상주 및 인근지역 단체급식소의 다량조리 실태연구 : 식단분석 및 다량조리 실태

박모라,김귀영,박필숙,강우원 동아시아식생활학회 1998 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate quantity food production practices in foodservices by analysing the menus of April, 1996. The questionnaire was developed and responded to by 96 dietitians in Sangju, Munkyung, Gumee, Kimchun, and Andong during November, 1996. The survey was performed by simple random samplings. The results were as follows; 1. Hospitals and industry served food for thirty days and schools for twenty days. Kimchi was a select-menu for hospitals and one side dish for industry and schools. The type of menu was a single use menu which consisted of cooked rice, soups and three side dishes. 2. The most frequently used ingredients were green onions, rice, carrots, onions, Korean radish roots, pork, eggs, glutinous rice, and milk. Kimchis were served most frequently in all food-services and cooked rices and soups were next. 3. The age of most of the respondents was 26 to 30. 54.2% of subjects were junior college graduates and 77.1% were single. Fifty-seven point three percent of the dietitians lived with family, relatives, or friends. 87.5% of the dietitians had been working for 1 to 5 years. 4. Most foodservices were self-operated. The number of meals served was determined by meal coupon counting in hospitals(37.5%), meal board counting in industry(29.2%), and attendance card counting in schools(41.1%). The cost of sales per meal was approximately 2,450 won in hospitals and was approximately 1,100 won in industry and schools. The average number of days per menu cycle was 7.4 in hospitals, 10.3 in industry and 25.5 in schools. Hospitals, industry, and schools held about 118, 265, and 263 recipes, respectively. The average number of dietitians was 2.6 in hospitals and 1.0 in industry and schools. Except for the number of recipes, the general practices of foodservices were significantly different(P<0.05). 5. In the general quantity food production, food and seasonings measuring was hardly done. The percentage of foodservices using chemical seasonings was higher in hospitals and industry than in schools. The most important concern was taste. Registered cooks were employed in 75% of schools but only 50.0% in hospitals and 20.8% in industry. Most of the dietitians responded that their cooks skill was not bad. The education of unregistered cooks was performed once or two times a month in hospitals and industry, and in schools performed everyday. The problem when educating cooks was the lack of cooking skill of the dietitians in schools, and the lack of time in hospitals, and the negative attitude toward education in industry. The method for improving cooking in all foodservices was OJT, or the extension of education facilities and the development and dissemination of standard recipes. The frequency of throwing away leftovers was higher in hospitals. But in industry, the frequency of saving leftovers was higher. 6. Though all foodservices have standard recipes, the number that used them was low. Another problem is that standard recipes resulted in leftovers. The inconveniences of using standard recipes were the difficulty of applying standard recipes to various numbers of customers the complication of use, or facility insufficiency.

大邱地域 地殼 γ-線의 照射線量率 測定

이모성,김위수,강희동,최문규,장시호,정춘균 대한방사선 방어학회 1994 방사선방어학회지 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 대구지역의 지각 r-선에 의한 조사선량율을 측정하고 그에 따른 성분별 공간선량율 및 지역적 분포 등의 환경방사선 특성을 조사하였다. r-선 스펙트럼의 측정에는 4"ø ×4"Nal(Tl) 계측기와 휴대용 다중파고분석장치를 이용하여 이 지역내의 28개 지점에서 in-situ spectrometry를 수행하였으며, 측정된 스펙트럼으로부터 조사선량율을 환산하여 지각 r-선의 총선량율과 일반적으로 자연방사능의 주종이 되는 ?K, ?U계열 및 ?Th계열의 성분별 조사선량율을 구하였다. 조사결과 대구지역의 지각 r-선에 의한 평군조사선량율은 9.4 μR/h였으며 지점별 분포는 7.6∼11.0 μR/h범위로 다소 차이를 보였다. 측정시에 수반되는 기후나 우주선 등에 따른 일변화폭을 고려한다면 지점간의 차이는 주로 표토층의 자연방사성핵종인 ?K, ?U계열 및 ?Th계열의 핵종에 기인함을 알 수 있었으며, 성분별 선량율은 ?K2.9∼4.6 μR/h, ?U계열1.2∼3.1 μR/h, ?Th계열2.5∼5.0 μR/h의 분포를 나타냈다. This study concerns about the measurement and the investigation of environmental radiation characteristics which the components and the distribution of exposure rates by terrestrial r-rays in Taegu area. A 4"ø ×4"Nal(Tl) scintillation detector with a multichannel analyzer was used in the measurement of r-rays as a part of in-situ spectrometry at twenty eight different locations in this area. The conversion into the exposure rate from the measured r-rays spectrum has been carried out leading to a net exposure rate and component ones by ?K, ?U series and ?Th series products which are known by the major parts in the terrestrial r-rays generally. As a result, the average exposure rate by the terrestrial r-rays in Taegu area is 9.4 μR/h and the distribution of individual exposure rates shows more or less differences between these locations even after the consideration of diurnal and rearly variations which are always involved in these measurements. The component parts of exposure rates are distributed ?k2.92.9∼4.6 μR/h, ?U series1.2∼3.1 μR/h and ?Th series 2.5∼5.0 μR/h over the measured locations.

