생약제제인 이공산(異功散)의 Cisplatin 유도 신장독성 보호 및 항산화 효과

Lee, Kyung-Tae,Ahn, Kyoo-Seok,Chang, Sung-Goo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Jung, Jee-Chang 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung-Tae Lee, Kyoo-Seok Ahn¹, Sung-Goo Chang², Soo-Myung Oh²and Jee-Chang Jung²¹College of Pharmacy, ²Oriental Medicine and ³College of Medicine, and East-West Medical Reserch Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Preventive and Antioxidative Effects of Crude Drug Preparation(E-kong-san) on Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 201-211, 1999. -Nephroprotective effects of a crude drug-prearation (E-kong-san) were determined from cisplatin on rabbit kidney proximal tubule and human renal cortical cells by MTT assays and sustained glucose consumption on ciplatin-induced human renal cortical tissue. Levels of creatinine and blood ure nitrogen(BUN) in serum after administration of cisplatin(0.75mg/kg,i.p.) to E-kong-san(0.75g/kg/day,p.o.)-pretreated rats were markedly lower compared to those of cisplatin-treated rats. Moreover, the administration of E-kong-san significantly inhibited the loss of body weight of cisplatin injected rts. These findings suggest that E-kong-san on the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity led us to investigate whether the effect of this water extract was a result of anti-oxidation. E-kong-san showed strong free radical scavenger activities on 1,1-dipheny1-2picrylhydrazil(DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase(XOD) generated superoxide anion radical(O2-). We further studied the effects of E-kong-san on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes induced by enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods. E-kong-san exhibited significant inhibition on both ascorbic acid/Fe2+and ADP/NADPH/Fe3+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Based on these results, we suggest that-E-kong-san attenuate the cisplatin induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism can be eplained by antioxidant.

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

자연오염세정식 순화유동충 열교환기 내 유동과 열전달

안수환,손강필 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.35 No.-

원통다관형 열환기 내 고체입자들을 자연 순환시켜 오염물질을 세정함으로서 항상 오염이 되지 않는 순환유동층 열교환기를 개발하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자, 다양한 고체입자들에 따른 열전달과 유동특성의 변화를 조사하고, 또한 장시간에 걸친 오염 실험을 행하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 유체 속도가 증가할수록 충돌횟수가 감소하였고 구리의 경우 1.3 m/s이상의 유속에서는 충돌이 이루어지지 않고 상승하였다. 비중이 클수록 대체로 항력계수가 증가하였고 내부 유동일 경우가 외부유동일 경우보다 항력계수가 컸다. Al 입자의 경우 순환 유동층 열교환기의 튜브내 유속을 0.4m/s~0.7m/s 범위로 하면 오염을 제거할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 열전달계수도 고체입자를 순환하지 않는 열교환기보다 2배 이상의 열전달계수 상승효과를 얻었다. The commercial viability of heat exchanger is mainly dependent on their long-term fouling characteristics because the fouling increases the pressure loss and degrades the thermal performance of a heat exchanger. An experimental study was performed to investigate the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer in a fluidized bed heat exchanger with circulating various solid particles. The present work showed that the drag coefficients of particles in the internal flow were higher than in the external flow, in addition, the solid particle periodically hitting the tube wall broke the thermal boundary layer, and increased the rate of heat transfer. Particularly when the flow velocity was low, the effect was more pronounced.

