절수에 의한 Mongolian Gerbil 장기중량변화에 관한 분석연구

김무강,이기훈,이강이,송치원,이경열,권효정,박미선,정승혁,이행연,김명철 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

In this study, authors measured the each organ weight of the long term water deprived Mongolian gerbil, after then we calculated the mean, standard deviation, variance coefficient of the real measured organ weight and induced the organ weight change quantity, rate of quantity, deviation between measured and theological organ weight, deviation rate, sum of deviation rate, organ weight change rate, rate of organ weight by the mathematical formula. The results obtained as follow 1. The weight of the brains, lung, and testis were abruptly decreased after water deprived until the 5th day, after then slowly decreased until the 20th day. 2. The weight of the heart was decreased gradually from the first day until the 20th day. 3. The weight of the liver was abruptly decreased until the 10th day, after then the more slowly decreased until the 20th day. 4. The weight of the thymus, spleen, kidney, and pancreas were abruptly decreased until the 15th day, after then increased slowly until 20th day but the weight of the kidney was abruptly increased from the 10th day. 5. The organ weight change rate and the rate of the each day organ weight were very diversified.

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

개선된 다출력 동적 CMOS 설계 방식을 이용한 고성능 32 비트 CLA가산기 설계 및 구현

송근호,방만식,서정훈,한석붕,이효상,김강철 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In this paper, we designed, implemented and evaluated 32-bit CLA adder with the ENMODL(enhanced NORA Multiple Output Domino Logic) logic style which is new dynamic CMOS logic. The circuit is implemented using 0.8㎛ CMOS double-metal process technology. It operates stably and the addition time is less 3.9 ns. The ENMODL logic style can improve the performance in the high-speed computing circuits depending on the degree of recurrence.

Cisapride가 금식기 담낭의 수축운동에 어떤 영향을 미치는가?

송영진,장이찬,윤효영,이상전 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1996 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.6 No.1

Cisapride의 식사후 담낭의 수축운동에 대한 영향을 규명하고자 20-30대의 건강인 12명(남자 6명, 여자 6명)을 대상으로 placebo, cisapride 10㎎ 혹은 20㎎을 경구복용한 후 담낭체적의 변화를 초음파로 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Placebo를 복용한 군에서는 검사기간중 완만한 체적의 변동이 있었으나, cisapride를 복용한 후에는 담낭체적이 지속적으로 현저하게 증가되었다. 이러한 담낭체적의 증가는 placebo를 복용한 군과 비교해 볼 때, cisapride 10㎎을 복용한 군에서는 60분후부터, 20㎎을 복용한 군에서는 50분후부터 통계학적 유의성이 있었으며(p<0.05), 이러한 경향은 검사종료시까지 지속되었다. 그리고 최대체적은 cisapride 10㎎을 복용한 군에서는 120분후에 최초체적의 145%에, cisapride 20㎎을 복용한 군에서는 90분후에 최초체적의 162%에 도달하였다(Fig. 2). 한편 체적곡선 아래의 면적은 cisapride 10㎎을 복용한 군은 31325 ±2518, 20㎎을 복용한 군은 33355 ±4726로, placebo를 복용한 군(23510 ±2864)보다 유의하게 컸다(p<0.05) 이상의 결과에서 cisapride의 경구섭취는 금식기 담낭의 수축운동을 억제하는 이완효과가 있음을 알 수있었다. 그리고 이러한 담낭수축억제효과는 장기간 cisapride를 복용하는 환자에서 담석형성이 촉진되는 효과가 있을 수 있고, 반대로 담석존재시 선통 발작을 억제하거나 예방하는 효과가 있을 수도 있다는 것을 시사한다. Cisapride(C23H29CIFN304) is one of the well-known prokinetic agents. It operates upon whole gastrointestinal tract, from lower esophageal sphincter to anal sphincter, and holds the most promise for patients with colonic motility disorders. It is known to function as an indirect cholinergic stimulant through increased release of acetylcholine in the intramural plexuses. Unlike metoclopramide, it does not have the antidopaminergic effects on the central nervous system. But its effect on the biliary system is not clearly elucidated. This study was performed in 12 healthy volunteers, and focused on the change of gallbladder volume after cisapride ingestion during fasting period. With the interval of 2-4days, placebo, 10㎎ or 20㎎ of cisapride were given. Cisapride inhibited the contraction of gallbladder compared with placebo. The results suggest that cisapride can induces the possible cholelithiasis, but, on the other hand, it can be used as the possible spasmolytic agent in the gallstone disease.