60세 이상 노년기 요추간판 탈출증의 수술적 치료

이환모,강용호,김형규 대한척추외과학회 1997 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Study Design : The diagnosis and surgical results in patients over 60 years old who underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation were evaluated in a retrospective study. Objectives : To evaluate clinical findings and to assess surgical outcomes of the old patients with lumbar disc herniations. Summary of Literature Review : In the aging intervertebral disc, the amount of collagen increases while the ratio between the amounts of polysaccharide and collagen per unit volume decreases. This decreases the water binding capacity making the disc more solid and less elastic. In conjunction with the decreased incidence of trauma in the elderly, herniation of lumbar discs in the elderly group has been considered to be rare. Materials & Methods : All patients were investigated preoperatively and postoperatively. A number of subjective and objective variables were investigated and registered in database. Gathered data included operative findings, postoperative complications, relevant diagnosis, and surgical results. Surgical results were assessed according to Kim's criteria. Results : The postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 months to 60 months with an average of 27 months. The patients were classified into four groups according to Kim's criteria. According to it, there were 3 ( 23% ) excellent, 7 ( 54 % ) good , 2 ( 15 % ) fair and 1( 8% ) poor results. Conclusion : Surgery could be offered to patients who didn't show improvement despite conservative treatment. Surgical treatment has yielded a high rate of satisfactory results.

