금속산화물 반도체 In_2O_3 촉매에 의한 일산화탄소의 산화반응

이성한,허권,전종호,김규홍,최재시 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1985 學術論文集 Vol.14 No.-

순수한 In_2O_3, 환원된 In_2O_3, 그리고 NiO를 도프시킨 In_2O_3를 촉매로하여 CO의 산화반응을 433-513K 온도영역에서 실시하였다. 새로 도입된 시료상에서 산화반응은 촉매활성이 다른 두 영역을 나타내었다. 초기반응 단계에서는 Roginsky-Zcldovich 속도식에 잘 일치하며 활성화 에너지는 37.2kJ mol^-1이고, 촉매활성이 일정하게 나타나는 두번째 반응단계에서는 전반응차수가 1차이며 활성화 에너지는 27.2kJ·mol^-1로서 CO_2에 의한 억제효과를 나타내었다. CO_2trap을 사용한 결과 전반응 차수는 1.5차로서 CO에 대해 1차, O_2에 대해 0.5차의 의존성을 보였다. 결정내의 산소결함농도가 반응속도를 증가시킬 수 있는 요인으로 밝혀졌으며 CO의 흡착자리는 격자산소(O^2-_0)이고 O_2의 흡착자리는 촉매의 처리과정과 제조과정에 의해 형성된 산소공위 (V^x_o)로서 밝혀졌다. 반응속도론적 데이타와 전기전도도 데이타를 결부시켜 산화반응 메카니즘을 제안하였으며 산소공위가 반응속도에 미치는 효과및 산소공위에 O_2가 흡착하는 과정이 속도결정단계임을 설명하였다. A kinetic study of CO oxidation on pure, reduced, and NiO-doped Indium Sesquioxide systems was carried out in the temperature range of 433-513 K. Catalytic oxidation showed two step regions. First initial step of fresh sample followed the Roginsky-Zeldovich kinetics with the apparent activation energy of 37.2 kJ.mol^-1. The second step which showed a constant activity was found to be the approximate first order kinetics with the apparent activation energy of 27.2 kJ.mol^-1 and then the inhibition by produced CO_2 was observed. By use of CO_2 trap, however, the oxidation kinetics was found to be the first order with respect to CO and the one-half order to O_2. The rate determining step was considered as the adsorption process of oxygen on the surface of catalyst. The site for CO adsorption was the lattice oxygen (O_o^2-) and the site for O_2 adsorption was the oxygen vacancy formed by vacuum activation, hydrogen reduction, and NiO doping. It was believed that the oxygen vacancy was responsible for the catalytic activity for CO oxidation.

카드뮴 첨가된 α형 산화철에 의한 일산화탄소의 촉매산화 반응연구

이성한,김용록,김돈,정원양,김규홍,최재시 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1983 學術論文集 Vol.11 No.-

α형 산화철에 카드뮴을 4mol%, 8mol% 및 12mol%로 각각 첨가시켜 외성영역의 특성을 갖는 산화물들을 제조하였다. 이 산화물들을 촉매로한 일산화탄소의 산화반응 속도론적 연구를 통하여 본산화물의 결함구조, CO 산화반응에 대한 촉매성 및 불순물 첨가효과등을 조사하였다. 또한 450℃에서 O_2 및 CO를 여러압력으로 도입시켜 Cd-doped α-Fe_2O_3의 전기전도도를 측정하고 이를 반응속도론적 데이타와 결부시켜 본산화물상에서 CO 의 산화반응 메카니즘과 율속단계를 제안하였다. 반응온도범위 350~460℃에서 산출된 활성화에너지는 10.1~11.3kcal.mol^-1이었다. CO_2흡착에 의한 CO산화반응의 억제효과는 본실험의 반응온도 영역인 350~460℃에서는 나타나지 않았으며 CO 산화반응의 전반응속도 차수는 1.5차로서 일산화탄소에 대해서는 1차, 산소에 대해서는 0.5차임이 밝혀졌다. 반응속도론적 데이타와 전기전도도 데이타에 의해 본촉매의 활성은 카드뮴도프로 인해 생성된 산소공위(Vo"-2e^-)에 기인한 것이었다. 카드뮴의 첨가량이 증가할수록 반응속도는 증가하였으나 12mol% 이상의 카드뮴이 첨가된 산화철상에서는 반응속도가 크게 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. CO와 O_2는 근본적으로 화학흡착하며 CO의 흡착자리는 격자산소(O^-2_(latt))와 기흡착원산소 (O^-_(ads)), 그리고 O_2의 흡착자리는 산소공위(Vo"-2e^-)로 밝혀졌다. The α-Ferric oxide containing 4, 8, and 12mol% with cadmium were prepared. The oxidation rates of carbon monoxide in the presence of these oxide systems were measured to investigate the defect structure, the catalytic activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, and the impurity effect. The conductivity was also measured at 450℃ under the various pressures of oxygen and carbon monoxide. From the agreement between the kinetic and conductivity data, the oxidation mechanism of carbon monoxide and the rate determining step on this oxide catalyst were suggested. In the temperature range from 350 to 460℃, the calculated activation energy for the CO oxidation over Cd-doped α-Fe_2O_3 systems were 10.1∼11.3kcal·mol^-1. The inhibition by an adsorbed CO_2 during the CO oxidation was not observed in the above temperature range. The overall reaction order for the CO oxidation is 1.5; the first order with respect to CO and the one-half order with respect to O_2. The catalytic activity of this oxide system is due to oxygen vacancies induced by Cd-doping. The oxidation rates increase with increasing the amount of dopant and above 12mol%, however, don't highly increased. CO and O_2 are essentially chemisorbed as ions and the adsorption sites for CO are the lattice oxygens (O^2-_(latt)) and prechemisorbed oxygens (O^-_(ads)), the adsorption site for O_2 is the oxygen vacancies (Vo¨-2e^-).

