서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

ATM-MPLS 기반 초고속국가망서비스의 서비스품질 강화 방안

조정호,노선식,이형옥 한국정보사회진흥원 2005 정보화정책 Vol.12 No.4

정부는 초고속국가망 구축사업을 1995년부터 시작하여 2005년까지 완성하기로 하고, 2004년 말 기준으로 국가 및 지방자치 단체, 교육기관, 연구기관, 의료기관, 기타 공공기관으로 하여금 다양한 서비스를 저렴한 비용으로 이용할 수 있도록 추진하고 있다. 초고속국가망의 고품질 서비스 제공을 위해 도입한 ATM-MPLS망에서 서비스품질과 보안서비스 제공 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 먼저 초고속국가망사업의 서비스 동향과 단계별 사업 추진 내용을 알아보고, 다음으로 초고속국가망 사용자의 종단간 서비스품질을 제공하기 위한 서비스품질 제어방법을 제안한다. 마지막으로 초고속국가망에서 이용하는 MPLS VPN, Metro-ATM에서 종단간 서비스품질을 보장하는 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 ATM-MPLS 서비스, ATM-MPLS VPN 서비스, Metro-Ethernet 서비스의 기술 동향과 서비스품질을 보장할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다. 이러한 분석을 통해 초고속국가망의 서비스품질 정책과 서비스품질을 강화하기 위한 계획을 찾을 수 있다.

Tc-99m 표지 항과립구항체 면역신티그라피 (Tc-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibody immunoscintigraphy)를 이용한 척추압박골절의 원인질환 감별

조인호,이형우,안상호,원규장,배장호,조수호 영남대학교의과대학 1998 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.15 No.2

골수의 손상정도를 민감하게 반영하는 Tc-99m 표지 항과립구항체 면역신티그라피를 이용하여 척추압박골절의 원인을 감별할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여, 척추압박골절 환자중에서 병리조직학적(수술 혹은 생검) 혹은 3개월 이상의 임상경과를 추적 관찰하여 원인이 밝혀진 16명의 환자를 대상으로 Tc-99m 표지 항과립구항체 면역신티그라피의 결과를 분석하였다. 16명의 환자중 외상이나 골다공증에 의한 압박골절 부위가 16부위(8명), 전이암에 의한 압박골절이 3부위(3명), 결핵에 의한 압박골절이 6부위(5명)이었다. 외상이나 골다공증과 같은 양성원인에 의한 척추압박골절 16부위 모두 척추뿌리, 추궁판, 가시돌기의 섭취는 정상이었고, 척추체는 섭취저하가 7례, 섭취결손이 8례, 섭취정상이 2례에서 관찰되었다. 결핵에 의한 압박골절 6례에서 척추체의 섭취결손이 6례 모두, 척추뿌리의 섭취결손이 5례에서 관찰되었고, 가시돌기와 추궁판의 섭취결손은 발견되지 않았다. 전이암에 의한 3례의 경우는 2례에서 척추체, 척추뿌리, 추궁판, 가시돌기의 섭취결손이 보였고, 1례에서는 척추제와 가시돌기에만 섭취결손이 관찰되었다. Tc-99m 표지 항과립구항체 면역신티그라피의 단층영상에서 섭취결손부위를 평가함으로서 양성원인과 병적원인에 의한 척추압박골절의 원인의 감별에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. We evaluated the effectiveness of Tc-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibody immunoscintigraphy in differentiating the causes of vertebral compression fracture. This study involved 16 patients with vertebral compression fracture; 8 were due to trauma or osteoporosis, 3 were due to metastasis and 5 were due to tuberculous spondylitis. We retrospectively analyzed the location and the extent of decreased tracer uptake in tomographic images of Tc-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibody immunoscintigraphy. Eight patients had a 16 vertebral compression fractures due to trauma or osteoporosis, three patients had 3 vertebral compression fractures due to metastasis and 5 patients had 6 vertebral compression fractures due to tuberculous spondylitis. Sixteen vertebral compression fractures by trauma or osteoporosis showed a normal tracer uptake in pedicle, laminar and spinous process, but there was noted with 6 decreased uptake, 8 absence of tracer uptake and 2 normal tracer uptake in the vertebral body. Two vertebral compression fractures by metastasis showed the absence of uptake in vertebral body, pedicle, laminar and spinous process, and one showed an absence of vertebral body and spinous process. Six vertebral compression fractures by tuberculous spondylitis showed the absence of uptake in six compression fractures, the absence of pedicle in five compression fractures. We concluded Tc-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibody immunoscintigraphy may be helpful to differentiate the causes of vertebral compression fractures.