광주광역시 전문계 고등학교 특성화 및 종합발전방안

나승일,정철영,김진모,안강현,한홍진,김기용,민상기,장현진 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하는데 있다. 이 연구는 ① 전문계 고등학교 관련 선행연구 분석,② 인력육성 및 특성화 방향을 설정하기 위하여 광주광역시,전라남도,우리나라의 산업여건 분석,③ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교에 대해 Malcolm Baldrige 평가모형에 의한 진단평가와 SWOT 및 활용전략 분석, ④ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 개편 요구 분석,⑤ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안 설정 등의 과정을 통해 수행되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째,비전은 광주광역시 전문계고 특성화와 발전 역량 구축을 통한 산업체 요구에 부합하는 우수 인력 양성이며,이를 위한 전략은 특성화 체제구축,학교교육 혁신,인적 자원 혁신,학교경영 혁신,인프라 구축으로 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 특성화 체제 구축은 특성화 체제 개편,교육과정 중심 특성화,학과 재배치 통합형 고교 도입,특성화고 신설을 통해 추진할 수 있 는데 특히,교육과정 중심 특성화가 적극 도입되어야 한다. 셋째,학교교육 혁신은 교육과정 개편,교수 학습 개선,진로지도 개선,시설 및 기자재 개선을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 넷째,인적자원 혁신은 학교 관리자 역량 강화,교원 역량 강화,학생 역량 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 다섯째,학교경영 혁신은 경영 리더십 제고,경영 성과관리 강화,학교 재정 혁신을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 여섯째,인프라 구축을 위해 지자체,대학,산업체,지역주민과 연계 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 일곱째,13개 전문계 고둥학교의 여건 및 특성에 적합한 단위학교별 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하였다. The purpose of this study was to suggest strategies to specialize and develop vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The study was orderly performed as follows: (1) reviewing literature about vocational high school, (2) analyzing the condition of industries, (3) diagnosing the vocational high school through Malcolm Baldrige model, (4) analyzing the SWOT and application strategies, (5) analyzing the needs of reform, and (6) establishing the strategies for the specialization and development of Vocational High Schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The major findings of this study were as the following: First, the vision was to bring up excellent human resources to corresponds industrial needs through specialization and development of vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Five strategies to achieve it were creating the specialization system, innovating the school education, human resources, and the school management, and building the infrastructure. Second, creating the specialization system can be performed through five tasks which were restructuring the specialization system, creating curriculum-based specialization, trading departments in inter-schools, introducing an integrated high school, and building a new specialized high school. Especially curriculum based specialization needs to be accepted. Third, innovating the school education can be performed through four tasks which were reorganizing the curriculum, improving the teaching and learning, improving the career guidance, and improving the facilities and equipments. Fourth, innovating human resources can be performed through three tasks which were enhancing each competencies of a school manager, a teacher, and a student. Fifth, innovating the school management can be performed through three tasks which were improving the management leadership, developing the performance management, and innovating the school finance. Sixth, building the infrastructure can be performed through four tasks which were enhancing the relationships with a local government, colleges, industries, and local residents. Seventh, individual strategies for the specialization and development of thirteen vocational high schools were also developed by corresponding to their conditions and characteristics.

Characterization of 7S and 11S Globulins in Soybean Varieties Differing in Seed Size and Their Effects on the Properties of Soybean Curd

Sun-Lim Kim,Han-Mo Koo,Se-Cheol Chun,Jung-Tae Kim,Min-Young Kim,Hee-Youn Chi,Eun-Hye Kim,Hyun-Bok Kim,Mi-Jung Kim,Bo-Ram Seo,Eun-Young Kang,Su-Hyun Seo,Ill-Min Chung 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.1

The ratio between 11S and 7S globulins was greater in large seed size varieties (LSSVs) of soybean than in small seed size varieties (SSSVs) or medium seed size varieties (MSSVs) but did not differ between MSSVs and SSSVs. The cysteine and methionine contents of 11S globulins were greater than those of total seed proteins and 7S globulins. The acidic monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids were the most abundant class of amino acid in soybean seed (27.2%) and soybean curd protein (29.3%). Isolated 7S and 11S fractions were analyzed by HPLC. Of the 12 peaks detected, 4 constituted 64.1% of the proteins of the SSSVs, 65.6% of the proteins of the MSSVs, and 70.5% of the proteins of the LSSVs. The 11S/7S globulin ratio was related to the yield and hardness of soybean curd. The MSSVs had the greatest yield of soybean curd, but the soybean curd hardness of the MSSVs was greater than that of the SSSVs. These results show that the 11S/7S ratio and color of soybean seeds can be used to predict the yield, hardness, and color of soybean curd.

최근 국내 유입 Vibrio cholerae균 및 1995년도 국내 집단 발생 콜레라의 역학적 양상

김호훈,신영학,강연호,유천권,박미선,김동술,유재연,전정훈,이복권,박기덕,김동진,정태화,이종구,박기동,김상순,이동모,김문식,조병륜 대한감염학회 1996 감염 Vol.28 No.6