TGA를 이용한 산화구리계 탈황제의 반응 특성 규명

이혁수,강민필,이효송,이영우 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 2001 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

Reduction and sulfidation reactivities of mixed metal oxides were investigated by using a TGA. Mixed metal oxides consisted of CuO as the main active material, SiO₂ as the support material and both MoO₃ and Fe₂O₃ as the additives. Each material was chosen based on the literature survey. CS (CuO/SiO₂) sorbents were prepared to investigate the effect of support material, and consisted of various composition of CuO and SiO₂. CMS (CuO-MoO₃/SiO₂) and CFS (CuO-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂) sorbents were prepared to investigate the effect of additives and consisted of various composition of CuO and additive. In CMS and CFS sorbents, a support material was 25wt% SiO₂ because the previous study showed that 25wt% SiO₂ was needed to maintain the activity in multicycle experiment. Simple physical mixing method was chosen as the sorbent preparation method. Chatterjee-Conrad method was used to evaluate activation energies of sorbents from TGA data. The activation energy of CS sorbents decreased in reduction reaction and increased in sulfidation reaction as SiO₂ content increased. Fe₂O₃ was more favorable than MoO₃ as an additive material in terms of reduction reaction rate.

7075 Al 합금의 T9처리후 미세조직 및 인장강도 분석

이준희,송요승,김효열,이윤복 한국항공대학교 항공우주산업기술연구소 2002 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

본 실험에서는 기존 텐트용 pole 로 사용되어 온 7075 AI의 T6처리 제품보다 더 우수한 인장강도 및 표면 특성을 갖는 제품 개발을 목적으로 T6처리에 냉간가공을 가미한 T9처리를 하여 그 특성을 알아보았다. 각 시편은 직경이 8.5㎜, 8.7㎜, 8.9㎜ 9.1㎜이고, 두께 t는 0.7 ㎜∼0.72㎜ 인 것을 사용하여 표면 조도, 경도 측정, 인장강도측정 및 조직관찰을 행하였다. 조도 측정 결과 T9시편이 T6시편에 비해 약 0.02㎛정도 작게 나왔으며 이것은 냉간가공에 의해 조직이 치밀해졌기 때문이라 여겨진다. 경도 측정과 최대인장강도 측정 결과 T9시편에 T6보다 큰 경도값과 최대인장강도 값을 가졌으며 이것은 냉간가공에 의한 grain의 심한 변형으로 인한 영향이라 여겨진다. 조직관찰 결과 T9시편이 T6시편보다 더 많은 변형이 일어난 것을 알 수 있었다. grain의 크기 차이가 많지 않았는데 이것은 열간가공과는 달리 냉간가공에서는 재결점 없이 단순히 grain의 변형에 따른 찌그러짐이나 분열에 의한 것이므로 grain의 크기에는 크게 영향을 주지 않았다고 사료된다. The properties of the samples after T9 treatment on 7075 aluminum which has been used as tent pole were studied in this paper. The T9 treatment is the process to be added a cold work after T6 treatment for improving the tensile strength and the properties of a surface roughness. The tests of surface roughness, hardness, tensile strength and micro structure on T9 treatment samples were conducted. The diameters of samples are 8.5㎜, 8.7㎜, 8.9㎜ and 9.1㎜. The thicknesses of samples are 0.7㎜ and 0.72 ㎜. The average surface roughness of samples after T9 treatment was less 0.02㎛ than that of T6 treatment The average values of hardness and tensile strength were increased after T9 treatment because of grain deformation.

