서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1990)

김재홍,김한중,노영석,김영태,김중환,황규홍,이정덕,백승철,김건우,조상현,김준영,김석민,김영호,김상순,이승한,김방순,전덕규,하상근 대한화학요법학회 1992 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhoeae cases isolates at the VD clinic of Choong-ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1990, 162 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 80 were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1987, thereafter, it has been stationary.

조기발병형 파킨슨병환자와 정상인의 호흡 및 발성 특성 비교

전은애(Eun Ae Chun),손영호(Young Ho Shon),백승재(Seung Jae Baek),이필휴(Phil Hyu Lee),남정모(Chung Mo Nam),이지은(Ji Eun Lee),최예린(Yaelin Choi) 한국언어청각임상학회 2010 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.15 No.4

배경 및 목적: 파킨슨병은 호흡과 발성에 영향을 준다. 49세 이전에 발병하는 조기발병형 파킨슨병(young-onset parkinson’s disease: YOPD, 이하 YOPD)도 호흡과 발성에 문제가 있는지 보기 위해 정상군과 비교하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 파킨슨병 환자의 음성에 관한 연구는 있었지만 YOPD 환자의 음성특성에 대한 호흡과 발성 기능에 대해서 연구된 선행연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 방법: YOPD 환자군 6명과 빈도대응 시킨 정상군 6명을 대상으로 호흡기능 평가를 위하여 MicroQuarkⓇ를 이용하여 노력성 폐활량(forced vital capacity: FVC, 이하 FVC), 1초간 노력성 호기량(forced expiratory volume at one second: FEV1, 이하 FEV1)과 1초간 노력성 호기량의 노력성 폐활량에 대한 비(이하 FEV1/FVC)를, 음향학적인 평가를 위하여 Multi-Dimentional Voice Program(이하 MDVP)를 이용하여 주기간 주파수 변동률 (이하 jitter)과 주기간 진폭 변동률(이하 shimmer)을, 공기역학적인 평가를 위하여 Phonatory Aerodynamic System(이하 PAS)를 이용하여 평균호기류율(mean airflow rate: MFR, 이하 MFR)과 성문하압(subglottal pressure: Psub, 이하 Psub)을, MDVP를 이용하여 최대발성지속시간(maximum phonation time: MPT, 이하 MPT)을 측정하고 분석하였다. 이비인후과 전문의사가 후두 스트로보스코피(stroboscopy)를 통해 후두의 병리 유무를 평가하였다. 두 집단의 호흡기능, 발성기능의 차이는 맨-휘트니 U검정(Mann-Whitney U-test)을 실시했다. 결과: MPT는 YOPD 환자군에 비하여 정상군이 통계적으로 유의하게 길었고, jitter와 shimmer는 정상군에 비하여 YOPD 환자군이 통계적으로 유의하게 컸다. 그러나 두 군간의 FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MFR, Psub은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 논의 및 결론: 두 집단 간의 호흡기능에서 차이가 없고 YOPD의 MPT, jitter, shimmer가 정상범주를 벗어나 차이가 있다. 이들 변수들이 YOPD의 음성적 진단, 치료계획과 예후를 판단하는데 도움이 될 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 ‘연령’이라는 혼란변수를 배제하고 파킨슨병의 음성 특성을 규명 하는데 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. Background & Objectives: Parkinson’s disease affects respiration as well as phonation. Young-onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD) can occur even before the age of 49 years. The present study selected YOPD patients in such a manner as to exclude the confounding variable of ‘age’ and thus examine the vocal characteristics of Parkinson’s disease solely. We aimed to compare the respiration function and phonation characteristics of these YOPD patients with a normal group. Methods: The present study’s subjects included a YOPD group comprised of 6 patients whose chronological ages were between 38 and 49 years and onset ages were prior to 49 years, and a normal group comprised of 6 subjects selected by frequency-matching. For testing respiration function, FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were measured using Cosmed’s MicroQuarkⓇ as a basic test for the ventilation function of the lung. For vocal sampling, the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) and the Advanced Model 5105 of KayPENTAX’s Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) Model 4400 were used to analyze maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, and shimmer. Additionally, KayPENTAX’s Phonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS) 4500 was utilized to analyze mean air flow rate (MFR) and subglottal pressure (Psub). Otolaryngologists and neurologists participated in the research cooperatively, and the otolaryngologists assessed the presence of laryngeal disease directly through larynx stroboscopy in the all subject. Mann-Whitney’s U test was used to analyze the difference between the 2 groups’ respiration and phonation function. Results: The MPT was longer in the normal group than YOPD patient group, and both jitter and shimmer were larger in the YOPD patient group than the normal group; both of these differences were statistically significant. However, there was no statistically significant difference in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MFR, and Psub. Discussion & Conclusion: The 2 groups’ respiration function did not differ, and YOPD patients’ MPT, jitter, and shimmer differed beyond the normal range. Thus, these variables will help in YOPD patients’ phonation diagnosis and therapeutic plans or prognosis. Although there have been studies on the phonation of Parkinson’s disease patients, limited advanced research can be found on the respiration and phonation function of YOPD patients’ vocal characteristics. The results of this study are meaningful and provide a better understanding of Parkinson’s disease because the subjects were selected such that confounding by age was avoided.