목적 : 1992년 이후 국내에 유입, 확인되는 V. cholerae 균은 현격한 증가 추세를 보이고 있으며, 1995년도 국내 집단 발생 콜레라의 역학적 양상이 종래의 경우와 상이한 바 있어 최근의 콜레라균 유입상황과 국내 역학적 특성을 정리하여 향후의 방역 대책에 참고로 하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 국내 유입 V. cholerae 균은 세균학적 방법에 의해 1986-1995년 사이에 확인된 균주를 대상으로 분석하였고, 국내 집단발생 콜레라는 1995년도에 내국인 거주자에게서 진성 콜레라 환자로 구명된 환자를 대상으로 역학적 양상을 살펴보았다. 결과 : 국내 유입 V. cholerae균은 1992년 이후 1995년 사이에 계절과 무관하게 뚜렷한 증가 추세를 보였다. 1995년도 콜레라 국내 집단 발생의 역학적 양상은 초발 환자가 인지되면서 단기간 사이에 지역적 연고가 없는 다양한 지역에서 콜레라 환자 발생이 확인되었다. 환자 발생 지역 내에서는 비교적 소규모 환자 발생에 그쳤고 진성 콜레라 환자로 확인된 환자 중 사망자는 없었으며 남성에서 여성보다 발병율이 높았다. 결론 : V.cholerae O1균의 국내 유입이 최근 현격히 증가되었고, 1994년에는 V. cholerae O139균의 국내유입이 처음으로 확인되었다. 콜레라 환자의 국내 집단 발생 위험은 1992년 이후 증가되었으며 1995년도의 집단 환자 발생은 지역적 연고가 없는 다양한 지역에서 비교적 단기간에 사망자 없이 소규모의 환자 발생양상을 보였다. Background: Imported Vibrio cholerae strains have increasingly been found since 1992 and the pattern of recent cholera epidemic outbreak in Korea showed a little difference from that of former epidemic outbreak. Methods: We had collected suspected V. cholerae isolates from Quarantine Stations or Public Health Laboratories, which were identified as V. cholerae O1 or O139. Epide miological analysis was made on the base of field surveys. Results: During the period from 1986 through 1995, 138 V. cholerae strains were imported. Nearly 85.5% of the strains (118 strains) were imported within recent 4 years from 1992 to 1995. One hundred and twenty-eight strains were E1 Tor-Ogawa type V. cholerae O1, 6 strains were V. cholerae O139 and 4 strains were E1 Tor-Inaba type V. cholerae O1. Of 138 strains, 71 strains were isolated from the airplane toilet swab and 67 strains from the passengers who entered into Korea after international travel. From 1993 to 1995, 101 strains were imported from the Southeast Asian countries; including Thailand(65), Indonesia(17), Philippines(10), Hongkong(6) Singapore(2) and Vietnam(1). During the cholera epidemic in 1995, 68 patients with V. cholerae O1 (E1 Tor-Ogawa) were found. Oneset of the index-case occurred on August 26th and the last on September 13th. Geographically it occurred in Incheon city(25), Chungcheongnam do(25), Kangwon do(6), Kyungsangbuck do(5), Kyunggi do(4), Daejeon city(2) and Pusan city(1). Of total 68 cases, 39 were male. Cases were found in all age groups, but it was more common in elderly groups. During the epidemic, E1 Tor-Ogawa type V. cholerae O1 strains were also isolated from the coastal sea water of Kanghwa kun where the epidemic outbreak occurred. Conclusions: In Korea, the imported V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139 strains have increasingly been found without seasonal variation since 1992. Cholera epidemic outbreak in 1995, occurred simultaneously at many different local areas within a short period without mortality.

PSR-Based Microstructural Modeling for Turbulent Combustion Processes and Pollutant Formation in Double Swirler Combustors

Kim, Yong-Mo,Kim, Seong-Ku,Kang, Sung-Mo,Sohn, Jeong-Lak The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2001 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.15 No.1

The present study numerically investigates the fuel-air mixing characteristics, flame structure, and pollutant emission inside a double-swirler combustor. A PSR(Perfectly Stirred Reactor) based microstructural model is employed to account for the effects of finite rate chemistry on the flame structure and NO formation. The turbulent combustion model is extended to nonadiabatic flame condition with radiation by introducing an enthalpy variable, and the radiative heat loss is calculated by a local, geometry-independent model. The effects of turbulent fluctuation are taken into account by the joint assumed PDFs. Numerical model is based on the non-orthogonal body-fitted coordinate system and the pressure/velocity coupling is handled by PISO algorithm in context with the finite volume formulation. The present PSR-based turbulent combustion model has been applied to analyze the highly intense turbulent nonpremixed flame field in the double swirler combustor. The detailed discussions were made for the flow structure, combustion effects on flow structure, flame structure, and emission characteristics in the highly intense turbulent swirling flame of the double swirler burner.

