도시지역 일부 고등학생들의 우울과 불안에 관한 조사 연구

곽은주,송인순,정용준,조영채 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study has examined the degree of depression and anxiety among high school students in an urban area and then explored the factors influencing their depression and/or anxiety status. Self-administered questionnaires were offered to 2,381 students from ten high schools in Daejon Metropolitan City. The items for investigation included such factors as various characteristics of school and family life, daily life style, and the degree of depression and anxiety. Based on the study results, the following conclusions were made; 1. The distribution according to the depression degree has shown that 61.9% of students were normal, 32.9% of students had mild depression, 5.0% moderate depression, and 0.3% severe depression. As for anxiety, 40.2% of students were normal, while 19.1% were classified as having anxiety and 40.7% borderline anxiety. 2. As regards to the degree of depression and anxiety, it was greater in girls than boys, in 3rd graders than 1st and 2nd graders, and in the groups who have recieved lower grades in studies, who had poor relations with their friends and a low feeling of satisfaction with school life. In particular, concerning various characteristics of family life, the scores of depression and anxiety were higher in the groups whose financial conditions were poor, whose parents' interests were lower, whose degree of satisfaction with their family and school life was lower, than their counterparts. 3. According to their life styles higher scores of depression and anxiety were found in the groups whose sleeping time was inappropriate, whose breakfasts were skipped, who ate daily snacks, who didn't take regular exercises, and who had poor health habits, compared to their counterparts, respectively. 4. As for the correlation between the degree of depression and its associated variables, the higher scores of depression were in positive correlation with the groups who had lower grades in studies, poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and home life, low parents' interest, poor subjective condition of health, breakfast skipping, lack of regular exercises, and lower indices of health habits. 5. As for anxiety, the higher scores of anxiety were in the positive correlation with the groups with poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and family life, poor subjective condition of health, lack of regular exercises, and poor health habits. 6. The influential factors on the depression of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, sex, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, grades in studies, relation with their friends, presence of regular exercises, degree of interest of parents, sleeping time, cigarette smoking and eating breakfast. 7. The influential factors on the anxiety state of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, sex, sleeping time, regular exercises, cigarette smoking, snacking and relations with their friends. The present study results suggest that girls rather than boys, higher graders than lower ones are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression state, and besides, various characteristics of school and family life, and daily life style can be influential on students' emotional states. Therefore, better management of psychological status of students is thought to require a wide variety of measures to modify the influencing factors and to encourage social support.

정신분열병의 경과 중 발생하는 우울증

곽경환,박두병,최태영,민경준,이영식,기백석,나철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.3

연구목적 : 정신분열병을 음성증상군과 양성증상군으로 나누어 두 군 사이에 우울증이 차이가 있는지를 조사하고 정신분열별의 증상과 우울증과의 연관과 정신분열병의 경과 중 보이는 우울증사의 특징에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 중앙대학병원에 입원한 총 31명(남자 13명, 여자 18명)의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 PANSS, BDI, HDRS와 Simpson Angus Scale을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) BDI 21점 이상을 기준으로 했을 때, 정신분열병의 경과 중 우울증이 발생한 환자는 총 18%였으며, 양성증상군과 음성증상군 간에 차이는 없었다. 2) 양성증상군과 음성증상군 간에 BDI, HDRS 그리고 PANSS-D 등의 점수의 차이는 없었다. 3) 주관척도인 BDI와 객관척도인 HDRS와 PANSS-D 사이의 연관은 없었다. 결 론 : 정신분열병의 우울증은 양성증상이나 음성증상의 한 부분으로 생각하기보다는 또 다른 영역으로 받아들여야 할 것으로 보인다. 임상적으로 정신분열병에서 우울증은 발생되는 비율의 정도를 고려할 대 다른 증상과 더불어 집중적인 관심이 필요하며 이와 함께 우울증으로 인한 결과와 예후의 심각성을 고려할 때 우울증에 대한 인식 및 진단과 치료에 더 많은 진전이 있어야 한다. Objective : The heterogeneity of symptomatology within the group of schizophrenias is still a major obstacle for defining clinically useful subgroups of these disorders. One of these symptoms is depression. Recently there is a growing evidence suggesting that depressive symptoms and related mood disturbances are important in treating schizophrenia. This so because of the improvement of such side effects as extraphramidal symptoms with increasing use of atypical antipsychotics. Althought depression is known to be a serious problems of many schizophrenic patients, the nature and course of depression in schizophrenia remain unknown. Methods : The author examined the depressive features in 31 patients with schizophrenia. Rating on the PANSS, BDI and HDRS were obtained. Eighteen percent of the total patients had BDI score above 21, considered depressed. Results : There were no difference in BDI, hDRS and PANSS-D between positive symptoms group and negative synptom group. There was also no correlation between subject scale(BDI) and objective scales(HDRS, PANSS-D). Conclusions : Depression in schizophrenia needs intensive studies. It is also considered as another hereogeneous domain beside negative or positive symptom domain. Out of respect for the high prevalence and serious outcome of depression in schizophrenia, a more differentiated assessment, analysis, and treatment of depressive symptom is recommended.