Isl1 Directly Controls a Cholinergic Neuronal Identity in the Developing Forebrain and Spinal Cord by Forming Cell Type-Specific Complexes

Cho, Hyong-Ho,Cargnin, Francesca,Kim, Yujin,Lee, Bora,Kwon, Ryuk-Jun,Nam, Heejin,Shen, Rongkun,Barnes, Anthony P.,Lee, Jae W.,Lee, Seunghee,Lee, Soo-Kyung Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS genetics Vol.10 No.4

<▼1><P>The establishment of correct neurotransmitter characteristics is an essential step of neuronal fate specification in CNS development. However, very little is known about how a battery of genes involved in the determination of a specific type of chemical-driven neurotransmission is coordinately regulated during vertebrate development. Here, we investigated the gene regulatory networks that specify the cholinergic neuronal fates in the spinal cord and forebrain, specifically, spinal motor neurons (MNs) and forebrain cholinergic neurons (FCNs). Conditional inactivation of <I>Isl1</I>, a LIM homeodomain factor expressed in both differentiating MNs and FCNs, led to a drastic loss of cholinergic neurons in the developing spinal cord and forebrain. We found that Isl1 forms two related, but distinct types of complexes, the Isl1-Lhx3-hexamer in MNs and the Isl1-Lhx8-hexamer in FCNs. Interestingly, our genome-wide ChIP-seq analysis revealed that the Isl1-Lhx3-hexamer binds to a suite of cholinergic pathway genes encoding the core constituents of the cholinergic neurotransmission system, such as acetylcholine synthesizing enzymes and transporters. Consistently, the Isl1-Lhx3-hexamer directly coordinated upregulation of cholinergic pathways genes in embryonic spinal cord. Similarly, in the developing forebrain, the Isl1-Lhx8-hexamer was recruited to the cholinergic gene battery and promoted cholinergic gene expression. Furthermore, the expression of the Isl1-Lhx8-complex enabled the acquisition of cholinergic fate in embryonic stem cell-derived neurons. Together, our studies show a shared molecular mechanism that determines the cholinergic neuronal fate in the spinal cord and forebrain, and uncover an important gene regulatory mechanism that directs a specific neurotransmitter identity in vertebrate CNS development.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Neurons utilize various chemicals to transmit signals to a target cell. Distinct types of neurons in the spinal cord and forebrain, collectively termed cholinergic neurons, utilize the same chemical, acetylcholine, for signal transmission. These neurons play critical roles in controlling locomotion and cognition. In this study, we have found that the <I>Isl1</I> gene orchestrates the process to generate cholinergic neurons in the spinal cord and forebrain. Isl1 forms two different types of multi-protein complexes in the spinal cord and forebrain. Both complexes bind the same genomic regions in a group of genes critical for cholinergic signal transmission, and promote their simultaneous expression. These cholinergic genes include enzymes that synthesize acetylcholine and proteins required to package acetylcholine into vesicles. The Isl1-containing multi-protein complexes were able to trigger the generation of cholinergic neurons in embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells. Our study reveals crucial mechanisms to coordinate the expression of genes in the same biological pathway in different cell types. Furthermore, it suggests a new strategy to produce cholinergic neurons from stem cells.</P></▼2>

마우스 섬유아세포 (3T3 fibroblast cells)에서 Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) 및 IGF Binding Protein-3(IGFBP-3)이 세포증식에 미치는 영향

조철호 ( Chul Ho Cho ),곽승민 ( Seung Min Kwak ),문태훈 ( Tae Hun Moon ),조재화 ( Jae Hwa Cho ),류정선 ( Jeong Seon Ryu ),이흥렬 ( Hyong Lyeol Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1999 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.47 No.5

Arsenite Acutely Decreases Nitric Oxide Production via the ROS-Protein Phosphatase 1-Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Thr497 Signaling Cascade

( Jung Won Seo ),( Jee Young Lee ),( Min Sun Sung ),( Catherine Jeong Hae Byun ),( Du Hyong Cho ),( Hyeon Ju Lee ),( Jung Hyun Park ),( Ho Seong Cho ),( Sung Jin Cho ),( In Ho Jo ) 한국응용약물학회 2014 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.22 No.6

Chronic (>24 h) exposure of arsenite, an environmental toxicant, has shown the decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells (EC) by decreasing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression and/or its phosphorylation at serine 1179 (eNOSSer1179 in bovine sequence), which is associated with increased risk of vascular diseases. Here, we investigated the acute (<24 h) effect of arsenite on NO production using bovine aortic EC (BAEC). Arsenite acutely increased the phosphorylation of eNOSThr497, but not of eNOS-Ser116 or eNOS-Ser1179, which was accompanied by decreased NO production. The level of eNOS expression was unaltered under this condition. Treatment with arsenite also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and pretreatment with a ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) completely reversed the observed effect of arsenite on eNOSThr497 phosphorylation. Although protein kinase C (PKC) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) were reported to be involved in eNOSThr497 phosphorylation, treatment with PKC inhibitor, Ro318425, and overexpression of various PKC isoforms did not affect the arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr497 phosphorylation. In contrast, treatment with PP1 inhibitor, calyculin A, mimicked the observed effect of arsenite on eNOS-Thr497 phosphorylation. Lastly, we found decreased cellular PP1 activity in arsenite-treated cells, which was reversed by NAC. Overall, our study demonstrates firstly that arsenite acutely decreases NO production at least in part by increasing eNOS-Thr497 phosphorylation via ROS-PP1 signaling pathway, which provide the molecular mechanism underlying arsenite-induced increase in vascular disease.

