High-Speed IP Routing Lookups with Fast Updates

Kim, Byung-Yeob,Kim, Kyung-Duk,Choi, Yoon-Hwa Research Institute for Science & Technology, Hong- 2001 Hongik Journal of Science and Technology Vol.5 No.-

Most of the existing IP address lookup schemes emphasize the table lookups with little attention to table updates. Updating the routing table often requires a considerable time overhead, especially for gigabit backbone routers. This paper presents a high-speed lookup scheme with a small bounded update time for IP forwarding engines in IP routers. It performs one IP address lookup per memory access by employing memory access pipelining and updates the table in the time bounded by the IP packet interarrival time on a gigabit link, regardless of the size of the database. The resulting design requires manageably small memories to be implemented using current SRAM technology.

Basic : Clinical features and diagnostic accuarcy of drug induced hepatotoxicity with anti-tuberculous agents (초)

( Kyung Sook Kim ),( Jun Seop Lee ),( Hee Bok Chae ),( Sang Yeob Lee ),( Hye Won Jeong ),( Mi Kyung Kim ) 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3(S)

Disorders Of Gastrointestinal Motility & Sensation : Endoscopic Grading Of Gastroesophageal Flap Valve And Atrophic Gastritis Is Helpful To Predict Gastroesophageal Reflux

( Kyung Yeob Kim ),( Gwang Ha Kim ),( Tae In Ha ),( Hyoung Yoel Park ),( Sun Mi Lee ),( Tae Oh Kim ),( Dae Hwan Kang ),( Geun Am Song ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background Aims: The endoscopic grading of the gastro-esophageal flap valve (GEFV) has been suggested to be a good predictor of the reflux status. Atrophic gastritis is inversely associated with reflux esophagitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between GEFV, atrophic gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux. Methods: A total of 608 patients (252 men and 356 women; mean age 51.1 years) who underwent endoscopy, esophageal manometry, and ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring were included. GEFV was graded I through IV using Hill`s classification; the GEFV was largely classified into 2 groups: the normal GEFV group (grade I and II) and the abnormal GEFV group (grade III and IV). Atrophic gastritis was classified into 2 groups by endoscopic atrophic border; closed-type (C-type) and open-type (O-type). Findings of endoscopy, esophageal manometry, and ambulatory pH monitoring were compared among the groups. Results: The incidence of reflux esophagitis and gastro-esophageal reflux disease was associated with an abnormal GEFV grade and was inversely associated with open-type of atrophic gastritis. The patients with a coexisting abnormal GEFV and closed-type atrophic gastritis showed a significantly higher incidence of reflux esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease than the patients with a coexisting normal GEFV and open-type atrophic gastritis (OR, 20.6 [95% CI, 6.2-68.4], 11.4 [95% CI, 6.3-20.7], respectively). Conclusions: Endoscopic grading of the GEFV and the atrophic gastritis is simple and provides useful information on the status of gastroesophageal reflux.

The Effect of Morphine on REST Expression in Human Neuroblastoma NMB Cells

Do Kyung Kim,Chun Sung Kim,Heung-Joong Kim,Joong-Ki Kook,Seung-Hee Kim,Baek-Hee Lee,Yun-Ho Lee,Shin-Yeob Mo,Horace H. Loh KOREAN ACADAMY OF ORAL BIOLOGY 2010 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.35 No.2

The mu opioid receptor (MOR) has been regarded as the main site of interaction with analgesics in major clinical use, particularly morphine. The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) functions as a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells. However, it is expressed in certain mature neurons, suggesting that it may have complex and novel roles. In addition, the interactions between MOR and REST and their functions remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of morphine on the expression of REST mRNA and protein in human neuroblastoma NMB cells to investigate the roles of REST induced by MOR activation in neuronal cells. To determine the effects of morphine on REST expression, we performed RT-PCR, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blot analysis and radioligand binding assays in NMB cells. By RTPCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR, the expression of REST was found to be unchanged by either the MOR agonist morphine or the MOR specific antagonist CTOP. By western blot, morphine was shown to significantly inhibit the expression of REST, but this suppression was completely blocked by treatment with CTOP. In the radioligand binding assay, the overexpression of REST led to an increased opioid ligand binding activity of endogenous MOR in the NMB cells. These results together suggest that morphine inhibits the expression of REST in human neuroblastoma cells through a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism mediated through MOR.

