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초등학생을 위한 AI 융합교육 프로그램 개발 및 효과성 분석
백수현,유지원 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2024 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.27 No.2
With the growing interest in AI convergence education, this study aimed to develop an AI convergence education program for elementary school students and assess the effectiveness of the program. The developed program encompassed all three elements of AI education: understanding of AI, AI principles and utilization, and the social impact of AI; a total of 17 lessons were developed. AI learning attitude (AI value recognition, AI learning efficacy, and AI learning persistence) and AI ethics were chosen to test its effectiveness. The study employed a pre- and post-test design to analyze the differences in these variables, and gender differences were also examined. Data were collected from 22 5th-grade students (11 males, 11 females) at an elementary School in Gyeonggi-do, and the program was carried out as an offline class. The findings of the paired-sample t-test analysis revealed significant improvements in AI value recognition, AI learning efficacy, AI learning persistence, and AI ethics. An independent sample t-test found no gender gap in learning effectiveness, except in AI value recognition. Based on the findings, the implications and suggestions for the design and implementation of AI convergence education were discussed.
TDMAT와 TDMAT/$NH_3$ 로 형성한 MOCVD(Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) Titanium Nitride 박막의 특성
백수현,김장수,박상욱,원석준,장영학,오재응,이현덕,이상인,최진석,Baek, Su-Hyeon,Kim, Jang-Su,Park, Sang-Uk,Won, Seok-Jun,Jang, Yeong-Hak,O, Jae-Eung,Lee, Hyeon-Deok,Lee, Sang-In,Choe, Jin-Seok 한국재료학회 1995 한국재료학회지 Vol.5 No.7
MOCVD(Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Dposition) TiN 박막을 다양한 온도와 압력에서 tetrakis-dimethyl-amino-titanium(TDMAT (Ti[N($CH_3$)$_2$]$_4$))의 자체 열분해와 NH$_3$와의 반응을 사용하여 형성하였다. 비저항은 박막내의 불순물 함량에 의존하였는데 특히 XPS curve fitting 결과 주요 불순물인 탄소와 산소 같은 불순물들이 박막내에서 다양한 침입형화합물을 만들어 박막의 물리적, 전기적 특성에 영향을 준다는 것을 알았다. Metal-organic source만을 사용하여 TiN을 형성할 경우 지름이 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$이고 aspect ratio가 3:1인 구멍에서 step coverage가 매우 우수하였으나 NH$_3$를 흘림에 따라 step coverage가 감소하는 것이 SEM으로 확인되었는데 이는 각각의 활성화에너지와 관련된 것으로 보인다. Thin films of titanium nitride are formed using the tetrakis-dimethyl-amino-titanium (TDMAT(Ti[N($CH_3$)$_2$]$_4$)) under various conditions. The formation of TiN films has been obtained from the thermal decomposition of the Ti-precursor and the gas phase reaction between TDMAT and ammonia(NH$_3$). The resistivity of the MOCVD film can be attributed to their impurity. Especially the curve fitting graph of XPS data is revealed that main impurities in the films as carbon and oxygen make various interstitial compounds which has influenced physical and electrical properties of the film. In the contact hole with the aspect ratio of 3:1 and the diameter of 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, the SEM morphology shows that the step coverage is more decreased in the films formed y flowing ammonia additionally than the films formed by pyrolysis of TDMAT and the phenomenon is probably related with the activation energy.
正弦波 PWM 인버터로 驅動되는 誘導電動機의 等價回路 定數算定
白壽鉉,金必洙 東國大學校 1991 東國論叢 Vol.30 No.-
In this paper, a new estimation method of equivalent circuit parameters for Induction Motor supplied from Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation(SPWM) Inverter is presented. This proposed estimation method based on T-type equivalent circuit by the sinusoidal wave source measured easily, using a some experimental apparatus such as digital power meter (DPM) without harmonic equivalent circuit estimation method. Finally, experimental verification of both this proposed estimation method and harmonic equivalent circuit estimation method was performed on a 2.2〔Kw〕 squirrel-cage induction motor.
백수현,민성호,안정숙,박기창,김민혁,Paik, Soo-Hyun,Min, Seongho,Ahn, Joung-Sook,Park, Ki-Chang,Kim, Min-Hyuk 한국정신신체의학회 2015 정신신체의학 Vol.23 No.2
연구목적 본 연구에서는 섬망의 운동성 아형 간의 증상과 임상적 특징의 차이를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 일 대학병원에 입원하여 정신건강의학과에 협진의뢰된 환자 중 일반신체질환에 의한 섬망으로 진단된 256명을 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 검토하였다. 운동성 아형은 Lipowski의 분류 체계에 따라 과활동형, 저활동형 및 혼재형으로 분류하였으며, 섬망평가척도를 이용하여 증상을 평가하였다. 결 과 과활동형이 130명(50.8%), 혼재형은 118명(46.1%), 저활동형은 118명(3.1%)이었다. 과활동형은 평균연령이 혼재형 환자보다 적었으며(p=0.022), 섬망을 치료하기 위해 항정신병 약물을 더 자주 사용하였다(p<0.001). 과활동형은 인지적 및 비인지적 증상 점수가 타 아형에 비해 높았다(각각 p=0.002, p<0.001). 결 론 섬망의 운동성 아형에 따라 증상 및 임상적 특징에서 차이가 있었다. 운동성 아형에 따라 진단 및 치료적 접근 방법을 달리하여, 특정 아형의 섬망 진단이 간과되거나 치료가 지연되지 않도록 관심을 가질 필요가 있다. Objectives : To investigate clinical and symptomatic differences among motoric subtypes of delirium. Methods : A total of 256 patients referred to psychiatric consultation services for delirium due to general medical condition were assessed retrospectively. Motoric subtypes were determined according to Lipowski's criteria for hyperactive, hypoactive and mixed subtypes. All patients were evaluated according to Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98(DRS-98-R) by trained psychiatrists to obtain symptomatic profiles of delirium. Results : Hyperactive subtype were 50.8%(n=130), mixed 46.1%(n=118) and hypoactive 3.1%(n=8). Hyperactive patients were younger than mixed subtype($69.62{\pm}13.976$ vs. $73.97{\pm}11.569$, p=0.022) and received antipsychotics to manage symptoms of delirium more frequently(83.8% vs. 57.6%, p<0.001). Hyperactive patients had higher DRS-R-98 scores on both noncognitive($7.14{\pm}3.543$ for hyperactive, $5.62{\pm}3.279$ for mixed subtype) and cognitive subscales($10.00{\pm}3.574$ for hyperactive, $6.38{\pm}2.875$ for hypoactive, $7.43{\pm}3.771$ for mixed subtype, p<0.001). Conclusions : We demonstrated that clinical and symptomatic profiles were different across motoric subtypes in delirium. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach should be made differently according to motoric subtypes of delirium and special attention is needed not to underestimate or delay treatment in specific motoric subtype of delirium.