알코올 사용 장애 환자의 스트레스와 대처 양식 및 부적응에 관한 연구

박민철,오상우,이귀행,노승호,백영석,이상열,김재현 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1999 圓光醫科學 Vol.15 No.2

Background: This study was explored the influences of perceived stress, coping style on maladaptation of patients with alcohol use disorders. Methods: To investigate these objects, 66 patients with alcohol use disorders were completed scales for the perceived stress, coping style, dysfunctional attitude, alcohol expectancy, self-efficacy, social support, state-trait anxiety, quantity of alcohol use, problems of alcohol use and BDI. The data were analyzed by t-test, correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: First, the results showed the significant difference between long term group and short term group on the problem-related alcohol use and trait anxiety. Second, the results showed the significant difference between severe problem related alcohol use group and mild problem related alcohol use group on cognitive coping, negative expectancy, quantity of alcohol use. Third, among each variables of patients with alcohol use disorders, quantity of alcohol use had significantly high correlation with quantity of alcohol by family, quantity of alcohol by friends, perceived stress, negative expectancy. Problems of alcohol use had significantly high correlation with negative expectancy, cognitive coping, percieved stress, social support and self efficacy. Finally, vulnerability-stress model predicted 26.1% of variances of quantity of alcohol use, 48.9% of variances of problems of alcohol use and 13.9% variances of depression. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated the superiority of vulnerability stress model to predict quantity of alcohol use, problems of alcohol use and depression.

The Significance of Caspase-Cleaved Cytokeratin 18 in Pleural Effusion

Lee, Keu Sung,Chung, Joo Yang,Jung, Yun Jung,Chung, Wou Young,Park, Joo Hun,Sheen, Seung Soo,Lee, Kyi Beom,Park, Kwang Joo The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.76 No.1

Background: Apoptosis plays a role in the development of pleural effusion. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, a marker for epithelial cell apoptosis, was evaluated in pleural effusion. Methods: A total of 79 patients with pleural effusion were enrolled. The underlying causes were lung cancer (n=24), parapneumonic effusion (n=15), tuberculous effusion (n=28), and transudates (n=12). The levels of M30, an epitope of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, were measured in blood and pleural fluids using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with routine cellular and biochemical parameters. The expression of M30 was evaluated in the pleural tissues using immunohistochemistry for M30. Results: The M30 levels in pleural fluid were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis ($2,632.1{\pm}1,467.3U/mL$) than in patients with lung cancer ($956.5{\pm}618.5U/mL$), parapneumonic effusion ($689.9{\pm}413.6U/mL$), and transudates ($273.6{\pm}144.5U/mL$; all p<0.01). The serum levels were not significantly different among the disease groups. Based on receiver operating characteristics analysis, the area under the curve of M30 for differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion from all other effusions was 0.93. In the immunohistochemical analysis of M30, all pathologic types of cancer cells showed moderate to high expression, and the epithelioid cells in granulomas showed high expression in tuberculous pleural tissues. Conclusion: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 was most prominently observed in tuberculous pleural effusion and showed utility as a clinical marker. The main source of M30 was found to be the epithelioid cells of granulomas in tuberculous pleural tissues.