세계어로서의 영어와 대학생활

安秀雄 釜山工業大學校 學生生活硏究所 1992 學生生活硏究 Vol.2 No.-

NaOH 첨가에 따른 음식물찌꺼기 고온 혐기성 산발효

안철우,이철승,서종환,박진식,문추연,장성호,김수생 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 음식물찌꺼기의 혐기성 산발효에 있어 여러 조건들 중 온도가 효율적인 가수분해와 산발효에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 고온(55℃)과 중온(35℃)에서 각각 실험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 음식물찌꺼기의 혐기성 산발효시 산생성 효율을 높이기 위한 전처리 과정으로 음식물찌꺼기에 NaOH를 투입한 결과 가수분해효율을 표현한 가용화 정도(Solubilization)가 0.01 g NaOH/g TS이하로 투입된 경우 0.01 mgSCOD_(prod)/mgICOD_(inf)이하를 나타내었으나, 0.05 g NaOH/g TS이상을 투입했을 때는 0.07~0.09 mgSCOD_(prod)/mgICOD_(inf)로 나타났다. 따라서 음식물찌꺼기에 NaOH를 투입하여 효율적인 가수분해가 이루어지기 위해서는 g TS당 0.05 g이상의 NaOH가 투입되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 음식물찌꺼기를 NaOH로 전처리한 후 고온(55℃) 산발효를 실시했을 때 0.05 g NaOH/g TS 투입시 SCOD의 증가치 3,800 mg/L로 최대의 가용화와 산생성에 효과적인 pH 5.95를 얻을 수 있었다. 0.05 g NaOH/g TS를 투입하여 중온(35℃)에서 산발효를 실시한 경우와 비교하여 SCOD 증가치가 약 5배 정도 높았고, 최대 가용화에 이르는 시간도 중온의 2/3 정도로 짧아 음식물찌꺼기의 가용화에는 고온이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. NaOH 0.05 g NaOH/g TS로 전처리된 음식물찌꺼기의 산발효 결과 고온(55℃) 및 중온(35℃)에서 각각 반응시작 후 72시간에 12,600 mg/L, 120tlrksdp 9,800 mg/L의 VFA농도를 나타내어 동일기질을 이용하여 산발효를 실시했을 때 중온보다는 고온에서 미생물의 활성증대와 유기물의 가수분해가 촉진되어 VFA생성이 효율적인 것으로 판단되었다. 고온에서 NaOH에 전처리된 음식물찌꺼기를 산발효 시켰을 때 VFA가 가장 높았던 시점을 기준으로 VFA의 조성을 조사한 결과 acetic acid가 45.9%, butyric acid가 26.7%, propionic acid가 13.9% 등으로 총 유기산 발생량의 86.5%를 차지하였다. This study showed that thermophilic anaerobic acid fermentation of food wastes had an enhanced hydrolysis capability and improvement of acidification efficiency. Influence of pH on the anaerobic hydrolysis and acidogenesis was investigated to determine the proper alkalinity in the thermophilic fermentation of food wastes. The results of putting NaOH as alkali to evaluate hydrolysis and acid fermentation efficiency in acid fermentation process of food wastes showed that the food wastes pretreated with 0.05 g NaOH/g TS had the maximum 12,600 mg/L of VFAs concentration during HRT 3 days in 55℃ hermophilic condition and the maximum 9,700 mg/L of VFAs concentration during HRT 5 days in 35℃ mesophilic condition. The accomplishment of high VFAs concentration resulted from that the main component of food wastes such as cellulose, lignin and etc. is performed active chemical decomposition by alkali in thermophilic condition. The major components of VFAs produced from the thermophilic acid fermentation process of food wastes were the short chain fatty acids such as acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid.

上向流式 好氣性 生物膜에 의한 農藥含有廢水의 處理에 관한 硏究

안용희,장성호,안종수,박출재,김수생 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1994 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.2

This study has been carried out to determine the toxicity of agricultural chemical (TPN) as to wastewater treatment. This system used Aerated Submerged Up-Flow Biofilm Reactor. This reactor can withstand the variation of concentration, flow rate and presence of certain toxic materials in the wastewater to be treated. An acclimation experiment was variated influent COD from 250㎎/ℓ~70㎎/ℓ. The agricultural chemical was added to obtained optimum condition at influent COD 400㎎/ℓ by the acclimation experiment. The conclusions from the experimental results are as follows ; 1. Influent COD concentration was variated 250㎎/ℓ~600㎎/ℓ. The treatment efficiency was stability(86% to 93.3%). When influent COD was 400㎎/ℓ, the treatment efficiency was at best-93.2%. Accordingly, this system was proved to be suitable in treating the wastewater with wide range of concentration. 2. The influent TPN concentration below 1ppm at Up-Flow Aerated Biofillm Reactor, raised no harmful result to treatment efficiency. 3. The treatment efficiency was decreased to 29.8% when the lapse of time. 4. When the experimental TPN toxicity was compared with the DDT toxicity in the reference, it was proved that both of the toxicity had the similer trend.