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

스포츠 유형에 따른 여가만족도에 관한 연구

천영일,이재형,조현철 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2002 體育硏究 Vol.- No.16

The Purpose of this study was to the relationship between type of sports activity and leisure satisfaction among collegiate. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the type in sports activity on leisure satisfaction by comparing the difference of psychological, educational, social, physiological, relaxational, and environmental satisfaction. Subjects of this study were sampled 696 the collegiate(392 male, 301 female) by the random sampling method. The method of statistics used to analysis the collected data are frequence, covariance analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis using multiple regression analysis. Based on the procedures and results, the following conclusions were warranted; 1. Background variables such as sex, income, and self-rated health among sociodemographic characteristics in fluence on leisure satisfaction. 2. The type of sports at activity among the collegiate has an influence on the psychological satisfaction. That is, difference in psychological satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and individual event is the highest. 3. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the social satisfaction. That Is, difference in social satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 4. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the social satisfaction. That is, difference in educational satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 5. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the physiological satisfaction. That is, difference in physiological satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 6. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the relaxational satisfaction. That is, difference in relaxational satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and leisure event is the highest. 7. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has no an influence on the environmental sati satisfaction.

Powre-MOSFET를 이용한 저·고 주파수 싸이크로 컨버터에 관한 연구

심재명,김영춘,조문택 한밭대학교 산업과학기술연구소 1993 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

The high frequency output from the general power converter causes harmonics, thereby raising various problems. The most common way to reduce harmonics used to PWM methods which may have some difficulties in heightening the output frequency. Under such a circumstance, this paper suggests a switching pattern of transfer function defining the switching turn-on time and the algorithm of transfer function which can create step square-waves in output one period, thus making it possible to continually transfer to the rage of 5〔Hz〕∼1.5〔Hz〕as well to reduce the harmonics.