The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases : Slide Session ; OS-056 : COPD ; Gender and the Prevalence of COPD in Korean Adult Smokers: A Population-Based Study

( Keu Sung Lee ),( Seung Soo Sheen ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Sang Haak Lee ),( Yu Il Kim ),( Jae Yeol Kim ),( Eun Mi Chun ),( Kwang Ha Yoo ),( Chul Min Ahn ),( Tae Hoon Jung ),( Joo Hun Park ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate smoking effect on gender and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Method: Data for this study were obtained from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2012 containing demographics, smoking histories and spirometry data. We recruited 6,159 ever-smokers (male 5,543 and female 616) aged over 40 who adequately performed spirometry according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. Subjects with FEV1/FVC<0.7 were defi ned as COPD. To evaluate the loss of lung function per pack-year smoked, we used susceptibility index (SI), calculated using the formula: (% predicted FEV1 - 100)/pack-years. Results: Mean age was lower in male than female (56.7 vs. 58.0, p<0.001) and total amount of smoking expressed as a pack-year was greater in male than female (25.7 vs. 11.0, p<0.001). Total 1,453 (23.6%) subjects were diagnosed with COPD. Even though the prevalence of COPD was higher in male (24.5%) than female (5.4%)(p<0.001), female showed more loss of lung function per pack-year smoked than male (SI in female = -1.43% vs. SI in male= -0.79, p<0.001). To evaluate smoking effect precisely, 3,440 subjects (male 3,337 and female 103) who smoked more than 20 pack-years through life were selected. Mean age was also lower in male than women (57.7 vs. 63.7, p<0.001) and total amount of smoking (pack-year) was greater in male than female (36.3 vs. 31.8, p=0.0029). However the prevalence of COPD was not different between in male (29.0%) and in females (24.3%) (p=0.567). Female stillshowed more loss of lung function per pack-year smoked than male (SI in female = -0.56% vs. SI in male = -0.39, p=0.0003). Conclusion: Korean female ever-smokers have a susceptibility to smoking effect on lung function decline.

Emphysema as a Risk Factor for the Outcome of Surgical Resection of Lung Cancer

Lee, Sung Ah,Sun, Joo Sung,Park, Joo Hun,Park, Kyung Joo,Lee, Sung Soo,Choi, Ho,Sheen, Seung Soo,Chung, Woo Young,Lee, Keu Sung,Park, Kwang Joo,Hwang, Sung Chul The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.8

<P>It is unclear whether emphysema, regardless of airflow limitation, is a predictive factor associated with survival after lung cancer resection. Therefore, we investigated whether emphysema was a risk factor associated with the outcome after resection for lung cancer. This study enrolled 237 patients with non small cell lung cancer with stage I or II who had surgical removal. Patient outcome was analyzed based on emphysema. Emphysema was found in 43.4% of all patients. Patients with emphysema were predominantly men and smokers, and had a lower body mass index than the patients without emphysema. The patients without emphysema (n=133) survived longer (mean 51.2±3.0 vs. 40.6±3.1 months, <I>P</I>=0.042) than those with emphysema (n=104). The univariate analysis showed a younger age, higher FEV<SUB>1</SUB>/FVC, higher body mass index, cancer stage I, and a lower emphysema score were significant predictors of better survival. The multivariate analysis revealed a younger age, higher body mass index, and cancer stage I were independent parameters associated with better survival, however, emphysema was not. This study suggests that unfavorable outcomes after surgical resection of lung cancer should not be attributed to emphysema itself.</P>

The Significance of Caspase-Cleaved Cytokeratin 18 in Pleural Effusion

( Keu Sung Lee ),( Joo Yang Chung ),( Yun Jung Jung ),( Wou Young Chung ),( Joo Hun Park ),( Seung Soo Sheen ),( Kyi Beom Lee ),( Kwang Joo Park ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.76 No.1

Background: Apoptosis plays a role in the development of pleural effusion. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, a marker for epithelial cell apoptosis, was evaluated in pleural effusion. Methods: A total of 79 patients with pleural effusion were enrolled. The underlying causes were lung cancer (n=24), parapneumonic effusion (n=15), tuberculous effusion (n=28), and transudates (n=12). The levels of M30, an epitope of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, were measured in blood and pleural fluids using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with routine cellular and biochemical parameters. The expression of M30 was evaluated in the pleural tissues using immunohistochemistry for M30. Results: The M30 levels in pleural fluid were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis (2,632.1±1,467.3 U/mL) than in patients with lung cancer (956.5±618.5 U/mL), parapneumonic effusion (689.9±413.6 U/mL), and transudates (273.6±144.5 U/mL; all p<0.01). The serum levels were not significantly different among the disease groups. Based on receiver operating characteristics analysis, the area under the curve of M30 for differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion from all other effusions was 0.93. In the immunohistochemical analysis of M30, all pathologic types of cancer cells showed moderate to high expression, and the epithelioid cells in granulomas showed high expression in tuberculous pleural tissues. Conclusion: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 was most prominently observed in tuberculous pleural effusion and showed utility as a clinical marker. The main source of M30 was found to be the epithelioid cells of granulomas in tuberculous pleural tissues.

