은 HDS(수첨탈황반응) > CNH(탄소-질소수첨분해반응) > HYD(수소화반응) > HDN(수첨탈질소반응)의 순서이고, VGO의 처리에 의해서 코크화된 촉매의 활성은 침적된 코크의 양이 증가함에 따라 크게 감소하였다. 반응별로 활성 감소는 HDN(수첨탈질소반응) > CNH(탄소-질소수첨분해반응) > HYD(수소화반응) > HDS(수첨탈황반응)의 순으로 일어났다. VGO와 carbazole의 처리에 의해 코크화된 촉매의 활성은 VGO의 처리에 의해 코크화된 촉매의 활성보다 모든 반응에 대하여 크게 감소하였고, 이 결과는 질소화합물에 의한 기공입구의 막힘 현상이 두드러져 VGO와 carbazole의 처리에 의해 코크화된 촉매의 비표면적과 기공 부피의 급격한 감소로 설명할 수 있다. A series of coked catalysts were prepared with Co-Mo/γ-Al₂O₃ hydrotreating catalyst by reacting with vacuum gas oil. The physical properties and catalytic activities of these coked catalysts were examined. A similar series of coked catalysts were prepared with carbazole added to vacuum gas oil, and the changes of physical properties and catalytic activities by nitrogen compounds were also examined. It was found that the amount of cake deposited on the surface of catalyst increases with increase of reaction temperature and reaction time. As amount of coke increases, pore volume and surface area decrease significantly. The order of reactivity of the fresh catalyst was: HDS > CNH > HYD > HDN. As the amount of coke increases, VGO-coked catalyst shows deactivation as order of HDN > CNH > HYD > HDS. Carbazole-coked catalyst shows much more deactivation in all reaction fuctionalities compared to the VGO-coked catalyst. Surface area and pore volume of carbazole-coked catalyst decrease much more than VGO-coked catalyst. These results can be explained as the severe plugging of pore mouth by the deposition of nitrogen compounds.
정순용,서정권,박중환,도명기,고재천,이정민,Jeong, Soon-Yong,Suh, Jeong-Kwon,Park, Jeong-Hwan,Doh, Myung-Ki,Koh, Jae-Cheon,Lee, Jung-Min 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.3
The ion-exchange properties of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions have been studied in ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$ synthesized from water glass. Results show that optimum temperature for synthesis of ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$ was $725^{\circ}C$. Ion-exchange isotherms for $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ exchange for $Na^+$ in the synthetic ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$ show that the ion-exchange capacity of magnesium is better than that of calcium, and the ion-exchange of magnesium is less sensitive for temperature than that of calcium. When initial pH of solution is increased between 2 and 6, the ion-exchange capacities of magnesium and calcium decrease a little. However, they are almost constant above pH 6 because of alkali buffer effect of ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$. In the thermodynamic studies, it was found that Gibbs free energies of reaction of calcium ion-exchange are larger than those of magnesium ion-exchange with inverse order of selectivity. The standard enthalpy and entropy of reaction of calcium ion-exchange are larger than those of magnesium ion-exchange. Water glass로부터 ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$를 합성하여, 이의 칼슘과 마그네슘의 이온교환성, 이온교환에 대한 열역학적 특성치를 조사하였다. Water glass로부터 합성한 ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$의 최적 합성온도가 $725^{\circ}C$ 근처임을 알았다. 이온교환반응에 있어서 마그네슘 이온교환능이 칼슘 이온교환능보다 우수하였고, 마그네슘의 이온교환능은 온도에 민감하지 않은 반면에, 칼슘의 이온교환능은 온도에 민감하여 온도증가에 따라 이온교환능의 증가폭이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 초기 수용액 pH 변화에 따른 칼슘과 마그네슘의 이온교환능은 초기 수용액 pH가 2~6 사이에서 약간 감소하였으나, 6 이상에서는 ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$의 알카리 완충효과 때문에 각각 일정하게 나타났다. 이온교환 Gibbs 자유에너지는 이온교환 선택성의 역순으로 칼습 이온 교환반응이 마그네슘 이온교환반응보다 높게 나타났으며, 엔탈피와 엔트로피값도 칼슘 이온교환반응이 마그네슘 이온교환 반응보다 높게 나타났다.
Co, Ni 마가다이트 주형을 이용한 다공성 흑연의 합성
정순용,Jeong Soon-Yong 한국분말야금학회 2005 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.12 No.2
Porous graphite was synthesized by removal of template in HF after pyrolysis of pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO) at $900^{\circ}C$ using the template of Co or Ni intercalated magadiite. Porous graphite had a plate structure like template, and d-spacing value of about 0.7 nm. The extent of crystallization of porous graphite was dependent on the contents of Co or Ni intercalated in interlayer. It can be explained that the metal such as Co and Ni acts as a promotion catalyst for graphite formation. Porous graphite shows the surface area of $328\sim477 m^2/g$.
정순용,정은일,Jeong Soon-Yong,Jeong Eon-Il 한국분말야금학회 2005 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.12 No.2
Layered silicate was synthesized at hydrothermal condition from silica adding to various materials. Nano-clay was synthesized by intercaltion of various amine compounds into synthetic layered silicate. The products were analysed by XRD, SEM, and FT-IR in order to examine the condition of synthesis and intercalation. From the results, it was confirmed that kaolinite was synthesized from precipitated silica and gibbsite at $220^{\circ}C$ during 10 days, and hetorite was synthesized from silica sol at $100^{\circ}C$ during 48 h. Na-Magadiite was synthesized from silica gel at $150^{\circ}C$ during 72 h, and Na-kenyaite was synthesized from silica gel at $160^{\circ}C$ during 84 h. Nano-clay was prepared using synthetic layered silicate intercalated with various amine compounds. Kenyaite was easily intercalated by various organic compounds, and has the highest basal-spacing value among other layered silicates. Basal-spacing was changed according to the length of alkyl chain of amine comopounds. Polymer can be easily intercalated by dispersion with large space of interlayer. Finally, epoxy/nano-clay nanocomposite can be easily prepared.
鄭純鎔 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1970 慶北醫大誌 Vol.11 No.2
In order to know the effect of treated antigens on the priming of antibody responses, antigens treated with some simple procedures were used for the primary immunization, and then antibody responses in rabbits to enterobacterial common antigen(CA), which is widely distributed among enteric bacteria, were determined after secondary immunization with CA. 1. Crude heat-extracted antigen of Salmonella typhimurium (Stm) lost the erythrocyte-modifying activity in slight degrees when filtered with Millipore filter(0.22 micron of pore size) before or after dilution with buffered saline. However, the erythrocyte-modifying activity of CA was lost almost entirely even when filtered after dilution of CA to be 1:5. 2. Stm antigen did not show any priming effect on the secondary response of CA. but CA showed a marked priming effect on the secondary CA antibody response. 3. There was no marked difference on the priming effect between CA and CA filtered before dilution, but CA lost the priming effect when CA was filtered after dilution. 4. There was much difference on the priming effect of CA antibody production between CA and CA filtrate when a large amount was used for the primary injection, and/or when interval between primary and secondary injections was about 2 weeks.