이강의 독립운동과 안중근의거

이명화(Myung-Hwa Lee) 한국인물사연구소 2009 한국인물사연구 Vol.11 No.-

안중근의거가 일어나게 되는 직접적 배경에는 大東共報社와 그 주필이었던 李剛의 활약이 있었다. 이강과 안중근의 관계는 공공연하게 알려졌으나 이에 대한 연구는 전무하다. 안중근의거는 한국독립운동 사상 가장 큰 영향을 끼친 사건으로 기록되고 있으며 계획단계로부터 실행과정, 그리고 사건이 마무리되기까지 애초부터 철저하게 짜여진시나리오대로 진행되었다. 이 같은 안중근 의거가 계획되고 실행되기까지 이강은 결정적 역할을 담당하였다. 이강의 조국 광복에 대한 강렬한 신념이 있었기에 안중근 의거는 준비되었고 이강과 더불어 의거를 지원했던 공립협회·국민회 원동지회원들의 활약이 없었다면 아마도 의거의 실행은 불가능했을 것이다. 안중근의사는 형사 및 재판 訊問 과정에서 일제의 집요한 신문에도 불구하고 시종일관 伊藤博文 처단이 자신의 단독 결행임을 주장했으며 의거에 참여한 이들에게 후환을 끼치거나 혐의가 미치지 않도록 치밀하게 진술함으로써 이강을 비롯한 관련자들이 일제의 검거망을 피할 수 있었다. 그러다 보니 올해로 의거 100주년이 되었으나 자세한 진상은 아직도 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 한편 이강은 안중근의사 사후에 재러한인사회에서 안중근기념사업을 추진하면서, 유족들을 보호하고 책임지고자 했으며 안중근의사의 애국정신과 희생정신을 국외 한인 동포사회로 확산시켜 그의 의로운 의거가 우리 민족에게 잊혀지지 않고 살아있는 민족정신으로 자리할 수 있도록 전력하였다. 1923년에 러시아를 떠난 이후에는 상하이 대한민국임시정부에서 활약했으며 해방이 되기까지 한 순간도 독립운동을 멈추지 않았다. 이강은 임시정부의 업무를 수행하느라 해방된 지 이듬해인 1946년 8월에야 고국으로 돌아왔다. 그는 국내에서 한국독립당 고문을 맡고 교육 사업에 투신했으며 흥사단과 안창호기념사업에 종사하였다. 정부는 1962년 3월 1일 일생을 독립운동에 헌신한 그의 공로를 인정하여 건국공로훈장을 수여하였다. Daedong-gongbo and Kang Lee, who had been Daedong-gongbo editorial were a direct background of Jung-Geun Ahn's deed. The relationship between Kang Lee and Jung-Gean Ahn are well known. But entirely there is not research which relates with this. Jung-Geun Ahn's deed was advanced scenarios as from the planning stage and run progress to the event was over. And it is recorded the most affecting as the history of Korean Independence Movement. Kang Lee was to playa decisive role in Jung-Geun Ahn's deed until it's planning and even running. Jung-Geun Ahn's deed had been prepared and able to succeed, because for Kang Lee's strong belief in Fatherland Liberation. If not the United Korean Association and the Korean National Association of the Main Division in Siberia was supported, planning and execution of a deed would had been impossible. Martyr Jung-Geun Ahn said that decision of Ito hirobumi was the sole execution in the process of the criminal and the trial, despite of the investigators and the judge was questioned persistently, and that he made statement for them participated in a deed not to give damage. Therefore a deed's truth has not been still fully revealed. But the action of Kang Lee and his colleagues is revealed another facts of a deed. In addition, Kang Lee was to be responsible to protect his families by promoting Ahn's memorial project after the death of Jung-Geun Ahn. And he was giving the power to spread the spirit of patriotism and sacrifice in outside of the Korean community. Kang Lee was giving the power that Jung-Geun Ahn's righeous deed did not forgotten to our nation as alive to the national spirit. Kang Lee was active in the Korean Provitional Government of Shanghai after leaving Russia in 1923 and did not stop the Independence Movement until liberation. He was returned homeland after working the task of the Korean Provisinal Government in August 1946. The Korean Government awarded him the order of Merit's founding by recognizing his achievement in March 1st, 1962.