Free Paper Presentation : OS-54 ; Hazards of Smoking in Korean Population

( Keu Sung Lee ),( Seung Soo Sheen ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Sang Haak Lee ),( Yu Il Kim ),( Jae Yeol Kim ),( Eun Mi Chun ),( Kwang Ha Yoo ),( Chul Min Ahn ),( Tae Hoon Jung ),( Joo Hun Park ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.118 No.-

Background: Smoking is a major cause of many noncommunicable diseases and leads to the reduction of life span. However, there are few population based studies on how smoking is associated with our general health in Korea. Therefore, we performed this study to investigate hazards of smoking on our health and major diseases associated with smoking in Korean population. Methods: Data of 12,762 subjects aged 40 years or older were obtained from Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) V from 2010 to 2012. Demographic data, laboratory findings, and major diseases were analyzed based on smoking status. Results: Blood pressure, leukocyte count, and serum glucose level were higher in smokers, however, serum cholesterol level and body mass index were higher in non-smokers (p<0.05). Smoking was associated with higher prevalence of COPD (23.6% vs 7.0%), diabetes mellitus (14.3% vs 10.5%), cerebral stroke (3.3% vs 2.2%), and coronary artery disease (4.7% vs. 3.5%), whereas depression (2.9% vs 6.1%) was more prevalent in non-smokers (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis after adjustment for age and sex showed that smoking was independently associated with COPD (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.93 -2.92) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.11 - 1.58), and no smoking (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.16 - 1.99) was with depression (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our analyses suggest smoking has harmful effects on health in various aspects. Especially, smoking was an independent risk factor for COPD and diabetes mellitus.

Electrical Properties of Pure and Cadmium-Doped Indium Sesquioxide

Lee, Sung-Han,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Kim, Keu-Hong,Jun, Jong-Ho Korean Chemical Society 1989 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.10 No.5

Cadmium-doped indium sesquioxide systems with a variety of CdO mol % were prepared to investigate the effect of doping on the electrical properties of indium sesquioxide. The electrical conductivities of pure $In_2O_3$ and Cd-doped $In_2O_3$ systems were measured in the temperature range from 25 to $1200^{\circ}C$ and $P_O_2$ range from $10^{-7}$ to $10^{-1}$ atm, and the thermoelectric power was measured in the same temperature range. The electrical conductivity and thermopower decreased with increasing CdO mol % indicating that all the samples are n-type semiconductors. The electrical conductivities of pure $In_2O_3$ and lightly doped $In_2O_3$ were considerably affected by the chemisorption $O_2$ at temperatures of 400 to $560^{\circ}C$ and then gaseous oxygen was reversibly chemisorbed at the temperature. The predominant defects in $In_2O_3$ are believed to be triply-charged interstitial indiums at temperatures above $560^{\circ}C$ and oxygen vacancies below $560^{\circ}C$. In Cd-doped $In_2O_3$ systems, cadmium acts as an electron acceptor and inhibits the transfer of lattice indium to interstitial sites, which give rise to the decrease of the electrical conductivity.

성인에서 발생한 가와사키병 1 례

이진호,김선신,박해심,김장성,이수걸,남동호,조재웅,서유진,이규성,홍지만,정조원 대한알레르기학회 2001 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.21 No.1

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of undetermined etiology in infancy and early childhood. There is no diagnostic test to confirm this disease and its diagnosis is made on clinical backgrounds. Most patients diagnosed are under 4 years of age. Here, we report a case of KD in an adult presented with clinical features of fever, headache, and skin rash. A 26-year-old male was presented with fever and headache of four days' duration and skin rash of three days' duration. Nausea and vomiting developed and the patient was treated with antibiotics under the impression of aseptic meningitis and became afebrile two days later. Laboratory findings revealed thrombocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, and elevated liver enzymes. Kawasaki disease was diagnosed, and intravenous immunoglobulin and low-dose aspirin (200mg/d) was administered. Hocardiogram did not reveal any coronary artery changes and the skin lesions disappeared. The patient was discharged after near normalization of the liver enzymes and is now being followed at our clinic.