Numerical Simulation of Laminar Reacting Flows Using Unstructured Finite Volume Method With Adaptive Refinement

Kang, Sung-Mo,Kim, Hoo-Joong,Kim, Yong-Mo The Korean Society of Combustion 2001 한국연소학회지 Vol.6 No.2

A pressure-based, unstructured finite volume method has been applied to couple the chemical kinetics and fluid dynamics and to capture effectively and accurately the steep gradient flame field. The pressure-velocity coupling is handled by two methodologies including the pressure-correction algorithm and the projection scheme. A stiff, operator-split projection scheme for the detailed nonequilibrium chemistry has been employed to treat the stiff reaction source terms. The conservative form of the governing equations are integrated over a cell-centered control volume with collocated storage for all transport variables. Computations using detailed chemistry and variable transport properties were performed for two laminar reacting flows: a counterflow hydrogen-air diffusion flame and a lifted methane-air triple flame. Numerical results favorably agree with measurements in terms of the detailed flame structure.

A Multi-Center, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Antiviral Activity and Safety of DA-2802 (Tenofovir Disoproxil Orotate) and Viread (Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate) in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

Kim Hyung Joon,Kim Ju Hyun,Yeon Jong Eun,Seo Yeon Seok,Jang Jeong Won,Cho Yong Kyun,Jang Byoung Kuk,Han Byung Hoon,Lee Changhyeong,Lee Joon Hyeok,Yoon Jung-Hwan,Kim Kang Mo,Kim Moon Young,Kim Do Young 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.11

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, Viread®) had been used as a standard treatment option of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DA-2802 (tenofovir disoproxil orotate) compared to TDF. Methods: The present study was a double blind randomized controlled trial. Patients with CHB were recruited from 25 hospitals in Korea and given DA-2802 at a dose of 319 mg once daily or Viread® at a dose of 300 mg once daily for 48 weeks from March 2017 to January 2019. Change in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level at week 48 after dosing compared to baseline was the primary efficacy endpoint. Secondary efficacy endpoints were proportions of subjects with undetectable HBV DNA, those with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and those with loss of hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg), those with loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Adverse events (AEs) were also investigated. Results: A total of 122 patients (DA-2802 group: n = 61, Viread® group: n = 61) were used as full analysis set for efficacy analysis. Mean age, proportion of males, laboratory results and virologic characteristics were not different between the two groups. The change in HBV DNA level at week 48 from baseline was −5.13 ± 1.40 in the DA-2802 group and −4.97 ± 1.40 log10 copies/mL in the Viread® group. The analysis of primary endpoint using the nonparametric analysis of covariance showed statistically significant results (P < 0.001), which confirmed non-inferiority of DA-2802 to Viread® by a prespecified noninferiority margin of 1. The proportion of undetectable HBV DNA was 78.7% in the DA-2802 group and 75.4% in the Viread® group (P = 0.698). The proportion of subjects who had normal ALT levels was 75.4% in the DA-2802 group and 73.3% in the Viread® group (P = 0.795). The proportion of those with HBeAg loss was 8.1% in the DA-2802 group and 10.8% in the Viread® group (P = 1.000). No subject showed HBsAg loss. The frequency of AEs during treatment was similar between the two groups. Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity. Conclusion: DA-2802 is considered an effective and safe treatment for patients with CHB.

Comparative study of edge-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets as metal-free counter electrodes for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

Kim, Chang Ki,Kim, Hong Mo,Aftabuzzaman, M.,Jeon, In-Yup,Kang, Sung Ho,Eom, Yu Kyung,Baek, Jong Beom,Kim, Hwan Kyu ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. AMSTERDAM 2018 Materials today energy Vol.2018 No.9