감염 ; 당뇨병 발생 고위험군에서 체중 변화와 인슐린저항성의 연관성

최경진 ( Kyung Jin Choe ),김원준 ( Won Jun Kim ),신사영 ( Sa Young Shin ),우영민 ( Yeongmin Woo ),이기훈 ( Ki Hun Lee ),김은정 ( Eun Jung Kim ),심명숙 ( Myoung Sook Shim ),김진엽 ( Jin Yeob Kim ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.89 No.6

Background/Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the associations between a change in body weight from 20 years of age to the present with insulin resistance and several parameters of metabolic syndrome in individuals at an increased risk of diabetes. Methods: From patients with a diagnosis related to an increased risk of diabetes who were examined at our endocrinology clinic from January 2012 to December 2014, the present study recruited 125 individuals between 30 and 64 years of age with hemoglobin A1c levels from 5.7 to 6.4%. The change in body weight of each patient from 20 years of age to the present was retrospectively determined, and the associations of this change with insulin resistance and several parameters of metabolic syndrome were analyzed. Results: The average gain in body weight after 20 years of age was 11.3 kg and there was no significance difference between the male and female patients. The proportion of overweight and obese patients at 20 years of age was 14%, but was 74% at the time of the visits to our endocrinology clinic. A change in body weight was significantly correlated with body mass index, insulin resistance, and waist circumference. Additionally, as the tertile of change in body weight increased, fasting insulin levels, insulin resistance, and the prevalence of abdominal obesity significantly increased. Conclusions: In the present study, an increase in body weight from 20 years of age to the present was correlated with insulin resistance and several parameters of metabolic syndrome in individuals at an increased risk of diabetes. (Korean J Med 2015;89:681-689)

시신경척수염이 동반된 쇼그렌증후군

김경한 ( Kyung Han Kim ),박수민 ( Su Min Park ),김보성 ( Bo Sung Kim ),한승희 ( Seung Hee Han ),이상엽 ( Sang Yeob Lee ),정원태 ( Won Tae Chung ),이성원 ( Sung Won Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2013 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease, characterized by optic neuritis and myelitis. NMO is a very uncommon and serious neurologic manifestation of Sjogren`s syndrome. We report on a 32-year-old female with NMO as central nerve system involvement of Sjogren`s syndrome. She had a transverse myelitis ten years ago and did not have symptoms for a long period of time. She visited the emergency center because of worsening weakness of both limbs. She had an appendectomy three days ago before hospitalization. Cervical spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed increased signal intensity in T2-weighted images from the cervical (C2) to the upper thoracic (T4) spinal cord. As serum NMO-IgG was positive, we diagnosed neuromyelitis optica and treated with high dose steroid, but failed. Therefore, we treated with plasmapheresis and the patient was discharged without any neurological deficits.

항림프구 글로불린의 조혈작용 기전에 대한 연구

조경란,김태엽,강준구,홍택원,백상현,정재면,박준성,김동욱,신성준,최찬범,최정혜,안명주,김인순,최일영,김병국,김은실,이영열 한양대학교 의과대학 2002 한양의대 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

배경: 재생불량성빈혈 치료 중 하나인 항림프구 글로블린(ALG)/항흉선세포 글로블린은 조혈세포의 자극에 의한 조혈세포 성장인자의 분비 때문일 것이라는 연구가 최근 보고되고 있어 생체 외에서 ALG의 조혈과정에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 말초혈액 단핵구는 정상인의 말초혈액을 Ficoll-Hypaque에 의해 분리한 후 단구는 2회 연속 부착법으로, T 림프구는 양적혈구를 이용하여 분리하였고 이 순수도는 flow cytometer에 의해 95% 이상임을 확인하였다. 분리된 각 세포는 conditioned medium으로 처리한 후 thymidine uptake test로 세포 증식을 관찰하였고 조혈세포 생체 외 배양은 methylcellulose를 이용한 반고형 배지법을 사용하였다. 결과: 말초혈액 단핵구에 대해 ALG 농도 50μg/mL사이에서 증식을 관찰할 수 있었으며 최대의 효과를 나타낸 농도는 250μg/mL였다. T 림프구 단독 혹은 T 림프구와 단구에서도 ALG 농도 50μg/mL에서 500μg/mL사이에서 효과를 관찰할 수 있었으며 최대효과를 나탸낸 농도는 250μg/mL였다. 그러나 이들 세포군에서는 말초혈액 단핵구보다는 낮은 cpm 값을나타냈고 T 림프구보다는 T+ 단구의 경우에서 더 높은 값을 보여 주었다. 단구만을 대상으로 실험한 경우에서는 모든 ALG 농도에서 세포 내로의 methyltritiated thymidine의 incoporation을 관찰할 수 없었다. ALG-stimulated T lymphocyte-conditioned medium에서는 생체 외 배양에서 얻어진 colony (CFU-GM)가 154개로서 대조군으로 삼은 PHA-LCM의 경우보다 훨씬 많이 형성되었고 ALG-stimulated monocyte-conditioned midium으로 세포배양을 했을 때는 CFU-GM이 64개로 phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leucocyte-conditioned midium의 79개보다는 적지만 12시간 혹은 3일간 세포없이 ALG만으로 배양한 conditionde midium인 12h ALG-M, 3d ALG-M이나 ALG없이 Isocove's modified Dulbecco's medium과 세포만으로 배양한 경우(ALG-0)보다는 많이 관찰되었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 ALG가 정상인에서 면역 자극효과가 있고 혼합배양에서 더 큰 증식효과가 발견되어 둘 사이에 상승효과가 있음을 발견하였다. 생체 외에서 과립구생성(granulopoiesis)을 조절하는 조혈인자의 생성에는 T림프구와 단구의 복잡한 상호작용에 의해 조절되고 항림프구 글로불린으로 자극받은 단구에서 조혈형성인자의 분비됨을 알 수 있었다. 이로서 재생불량성빈혈 환자에서 항림프구 글로블린으로 치료하기 전 생체 외 검사를 시행함으로서 임상 반응을 관찰하는 데 도움이 되리라 생각된다. Background/Aims: Several studies revealed that the antilymphocyte globulin(ALG) / antithymocyte globulin had immunostimulatory effect on hematopoiesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the ALG act on the hematopoiesis. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) was isolated from normal human blood by Ficoll-Hypaque, monocyte from PBMNC by 2 sequential adherence method and T lymphocyte from sheep RBC. Thier purity was all above 95% by flow cytometer. The clones isolated from each cells were cultured in conditioned midium, observed by thymidine uptake test. The cultures of hematopoietic cells, in vitro were obtained using methylcellulose media. Results: The clones of PBMNC, T lymphocyte and monocyte all started to proliferate at ALG conc. 50μg/mL with their peak at ALG conc.250μh/mL. The proliferation was achieved at a greater degree in a T lymphocyte and monocyte mixture than when done separately in ALG conc.250μg/mL. The clones from ALG-stimulated T lymphocyte- conditioned medium or ALG-stimulated monocyte-conditioned medium proliferated more than in a medium without these stimulatory cells. Conclusion: We found that ALG had immunostimulatory effect on hematopoiesis, with its effect potentiated by interaction with T lymphocyte and monocyte, which could be controlled, in vitro.