「임원십육지(林園十六志)」[정조지(鼎俎志)] 중 식감촬요(食鑑撮要)의 곡류에 관한 고찰

송윤진;이효지 한양대학교 2005 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.25 No.1

The grains which is recorded to the 「Lim Won Sib Yun Gi」and the 「Dongeuebogam」is having the nature which is various and multi it operates. The grains classified with the rice, the barley, the miscellaneous grain crop, the bean and the sesame 5 kinds a lot. The rice 10 kinds and the barley 4 kinds and the miscellaneous grain crop 10 kinds and the bean awake with 10 kinds and among the rest 4 kinds where were the total 37 kinds. from the executive ten land with different grains classification differently the bean and the sesame belonged in grains. The grains classified with the rice, the barley, the miscellaneous grain crop, the bean and the sesame 5 kinds a lot. The rice in that 10 kinds and the barley 4 kindsl and the miscellaneous grain crop 10 kinds and the bean were the total 37 kinds with 10 bells and 4 kinds which awake. The cereals followed in nature and it classified with the hot and the warm, the normal, the cool and the ice. Nature afterwords that the A to be many most with 10 kinds the nature of the ice and the warm is many each with 8 kinds portion hold. The grains was having an benefit effect and the side effect which are various.

Ca^(2+)―작동성 Cl^-전류에 미치는 이차 전령들의 효과

송인섭,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.3

The anion movements across the cell membrane were regarded as apart of passive distribution according to the cation movements. Recently, from the developement of patch clamp technique new concept for anion channels were introduced. And their roles in the genesis of action potential and resting potential were noticed. So we clarified the existence of the chloride channel in the smooth muscle cells and studied its nature in regard to the roles of the second messangers. We used the whold cell voltage clamp technique to study the current responses induced by carbachol application in the circular smooth muscle cells of the gastric antrum of the rabbit. The results were as follows; 1. Application of the carbachol induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Even in the cases of blocking all the known currents, these current components were observed. 3. Sodium ion removel from the external medium rarely affected these current responses, and the addition of cadmium ion did not make any remarkable change. 4. Known second messangers such as c-AMP, c-GMP, heparin, A1F_4 rarely affected these current components. 5. Lowering of intracellular calcium ion concentration drastically reduced these current responses. Form the above results we can suggest that the carbachol induced current responses contained chloride currents which were activated by only intracellular calcium ion, not by any other second messegers in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.

뇌 경막하 축농

송준석,하은주,이종수,이승재,박효일 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.12

Subdural empyema is relatively uncommon condition. characterized by purulent collection in the subdural space. Having presented a fulminating clinical course with very high morbidity and mortality. it is conconsidered as a neurosurgical emergency. In recent years, the mortality of subdural empyema has significantly diminished due to rapid diagnosis, aggressive antibiotic therapy and timely surgical intervention. The condition remains a diagnostic challenge ; CT scanning cannot be relied upon although the use of intravenous contrast and more modem scanner has improved the diagnostic yield. MRI offers earlier and more accurate diagnosis of computed tomographically suspected lesion. We report cases of subdural empyemas. which were diagnosed with MR and operaton. We treated one case successfully and the other postoperative case unsuccessfully owing to a delayed diagnosis.

여성에 있어서 연령 및 생리주기가 대장통과시간에 영향을 미치는가?