모 축전지 회사 근로자들의 연폭로 지표에 대한 경시적 관찰

강명식,김용배,이용진,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1998 순천향산업의학 Vol.4 No.1

Lead poisoning is still prevalent and one of important occupational disease in Korea. To prevent undue high lead burden and maintain good health condition of lead workers in lead using industries, periodic health examination and regular biological monitoring of lead workers are often required in addition to the fundamental improvement of their working condition. To evaluate the effect of comprehensive occupational health program with regular biological monitoring on the level of lead exposure of lead workers in lead using industries, 11 year database from 1983 to 1994 of one storage battery factory was reviewed. From 1983 to end of 1986 only periodic health examination was provided to the lead workers, but from 1987 comprehensive occupational health program with regular biological monitoring was provided to maintain better health condition of lead workers. Selected study variables for lead exposure were blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in blood(ZPP), δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine(ALAU), hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(HCT). Information on sex, age and work duration was also reviewed. 5 years data from 1983 to 1987 and 3 years data from 1990, 1993 and 1994 were available for all lead exposure indices except ALAU which has only 5 years data from 1983 to 1997. The results of 11 years longitudinal observation of lead indices are all follows: 1. The mean value of ZPP of lead workers in 1983 was 148.7±73.1 ㎍/㎗(Male: 145.5±72.3, Female: 168.1±79.1), whereas that of ZPP of lead workers in 1994 was decreased to 64.3±32.7 ㎍/㎗(Male: 60.2±28.8, Female: 95.2±43.4). 2. The mean value of PbB of lead workers in 1983 was 56.4±18.8 ㎍/㎗(Male: 55.59±19.1, Female: 59.6±19.1), whereas that of PbB of lead workers in 1994 was dcreased to 35.4±11.9 ㎍/㎗(Male: 35.7±12.0, Female: 32.8±10.8). 3. The mean value of Hb of lead workers in 1983 was 14.1±1.4 g/㎗(Male: 14.4±1.1, Female: 11.7±0.8), whereas that of Hb of lead workers in 1994 was increased to 15.6±1.5 g/㎗(Male: 15.9±1.2, Female: 12.9±1.1). 4. Blood lead is most highly correlated with ZPP(r=0.522, male:0.54 and female:0.50) and also correlated with ALAU and work duration also. 5. The simple regression analysis of PbB and ZPP showed different coefficient of regression by the measurement year, but there was no difference of coefficient of regression between sex. The slope of equation of pooled data for 1983-1986 without comprehensive occupational health program was 2.16 and differed from that of pooled data for 1987-1994(1.25). This difference suggests that the unit effect of blood lead on ZPP was relatively smaller in later period of comprehensive occupational health program than carly period without comprehensive program. The slope change in the analysis of linear regression of PbB on ZPP in lead workers can be used to evaluate the possible effect of health intervention to prevent undue high lead absorption in lead using industries. 6. 11 years occupational health service in this storage battery factory brought out considerable improvement of health status of lead workers in terms of decrease of PbB and ZPP and increase of Hb and the improvement was more remarkable after the introduction of comprehensive occupational health program.

암환자가 지각한 사회적지지, 희망과 삶의 질과의 관계

태영숙,강은실,이명화,박금자 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2002 전인간호과학연구 학술모음집 Vol.- No.-

The Relationship among Percieved Social Support, Hope and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Tae, Young Sook. Kong, Eun Sil. Lee, Myung Hwa. Park, Geum Ja The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among percieved social support, hope and Quality of life of the cancer patients and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for promoting quality of life in cancer patients. The design of this study was a cross sectional correlational survey. The subjects were 220 out and in-cancer patients in 5 general hospitals in Pusan The data were collected from July 2 to August 1,2001. The instruments were the Percieved social support scale(16 items, 5 point scale) had developed by Tae(1986), Hope scale(12 items, 4point scale) developed by Nowotny(1989) and Quality of life scale(31 items, 10 point scale) developed by Tae et. al(2000). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency & percentage, item mean & standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study was as follows : 1) The item mean score of quality of life was 6.05±1.16 (range 0-10) .The heighest score of subarea of the quality of life was the spiritual wellbeing area (7.09±1.63) and the lowest score was social wellbeing area(5.53±1.65). The mean score of perceived social support was 52.65±10.32 (최고 1, 최저 80). The mean score of family support was32.71±6.66 (range 1- 40) and the mean score of medical team support was 19.93±5.95 (range 1- 40). The mean score of Hope was 37.02±5.64 (range 1-48). 2) There were statistically significant difference in the score of quality of life according to the life effect of religion (F=3.97, p=0.00), treatment method(F=2.94, p=0.01), area of diagnosis (F=3.48, p=0.01), stage of disease (F=13.74, p= 0.00). 3) There was significant correlation between perceived social support(r=0.44, p= 0.000 ; family support: r=0.334, p=0.000, medical support; r=0.395, p=0.000), hope(r=0.563, p= 0.000) and quality of life. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship among perceived social support, hope and quality of life. Therefore perceived social support, hope intervention programs should be developed to improve the quality of life in cancer patients.