Inhibitory Effects of Hwao-tang on the Atherosclerosis and the Venous Thrombosis

Mun Yeob Hong,Dall Yeong Choi,Cherl Ho Kim,Beob Jin Kim,Han Geu Kim,Jong Chan Ahan,Soo Kyung Lee,Tae Wook Chung,Won Hwan Park 한의병리학회 2002 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.16 No.2

정신지체 및 자폐스펙트럼장애에서 다양한 치료방법의 사용실태

김경민(Kyung Min Kim),이인철(In Chul Choi),이석범(Seok Bum Lee),이경규(Kyung Kyu Lee),백기청(Ki Chung Paik),이정엽(Jeong Yeob Lee),임명호(Myung Ho Lim) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2014 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.25 No.2

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of various treatment modalities including pharmacotherapy, education-behavior therapy, and complementary alternative treatment for children with mental retardation (MR) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Korea. Methods:The sample consisted of 50 parents who have children with MR (N=28) or ASD (N=22), 38 boys, 12 girls ; mean age 14.06 (4.14) years old. A questionnaire was composed of the experienced modality, duration, cost, satisfaction etc. Results:According to the results, 56.0%, 100.0%, and 36.0% of children with MR or ASD have experienced pharmacological treatment, educational-behavioral therapy and complementary alternative medicine (CAM), respectively. Children who experienced education-behavioral therapy and CAM experienced 3.52 kinds of education-behavioral therapy and 2.78 kinds of CAM, respectively. Monthly cost of pharmacological treatment was lowest among three modality categories. Regarding treatment satisfaction by parental report, the lowest score was recorded fir CAM. Conclusion:Parents who have a child with MR or ASD are trying many treatment modalities and feeling the burden of their treatment.

슬로싱 충격현상 해석을 위한 모형실험과 수치해석 적용에 관한 비교 연구

양경규(Kyung-Kyu Yang),김지응(Jieung Kim),김상엽(Sang-Yeob Kim),김용환(Yonghwan Kim) 한국해양공학회 2015 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

In this study, experimental and numerical methods were applied to observe sloshing impact phenomena. A two-dimensional rectangular tank filled with water and air was considered with a specific excitation condition that induced a hydrodynamic impact without an air pocket at the top corner of the tank. High-speed cameras and a pressure measurement system were synchronized, and a particle image velocimetry(PIV) technique was applied to measure the velocity field and corresponding pressure. The experimental condition was implemented in a numerical computation to solve incompressible two-phase flows using a Cartesian-grid method. The discretized solution was obtained using the finite difference and constraint-interpolation-profile (CIP) methods, which adopt a fractional step scheme for coupling the pressure and velocity. The tangent of the hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) scheme was used with the weighed line interface calculation (WLIC) method to capture the interface between the air and water. The calculated impact pressures and velocity fields were compared with experimental data, and the relationship between the local velocity and pressure was investigated based on the computational results.