pH 5.5에서 재광화 용액의 포화도 변화가 인공 탈회된 법랑질의 재광화에 미치는 영향

곽영준,김의성,박성호,공형규,이윤,이찬영 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.5

초기 법랑질 우식의 경우 주위의 pH. 유기산의 종류 및 농도,치아의 무기질 및 유기질의 화학적 조성,불소의 농도,용액의 포화도등에 의해 영향을 받는다고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 lactic acid를 이용하여 법랑질을 인공 탈회시키고, pH 5.5인 포화도가 다른 세 가지 재광화 용액 (포화도 0.25,0.30, 0.35)으로 12일간 처리한 후,편광 현미경에서 얻은 상에서 탈회 깊이의 변화,우식 표면층 폭의 변화,무기질의 양적 변화를 Photoshop, Image pro plus, Scion Image, Excel을 이용하여 비교,분석하였다. 1. pH 5.5 에서 재광화 용액의 포화도가 증가할수록 우식 표면층의 폭은 증가하였다. 2. pH 5.5 에서 l 군의 경우 우식 부위에 전반적으로 재광화가 일어났으나,3군의 경우 우식 표면층에서만 재광화의 양상이 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 2군에서는 1군과 3군의 중간적인 양상이 나타났다. 한편,3군의 경우 1, 2 군보다 우식 표면층의 폭이 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론적으로 본 실험의 조건에서 포화도가 가장 낮았던 군에서는 우식 표면층에서 우식 섬부까지 전반적으로 재광화가 일어난 반면,포화도가 높아질수록 우식 표면층의 폭은 증가하였으나 우식 심부에서는 큰 변화를 보이지 않는 양상이 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to observe and compare the remineralization tendencies of artificially demineralized enamel by remineralization solutions of different degree of saturations at pH 5.5, using a polarizing microscope and computer programs (Photoshop, Image pro plus, Scion Image, Excel). For this study, 36 sound permanent teeth with no signs of demineralization, cracks, or dental restorations were used. The specimens were immersed in lactic acid demineralization solution for 3 days in order to produce dental caries artificially that consist of surface and subsurface lesions. Each of 9 or 10 specimens was immersed in pH 5.5 lactic acid buffered remineralization solution of three different degrees of saturation (0.25, 0.30, 0.35) for 12 days. After the demineralization and remineralization, images were taken by a polarizing microscope (× 100). The results were obtained by observing images of the specimens, and using computer programs, the density of caries lesions were determined. In conclusion, in the group with the lowest degree of saturation, remineralization occurred thoroughly from the surface to the subsurface lesion, whereas in the groups with greater degree of saturation showed no significant change in the subsurface lesion, although there was corresponding increase in the remineralization width on the surface zones.

주정 중독 흰쥐에서 총담관 결찰이 간 및 혈청의 Glyoxalase I 활성에 미치는 영향

곽춘식,김여희,변용준 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1995 계명의대학술지 Vol.14 No.4

The activities of the rat liver and serum glyoxalase-I(GLO-I) were studied in cholestasis induced by common bile duct(CBD) ligation after chronic ethanol intoxication, and in cholestasis before acute ethanol intoxication to establish the biochemical background of alcohol hazards in hepatobiliary disease. GLO-I activities in the rat's liver and serum showed less increases when CBD was ligated after chronic ethanol intoxication than that in the CBD ligation alone. GLO-I activities in the rat's liver and serum showed no more increases when acute ethanol intoxication was induced after CBD ligation than that in the CBD ligation alone. On the other hand, when CBD was ligated after chronic ethanol intoxication, the value of Vmax of the liver GLO-I decreased significantly than that in the CBD was ligated alone. However, the values of Km of the liver GLO-I did not changes in the all experimental groups. Viewed from above results, when chronic ethanol intoxication is combined with cholestasis, GLO-I in the liver seems to be decrease its activity than that in cholestasis, and the cause of the decrease is thought to be decreased biosynthesis.