Sonography of Affected and Unaffected Shoulders in Hemiplegic Patients: Analysis of the Relationship Between Sonographic Imaging Data and Clinical Variables

Hyong Keun Cho,Hyoung Seop Kim,Seung Ho Joo 대한재활의학회 2012 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.36 No.6

Objective To explore the relationship between a number of clinically relevant variables and sonographic imaging data in respect to the level of impairment experienced in the affected and unaffected shoulders of hemiplegic stroke patients.Method Fifty-one hemiplegic stroke patients (32 males, 19 females; 29 right-sided hemiplegics, 22 left-sided hemiplegics) participated in this study. A musculoskeletal radiologist conducted a sonographic exam on both the affected and unaffected shoulders of all patients and two physicians classified the severity of the injury on a six-point rating scale. Clinical variables including age, sex, duration of injury, spasticity and muscle power of the hemiplegic side, and level of functional activity of the shoulder were assessed. Results The sonographic rating scores of hemiplegic shoulders were positively correlated with age (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with level of muscle spasticity (p<0.05). The sonographic rating scores of unaffected shoulders were positively correlated with duration of injury (p<0.01). Affected shoulders received sonographic rating scores that reflected significantly more impairment than those of unaffected shoulders (p<0.001), and pre-morbid handedness did not affect the relationship between impairment rating and shoulder injury status.Conclusion Hemiplegic stroke influences not only affected shoulders, but also unaffected sides. Proper management of spasticity, enhancement of motor recovery, and avoidance of unaffected shoulder overuse should be considered to prevent shoulder problems following strokes which result in hemiplegia.

Administration of Goji (Lycium chinense Mill.) Extracts Improves Erectile Function in Old Aged Rat Model

Hyong Woo Moon,Jung Woo Park,Kyu Won Lee,Hyun Cheol Jeong,Jin Bong Choi,Sae Woong Choi,Woong Jin Bae,Hyuk Jin Cho,U-Syn Ha,Sung Hoo Hong,Jeong Ho Geum,Seong Bin Hong,Sae Woong Kim 대한남성과학회 2017 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.35 No.1

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of goji (Lycium chinense Mill.) on erectile dysfunction in old-aged rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four 18-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (defined as old-aged rats) were used. Treatment groups contained eight rats each: a control group, goji extract of 150 mg/kg/day group, and goji extract of 300 mg/kg/day group. Treatment was by orogastric tube once daily for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment, testes weight, serum testosterone, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-related parameters, intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure, and histological changes were examined. Results: Treatments with goji extracts increased serum testosterone level, increased the expression of endothelial NO synthase, neuronal NO synthase, and cGMP, improved the oxidative stress marker, and decreased corporal fibrosis. Conclusions: Our results indicate that goji extract may have a positive effect on erectile dysfunction via its antioxidant effects.

Solution-processed photonic crystals to enhance the light outcoupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes

Cho, Hwan-Hee,Park, Boik,Kim, Hyong-Jun,Jeon, Sohee,Jeong, Jun-ho,Kim, Jang-Joo The Optical Society 2010 Applied Optics Vol.49 No.21

<P>We report an effective solution process to fabricate planarized photonic crystal substrates to enhance the outcoupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The photonic crystal structure was fabricated using nanoimprint lithography using a UV-curable acrylate and was planarized by using a ZnO layer formed by the solgel process. The solgel process resulted in a smooth surface, and OLEDs have been successfully integrated on the planarized photonic crystal layer with a low leakage current. The resulting light outcoupling efficiency was enhanced by 38% compared with that of conventional OLEDs, which is well matched with a theoretical prediction.</P>

Transplantation of Neural Differentiated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into the Cochlea of an Auditory-neuropathy Guinea Pig Model

Cho, Yong-Bum,Cho, Hyong-Ho,Jang, Sujeong,Jeong, Han-Seong,Park, Jong-Seong The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.4

<P>The aim of this study was to determine the effects of transplanted neural differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a guinea pig model of auditory neuropathy. In this study, hMSCs were pretreated with a neural-induction protocol and transplanted into the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea 7 days after ouabain injury. A control model was made by injection of Hanks balanced salt solution alone into the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea 7 days after ouabain injury. We established the auditory neuropathy guinea pig model using 1 mM ouabain application to the round window niche. After application of ouabain to the round window niche, degeneration of most spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) without the loss of hair cells within the organ of Corti and increasing the auditory brain responses (ABR) threshold were found. After transplantation of neural differentiated hMSCs, the number of SGNs was increased, and some of the SGNs expressed immunoreactivity with human nuclear antibody under confocal laser scanning microscopy. ABR results showed mild hearing recovery after transplantation. Based on an auditory neuropathy animal model, these findings suggest that it may be possible to replace degenerated SGNs by grafting stem cells into the scala tympani.</P>