아로마요법이 혈액투석환자의 불안과 우울에 미치는 효과

이명화,고광욱,송명숙,우경미,조선화 대한기초간호자연과학회 2004 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.6 No.1

Introduction : Chronic hemodialysis patients have been psychological problems because of being compelled to follow a dialysis schedule for a long period of time. Specificially, depression and anxiety are so frequently observed that psychological management is requireed for most hemodialysis patients. Fragnance has been known to have beneficial psychological and physiological effects on human. This study was designed to investigate the psychological effect of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods : 40 subjects of this study selected from Je Young-Sung Internal Medicine Clinic in Busan. The experimental group were random assigned to 20 subjects who had visited on Monday,& Wendesday & Friday and received aromatherapy every day for 2 weeks. the control group were random assigned to 20 subjects who had visited on Tuesday & Thursday & Saturday and did not receive any intervention. Experiment had been conducted from July. 7th July 21, 2003 and anxiety by Spilberger's state anxiety scale and depression by Zung's Scale were measured in the course of aromatherapy for both experimental group and control group. A control period consisting of natural hospital smells was established before each test session, and then aromatic test conditions were systematically evaluated for odorless conditions as well as aromatic conditions containing 100% lavender necklace for 2 weeks. Data were analyzed by, frequency, percentage, mean, S.D. χ²- test, t-test. Results : 1) Anxiety scores were not significantly decreased in the experimental group(54.57±13.20) after treatment compared to the control group(49.45±12.41)(t=1.225, p=.228). 2) Depression scores were significantly decreased in the experimental group(43.95±5.63) after treatment compared to the control group(49.65±9.84)(t=-2.367, p=.023). Conclusions : These findings indicate that the aromatherapy may decreased depression. It is suggested that the aromatherapy could be an effective nursing intervention to reduce to depression by chronic hemodialysis patients.