수공구조물이 하천환경에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구(II) : 수질 및 생태학적특성 Water Quality and Ecological Characteristics

안승섭,최윤영,이수식 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

In this study, water protection reservoir is selected as the target which is located at the estuary of Taehwa river to analyze and examine the effects of hydraulic structure on river environment. This study examined the water quality variation characteristics among many effects of hydraulic structure on river environment before and after removal of the sediment protection reservoir when low flow is yielded. This study aims at the definition of factors which cause the change of ecological environmental friendly river space development through the comparison of stream variation conditions(depth, velocity, and etc.) and riverbed variation characteristics with ecological depth condition of Taehwa-river's channel for each representative species of fish and examination those. Firstly, form the examination result of water quality when low flow is yielded before and after removal of the sediment protection reservoir for problems about water quality of river due to flow amount decrease in river, it is found that DO decreases about 0.78~0.86ppm at the lower stream of Myeongchon-gyo, and BOD decreases about 0.06~0.24ppm from right upper stream to the direction of estuary when the sediment protection reservoir is removed. It is known from the above that there is some improvement of water quality from the lower stream of Taehwa-gyo to the estuary in case of removal the sediment protection reservoir. Nextly, it is thought that the effects on ecosystem due to water depth and draw down in channel is not serious on the basis of the examination of water quality analysis result according to removal of sediment protection reservoir and hydraulic depths for reservation of ecosystem, these are 10~40㎝ for breeding season, 10~50㎝ for fry period, and 10~100㎝ for adult period of the representative species of fish in Korea.

音의 收音과 마이크 배열에 關한 小考

安守根 대구보건대학 1986 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

자체 유도 현상에 대한 직관적 사고의 내용과 원인 분석을 통한 과학자적 이해

안수영 한국과학교육학회 2003 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.23 No.2

자체 유도 현상은 고등학교의 모든 물리Ⅱ 교과서에서 다뤄지고 있는 중요한 개념이다. 자체 유도 현상에 대한 설문 조사 결과, 코일로 구성된 회로에서 스위치를 열기만 하면 고압의 유도 기전력이 발생한다는 과 일반화된 사고는 일반고등학교 학생뿐만 아니라 과학고등학교 학생들에서도 심각할 정도로 많이 나타난다. 자체 유도 현상에 대한 학생들의 일반화된 사고의 원인을 현행 물리Ⅱ 교과서 분석을 통해 찾아볼 수 있었다. 그 결과, 특정 회로에서의 네온 전구의 점등 현상을 바탕으로 학생들의 직관적 사고에 의존한 막연한 설명이 주된 원인으로 나타난다. 자체 유도 현상에 대한 과학자적 이해를 돕기 위하여 정량적 해석을 시도하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 학생들에게 자체 유도 현상을 효과적으로 이해시킬 수 있는 정성적인 접근 방법을 찾아보았다. Self-induction is and important concept in the field of electromagnetism, which is dealt with in all the high school physics textbooks. According to the results of the survey on self-induction, most of general high school students and even science high school students have overgeneralized concepts that high self-induced emf. are produced whenever the switch is turned off in the circuit containing inductors. The reasons of this overgeneralization on self-induction could be explained through the analysis of current high school physics Ⅱ textbooks. Main reasons can be attributed to the fact that, by depending on their intuitive ideas. students try to vaguely explain the concept, based on lighting up of Ne tube in the special circuit. This study found out qualitative method to have students effectively understand self-inductions based on quantitative interpretation to gain scientific understanding ong self-induction.

단일전력단으로 구성된 AC/DC 풀 브리지 컨버터에 관한 연구

안병무,권순도,김용,백수현 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 2000 산업기술논문집 Vol.11 No.1

본 논문에서는 단일단 AC/DC 폴브리지 토포로지에 적합한 고주파 소프트 스위칭 컨버터응용에 근거를 두고 제안한다. 제안된 컨버터는 입력전류를 불연속 모드로 동작시켜 역률을 개선하며 입력전류의 zero-crossing-point에서의 왜곡을 개선함으로써 고조파를 감소시켜 고역률, 영전압 스위칭, 저잡음과 고효율을 구현한다. 펄스폭 변조 제어방식은 각각의 스위칭과 정류손실을 저감하기 위해 사용되었다. 제안한 컨버터는 IGBT를 전력스위치로서 주로 사용되지는 고전압, 고전력 컨버터응용에 적용할 수 있으며, 실험을 통하여 1.5kW, 30kHz로 동작하는 컨버터를 구현하였다. A single stage AC/DC converter based on a full bridge topology suitable for high frequency soft switching converter applications is proposed. The power factor correction can be achieved by the discontinuous conduction mode(DCM) operation of the input current. The proposed converter gives the good power factor, low line current harmonics. The proposed converter has high power factor, zero voltage switching low noise and high efficency. A pulse width modulation control is employed to reduce the switching and rectification losses respectively. The proposed converter is attractive for high-voltage, high-power applications where IGBT's are predominantly used as the power switches. The principle of operation, features, and design are verified on a 1.5kW, 30kHz, IGBT based experimental circuit.