송영진,이상전,윤효영 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1995 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.5 No.1

20대에서 60대까지의 병력상 장운동 장애가 없는 여성 43명(50세미만으로서 생기주기가 규칙적이고 검사기간동안 나포기에 있는 자 13명, 황체기에 있는자 15명, 50세이상으로서 폐경기이후인 자 15명)을 대상으로 방사선 비투과표지를 수회 투여하는 방법을 사용하여 대장 통과시간을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 우측결장 11.2 ±2.2시간, 좌측결장 9.5 ±1.1시간, 직장 및 에스상결장 10.7 ±1.9시간, 전 대장 31.3 ±2.8시간이었다. 2) 50세미만 군은 우측결장 10.9 ±1.2시간, 좌측결장 9.9 ±1.3시간, 직장에스상결장 및 직장 9.9 ±2.3시간, 전 대장 30.7 ±3.0시간이었고, 50세이상군은 우측결장 11.5 ±1.9이상, 좌측결장 8.8 ±0.8시간, 직장 및 에스상결장 12.1 ±2.0시간, 전 대장 32.4 ±2.4 시간으로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 3) 난포기 여성군은 우측결장 11.1 ±7시간, 좌측결장 8.6 ±1.2시간, 직장 및 에스상결장 10.4 ±1.3시간, 전 대장 30.1 ±2.4 시간이었으며, 황체기 여성군은 우측결장 10.8 ±1.2시간, 좌측결장 11.0 ±2.1시간, 직장 및 에스상결장 9.5 ±0.8시간, 전 대장 31.3 ±4.2 시간으로 좌측결장에서는 황체기가 난포기보다 통과시간이 유의하게 길었으나(p<0.05), 전체 대장 통과시간에는 유의한 차이가 없어(p>0.05) 생리주기상의 시기에 따른 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 노인화에따라 대장 통과시간이 길어짐을 알 수 있었으나 생리주기에 따른 대장통과시간의 차이는 발견할 수 없었다. 따라서, 여성에 있어서 노인화에 따른 변비는 대장통과시간의 지연과 관련이 있을지 모르나, 생기주기에 따른 변비증상의 발현은 대장통과시간의 지연과는 관련이 없음을 시사한다. 아울러 이는 황체기가 변비 증상의 심한 정도와 관련이 있을지 모르지만 그 변화 양상은 장 평활근에 대한 progesterone의 영향과는 연관이 없음을 시사하고 있다. To ellucidate the effect of age and the phase of a menstrual cycle in women on the segmental or/and total colonic transit time, mean colonic transit time was measured in 43 women(13 in the follicular phase, 15 in the luteal phase, and 15 of the postmenopause) between 3rd decade and 7 the decade. All had complained of no functional gastrointestinal symptoms, and premenopausal women have regular menstrual cycles. Multiple bolus techniques of radioopaque markers were used by taking twenty markers for three consecutive days, and then two abdominal films on the day 4th. and 7th. The results were as follows : 1) Mean transit time was 11.2 ±2.2 hours in right colon, 9.5 ±1.1 hours in left colon, 10.7 ±1.9 hours in rectun and sigmoid colon, and 31.3 ±2.8 hours in total colon. 2) Mean transit time under age 50 was 10.9 ±1.2 hours in right colon, 9.9 ±1.3 hours in left colon, 9.9 ±2.3 hours in rectum and sigmoid colon, and 30.7 ±3.0 hours in total colon, while over age 50 they were 11.5 ±1.9 hours in right colon, 8.8 ±0.8 hours in left colon, and 12.1 ±2.0 hours in rectum and sigmoid colon, and 32.4 ±2.4 hours in total colon, which showed statistically differences in rectum and sigmoid colon, and total colon(p<0.05). 3) Mean transit time of women in the follicular phase were right colon 11.1 ±7 hours, left colon 8.6 ±1.2 hours, rectum and sigmoid colon 10.4 ±1.3 hours, and total colon 30.1 ±2.4 hours, in the luteal phase were right colon 10.8 ±1.2 hours, left colon 11.0 ±2.1 hours, rectum and sigmoid colon 9.5 ±0.8 hours, and total colon 31.3 ±4.2 hours. Although transit hour in the left colon was longer in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase, no significant difference was found in the total colon transit time(p>0.05). These results showed mean colon transit time prolongs as women become older, but is not affected by the specific phase in a menstrual cycle.