SBA-15에 담지된 전이 금속 촉매상에서 p-Xylene의 불균일 액상 산화반응

김영호,손용배,류재춘,양현수,전기원,박상언 한국공업화학회 2004 공업화학 Vol.15 No.1

화학적으로 개조된 SBA-15 실리카 위에 활성 전이 금속 종들(Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, or Cu)이 담지된 불균일 촉매를 제조하였다. 제도된 촉매상에서 p-xylene의 불균일 액상 산화반응이 손쉬운 촉매 분리를 위한 불균일 공정의 개발 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. SBA-15 위에 결합된 Co 종(Co-SBA-15)은 다른 전이 금속 종들보다 대응하는 방향족 카르복실산으로의 산화 반응에 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타냈다. 더 나아가 Co-SBA-15 촉매상에서 반응시간(0.5~9 h), 반응온도(130~190 ℃), 전압(10~25 atm) 및 산소 분압(1~9 atm)과 같은 반응 변수의 영향을 연구하였다. 높은 전환율에서 고체 생성물인 terephthalic acid의 형성은 매우 낮고 그때 활성점 위에서 고체 생성물의 쌓임으로 인해 촉매가 쉽게 비활성화 되었을지라도, p-toluic acid로는 고려할만한 선택성이 관찰되었다. p-Toluic acid 및 terephthalic acid를 향한 중간 산화 생성물들의 선택성을 기초로 추정된 반응 경로는 균일 Co/Mn 촉매 반응계에서와 비교하여 거의 같다. 이것은 Co-SBA-15 촉매가 균일 촉매적 행동을 하는 불균일 촉매이고 고체 생성물을 생성하지 않는 탄화수소들의 액상 산화반응을 위하여 잘 적용될 수 있을 것임을 시사한다. Active transition metal species (Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, or Cu) supported on a chemically modified SBA015 silica were prepared as heterogeneous catalysts. The heterogeneous liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene on the prepared catalysts was carried out to investigate the possibility of the development of heterogeneous process for easier catalyst separation.The Co species bound on the SBA-15(Co-SBA-15) was found to be the most effective for the oxidation to corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids than the other transition metal species. In addition, the effects of reaction variables such as reaction time(0.5∼9h), reaction temperature (130∼190℃), total pressure (10∼25 atm) and the partial pressure of oxygen (1-9 atm) were studied on the Co-SBA-15 catalyst. At high levels of conversion, the considerable catalytic activities to p-toluic acid were observed, even though formation of terephthalic acid, an solid product, was very low and then the catalyst was easily deactivated due to build--up of solid products on active sites. The proposed reaction network based on the selectivities of intermediate oxidation products for p-toluic and terephthalic acid was similar to that on the homogeneous Co-Mn catalytic reaction system. This indicates that the Co-SBA-15 catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst which can behave like a homogeneous catalyst and may be well applied to the liquid phase oridation of hydrocarbons without formation of solid products.

哮喘의 原因과 治法에 대한 硏究(中醫雜誌를 中心으로)

李春載,辛祖永 한국전통의학연구소 2000 한국전통의학지 Vol.10 No.1

This is the study on causes and remedies of asthma in chinese medical journals(1994-1999). The results were as follows. 1. Asthma is almost caused by phlegm(痰), and related to lung, spleen, and kidney. 2. In view of remedy, curing both superficial and original symptoms is better than curing only superficial symptoms. 3. In treatment, they use controlling(pull down and scatter) functional activity of the lung (肺氣宣降), supporting original vital energy(扶正固本), warming the kidney function and invigorating the spleen(溫腎健痺), promoting the function of Fu(腑) and removing heat from the lung(通腑瀉肺) 4. In view of remedy, they use various methods(f.e. injection, patch etc.) besides taking herb medicine.

HPLC를 사용한 쌀 중 잔류농약 동시분석법

최재천,이영자,김소희,최수영,최희주,정성욱,박흥재,김우성 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.4

A simple and sensitive analytical method based on RP-HPLC with UV detector(225 nm) and mobile phases using 0.1% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile was developed for simultaneous determination of quinclorac, bentazone, 2,4-D, bensulfuron-methyl, dymuron, capropamide, pencycuron, ethofenprox. This method was resulted in recovery of 78~ 96% with RSD 3.3~7.5%. LODs 0.12~0.84 and LOQs 0.34~1.20 ㎎/L. Calibration curves were linear with r of 0.9995~ 0.9999.

가정용청소기의 유해전자파 억제대책에 관한 연구

김재이,고영권,전숙희 東新大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper, various emission patterns of vacuum cleaners were investigated. The typical models of each marker were selected in the study. The frequency and included voltage of EMI(electromagnetic interference) from each vacuum cleaners were measured by using electromagnetic receptor. As the result, we were found that the vertical deflection frequency and induced voltage is about 1~8[㎒] and 6~20[㏈㎶] respectively.

지역사회에서 형성된 사회적 지지와 근로자의 사회심리적 스트레스간의 관련성

임화영,김형수,최영환,장성훈,이건세,정최경희,오원기,최재욱,정춘화 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Objective: This study was performed to examine the relationship between community-based social support and psychosocial distress in workers. Methods: The study subjects were 596 workers recruited from 11 companies in Chungju city. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job characteristics, job stress, work-based social support, community-based social support and level of psychosocial distress. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that workers with no chronic disease, exercise and sufficient sleep had a higher score of psychosocial distress than those with chronic disease, no exercise, and not enough sleep. Coworker's work-based social support and community-based social support were negatively associated with psychosocial distress. The R square value of total independent variables on psychosocial distress was 0.409, and that of community-based social support on psychosocial distress was 0.052. Conclusion: This study showed that community-based social support served as a protective factor against psychosocial distress in some workers. We recommend the establishment of a worksite stress reduction program in occupational level as well as community-based social support.