고정밀 연삭기용 주축시스템 설계

편영식,이건범,박정현,요꼬이 요시유끼,여진욱,안건준,곽철훈 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Any one of the high precision spindle systems and guide way systems, the high stiffness of structure, the error compensation during assembly, high accuracy control system is inevitable technology for development of high precision machine tools. Especially, among these, design of spindle system is one of the most important technologies leading high precision of machine tool and high quality of manufactured products. A high speed and high precision spindle system which will be used for final machining of ferrule, is designed considering the effect of heat, cutting torque, cutting force, and work-piece materials. The detailed design and analysis process are presented.

과일과피로부터 폴리페놀 분리에 따른 생리기능연구

안봉전,이진태,곽재훈,박정미,이진영,박태순,손준호,최청 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2003 생명자원과 산업 Vol.7 No.-

Biological activities and anticarcinogenicity of Korean Pear peel were investigated. Electron donating activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity of fraction Ⅱ, Ⅲ were up to 90% and 50-60% at 50ppm, respectively. Inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase were about 80% at 50ppm, breast adenocarcinoma was about 60% at 2,000 ppm, higher Ⅲ than Ⅱ. Inhibitory effect on prostate adenocarcinoma was about 23% at 500 ppm. In conclusion, Korean Pear peel was expected to use as a functional material.

무기고분자응집제를 이용한 조류의 응집제거

김규동,최영균,김희준,곽종운,정태학 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.5

An Experimental study was conducted for the removal of algae using various inorganic coagulants. Cultivation of algae, investigation of turbidity and chlorophyll-a removal efficiency according to the dosage of coagulants were conducted in series using a jar-tester in this study. Alum, PAC (Polyaluminum chloride), PAC-2 (Concentrated Polyaluminum chloride), PAC-Ca (PAC with Ca), PFC (Polyferricchloride) and PACS (Polyaluminum chlorinate silicate) with various SiO_2 content were used as coagulants. Algae grew up to about 1,500㎍ chlorophyll-a/l in 30 days. Cultivated algae was diluted to 150㎍ chlorophyll-a/l for the laboratory experiment. Decrease of pH was the lowest when PACS-5 was used as a coagulant, while it was the highest when PAC was used. Host of the coagulants showed high turbidity removal rate when the dosage was 1-3 mg Al/l. PFC showed stable turbidity removal efficiency and 80% of removal efficiency could be obtained when the dosage was 1.34 mg Fe/l. Among the coagulants, PACSs showed relatively higher removal efficiency of chlorophyll-a and it was the highest when PACS-5 was used. It means that inorganic coagulant including silicate is more advantageous in the removal of algae, and appropriate content of silicate on the basis of molar ratio of Al to Si is an important factor affecting the stability and settleability of the alum floc.

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

만성 활동성 간염에 있어서 Ursodeoxycholic acid의 치료효과

김성록,안병철,윤영미,탁원영,곽규식,최용환,정준모 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶北醫大誌 Vol.32 No.4

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and biochemical effects of SGD-F^(R)(UDCA, Vitamin B_1, Vitamin B_2 complex) in chronic active hepatitis. Observed cases were given orally after each meal(three times a day) for 4 weeks. The results were as follows: 1. Among subjective symptoms, improvement rate showed in easy fatigability 86.7%, anorexia 68.0%, indigestion 80.0%, nausea and vomiting 72.7%, RUQ pain 83.3%. 2. Biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, showed to be improved significantly after the 4 weeks treatment.(p<0.01) 3. There was no specific side effect during the study period in all cases. In conclusion, SGD-F^(R) capsule may be safe and effective for chronic active hepatitis.

한국산 약용식물의 화장품천연소재로서 응용에 관한연구

안봉전,이진태,이순애,곽재훈,박정미,이진영,박태순,손준호 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2003 생명자원과 산업 Vol.7 No.-

Biological activities and application of sanguisorbae officinalis L. were investigated. In the enzymological physiological activities, the electron donating ability(EDA) was 54.92% in 10 ppm and it was over 90% over 50ppm and SOD-like activity was high as 65.36% in 1000 ppm, it was gradual increased. As inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase, it was 17.90% in 200 ppm and a little low as 36.89% in 500 ppm and inhibitory effect of tyrosinase, it was a little low as 20.45% below 1000 ppm. As the result of measuring the lipid oxidation, all the concentrations of medical ion treatments had the ability to keep it from acidification and metal ion blocking effects about the lipid oxidation promoting factors(Fe^(2+) and Cu^(2+)), Fe^(2+) was better than Cu^(2+) and all concentrations of medical ion treatments was 40% in 50ppm. When it was applied into normal skin-softener it showed safe effect so that we can expect that as the natural material of cosmetics.