저선량 γ선 조사가 고추의 광합성과 광 스트레스 경감에 미치는 효과

이혜연,김재성,백명화,박순철,박연일 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.2

고추 종자에 저선량 γ선을 조사시킨 고추 식물체의 생육과 광합성 능 및 광 스트레스 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 저선량 4 Gy가 조사된 고추 식물체에서 광합성에 의한 산소발생이 대조구에 비해 1.5배정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고추 잎에 900 μmol/㎡/s의 빛의 세기로 광저해를 4시간 유도하였을 때 최대 광합성능 (Pmax)이 대조구의 경우 20%정도 감소되는 반면 4 Gy 조사구는 3% 정도의 감소를 보였다. Fv/Fm는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보이며 대조구의 경우 4시간 처리시 fv/Fm 값이 50% 정도 감소되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 반면 4 Gy조사구는 fv/Fm값이 대략 37%정도 감소되어 대조구에 비해 광 스트레스에 대해 덜 민감한 것으로 나타났다. Fo는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 거의 변화가 없었으며 대조구나 4 Gy 조사구 사이의 차이도 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 광계Ⅱ의 광양자 수율인 Φ_PSⅡ과 광계Ⅱ 반응중심에 의한 여기 포획률을 나타내주는 1/Fo-1/Fm 또한 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되었으며 4시간을 처리했을 경우 각각 대조구는 47%, 4 Gy 조사구는 30%의 감소를 볼 수 있었다. 비광화학적 소멸인 NPQ는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보였으나 대조구와 4 Gy 조사구간에 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 종자의 종피를 투과한 저선량의 γ선이 식물의 광합성을 증대시키고 동시에 광 스트레스에 대한 저해를 감소시키는 것으로 보인다. The effect of low dose Y radiation on photosynthesis and the reduction of photoinhibition in red pepper plant was investigated. The seedling height, leaf width and leaf length of pepper were stimulated in plants grown from seeds irradiated with the tow dose of 4 Gy. The O_2 evolution in the 4 Gy irradiation group was 1.5 times greater than in the control. To investigate the effect of low dose Y radiation on response to high light stress, photoinhibition was induced in leaves of pepper by illumination of high light (900 μ㏖/㎡/s). Pmax was decreased with increasing illumination time by 20% in the control, while hardly decreased in the 4 Gy irradiation group. The photochemical yield of PSII, estimated as Fv/Fm, was decreased with increasing illumination time by 50% after 4 hours while Fo did not change. However, Fv/Fm in the 4 Gy irradiation group was decreased by 37% of inhibition, indicating that the photoinhibition was decreased by the low dose Y radiation. Changes in the effective quantum yield of PSII, Φpsu, and 1/Fo-1/Fm, a measure of the rate constant of excitation trapping by the PSII reaction center, showed similar pattern to Fv/Fm. And NPQ was decreased after photoinhibitry treatment, showing no difference between the control and the 4 Gy irradiation group. These results showed the positive effect of low dose Y radiation on the seedling growth and the reduction of photoinhibition.

뇌성 마비 청소년의 자아개념

이명화,홍희숙 고신대학교 의학부 2002 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

Background/Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-concept and related factors of the cerebral palsied adolescents and to gain the baseline data for development of effective rehabilitation nursing intervention program of the cerebral palsied adolescents. The design of this study was a descriptive survey study. Methods The subjects of the study were 160 cerebral palsied adolescents attending at special schools located in Seoul and Kyonggi and rehabilitation centers located in Seoul, Kyonggi and Kyongnam province. The data was collected to interview with questionaires with school nurse and research assistant understanding the purpose of this study and researcher from May 20 to July 20. 2000. The instrument used for this study was the self-concept scale(50items 4 point scale). Self-Concept Scale had developed by Fitt(1965), which was standardized by Chung(1968) and modified by Kim(1984). Result The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The mean score of self-concept was 138.55±17.20(range: 50-200). 2. The subarea score of internal self concept was the highest score in self-identity score (49.39±7.61) and the lowest score in self-satisfaction score (43.93±6.47). 3. The subarea score of external self concept was the highest score in family self (30.19±5.40) and the lowest score in physical self (25,20±4.21). 4. There were statistically significant different in self-identity score according to the age (F=4.466, P=0.13), the grades (F=5.932, P=.005) and occupational training (F=2.49, P=0.4). 5. There were statistically significant different in self-satisfaction score (F=2.281, P=.0491) and self-behavior score (F=3.741 P=.003) according to types of cerebral palsy. 6. There were statistically significant difference in moral ethical self-score according to the grades (F=3.847, P=.023) and types of cerebral palsy (F=2.605, P=.027). 7. There were statistically significant in family self-score according to the ages (F=6.038, P=.003), the grades (F=3.614, P=.029) and occupational training(F=2.010, P=.010). 8. There were statistically significant in family self-score according to the type of cerebral plasy. (F=3.861, P=.003). Conclusion The self-concept of cerebral plasied adolescents was relatively low and related factor of self-concept were age, the grades, occupational training, types of cerebral polsy in cerebral palsied adolescents.

紅樓夢에 보이는 祭田에 대하여 : 淸代 鄕紳層 形成의 經濟的 基盤에 대한 一考察

李明化 梨花女子大學校 師範大學 社會生活科 1983 綠友硏究論集 Vol.- No.25

기도분비물에 의한 기관 내 튜브의 부분 폐쇄

이상준,이동준,김문철,임의재,김명화 인제대학교 2009 仁濟醫學 Vol.30 No.-

During anesthesia, unexpectedly endotracheal tube obstruction cause seriouscomplications which require early diagnosis and immediate management. Endotracheal tube obstruction with foreign body is rare. 74 year old man was scheduled for open lung biopsy. The patient was intubated with a 7.5 mm reinforced endotracheal tube and turned to the right lateral position. After 30 minute, signs of partial endotracheal obstruction was observed including high airway pressure and decreased end-tidal CO2. A suction catheter was not deeply advanced. A wheezing - like sound was heard. We temporarily stopped the operation and turned the patient to supine. We exchanged the tube with another one and found impacted mucous secretions at the distal tip of the tube.

청학동의 문화와 의복행동에 관한 연구

이경화,한명숙 복식문화학회 2001 服飾文化硏究 Vol.9 No.1

Chunghahk-dong is located in a retired spot Jiri Mountain and has been built up. its own religion and culture thout any exchange outside world. People in Chunghahk-dong believe in a religion called Genjungyutaosim. Forming a trinity on which mind is Taoism, body is Buddhism, and behavior is confucianism. These are the principle elements to form a village. They made their own unique cultural factor such as longhaired boys and girls, wearing traditional cloths and hat, a monastic life, fDlk mores and family rituals, and private school system, This shows a great deal of affection on their life style and organization and is closely connected with community and culture. Grasping a culture and behavior on clothing, it has purpose to understand Chunghahk-dong properly according to this study. A method of study has a purpose to understand culture and clothing behavior precisely in Chunghahk-dong. 1 inquire into clothing behavior with investigation and study of picture script. The results are as followed; People in Chunghahk-dong show unique clothing and hair style behavior based on Genjungyutao. First, men and women wear a white cloth called HanBok(Korean costume) and footwear made of rubber, Only men wear a blue vest. A grown up men wear a long coat when they go out. They are dressed in tractional cloth for a ceremonial occasion. The reason why they put on the HanBok(Korean costume) is a belief on our traditional cloth becomes a standard dress in the future. They believe Korea becomes a standard dress in the future. They believe Korea become a leading county in the world. This clothing behavior is symbol of Genjungyutao and has a role of delivery system fur expressing their split. Second, In sign of being a Genjungyutao men, they let their grow hair Cutting hair is not to be a Genjungyutao men any more. There is few reason that people in Chunghahk-dong let grow their hair : First, because of importance in TanGun's ideology, they believe Korea is a first nation in the world and can't cut their hair which has grown from TanGun(The founding father of the Korean nation) Chosun traditionally. Second, Cutting their hair runs counter to the principle of nature. Third, They value their body for confucianism. They don't want to damage their body because of body firom their parents, Boys and girls braid and tie up their hair and adult tie a topknot and a chignon. Wearing a YouGun(A horsehair skullcap) at home and a Kat(A Korean top hat) when going out, they express as a Genjungyutao. Hemp cloth and synthetic fibers are main clothes. Also, they wear an improved HanBok(Korean costume) these days on influencing outside.

간호대학생들의 영성에 관한 연구

이명화,강희경,박진경 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2003 전인간호과학연구 학술모음집 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was an attempt to investigated a spirituality of nursing students and to provide baseline data for spirituality development education of nursing students. The method The subjects were 499 students at department of Nursing, 5 University in Busan. The data were collected from June 7th to July 18th, 2002. The instrument was used Hosden's Spirituality Assessment Scale. The results were as follows. 1. The score on spirituality scale ranged from 28 to 140 with a mean of 101.14±8.40(3.89±0.33) 2. The score on percieved health state ranged from 1 to 5 with a mean of 3.42±0.80 3. The spirituality according to general characteristics showed significant differences in sex(t=-2.125, p=.034) religion(F=7.387.66, p=.007) drinking (t=-2.401, p=.0170, atomsphere of home (F=7.659, p=.0060. 4. The spirituality according to religionious characteristics showed significant differences in influence of religion,(F=6.489, p=.002) necessity of religion(F=4.608, p=.003), help of religion(F=11.213, p=.000), subjectivity of God in life9f=7.412, p=.000), reading of religionious books(F=5.5768, p=.001), participation of religion ceremony (F=5.007, p=.002). 5. There were significant positive correlation between percieved health states and spirituality.(r=.498, p=.004) Conclusionly, spirituality of nursing students was high and was influenced in sex, religion, drinking, atomsphere of home, religionious characteristics, percieved health status.