아버지의 支配性(dominance)이 子女의 性役割 選好에 미치는 影響

최보가,張允玉,金貞姬 慶北大學校 師範大學 1987 敎育硏究誌 Vol.29 No.-

Sex-role development is one of the essential tasks of child development and a part of one's personality. Many studies have been undertaken to examine the children's sex-role preference and verified the difference between boys and girls. There are many factors that effect on the children's sex-role preference. For example, there is home environment that is included parents, -family structure, home's social level, brothers and sisters' formation and birth-rank,... etc. Also, there is social environment that is included peer, teacher and mass media. But we can expect that preschool children are most effected by parents. Thus the present study was undertaken to examine the influences of father dominance on preschool children's sex-role preference. This study is aimed to find out the follows facts. 1. Degree of father dominance that is perceived by child. 2. To find out father dominance has any influence on the boy's sex-role preference. To find out father dominance has any influence on the boy's sex-role preference under each of four lowranking domains, that is, decision-making, competence, nurture and limit setting. 3. To find out father dominance has any influence on the girl's sex-role preference. To find out father dominance has any influence on the girl's sex-role preference under each of four lowranking domains, that is, decision-making, competence, nurture and limit setting. The dependent measures are 1. Toy Preference Test. 2. Father dominance examination used Father Dominance Test (Henry, B. H.) Subjects were obtained from 100 boys and 100 girls, that they were all preschool children in Daegu. For statistical analysis, Mean, the Standard Deviation, t-test, one way ANOVA and Scheffe's test were used. The levels of significant were established at 0.05 and 0.01. The results were as follows 1. Generally, both boys and girls have perceived father dominant more than mother. In case of boys, they perceived father dominant more than mother in domains of decision-making and competence. In case of girls, they perceived father dominant more than mother in domains of decision-making, competence and nurture. 2. Father dominance perceived by young children had effects on boy's sex-role preference. In general, the higher father dominance was, the higher boy's masculinity was. In domains of decision-making, competence and nurture, father dominance have significant influences to boy's sex-role preference, but in domain of limit-setting, father dominance have no significant influence. 3. Father dominance perceived by young children had effects on girl's sex-role preference. In general, the higher father dominance was, the higher girl's feminity was. In domains of decision-making and limit-setting, father dominance have significant influences to girl's sex-role preference, but in domains of nurture and competence, father dominance have no significant influence on the girl's sex-role preference.

住居環境과 兒童의 交友關係

金重姬,柳嘉孝 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1987 科學論集 Vol.13 No.-

本 硏究는 住居環境이 兒童의 交友관계에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는가를 알아보기 위해, 兒童이 처한 住居環境과 社會經濟的지 地位가 兒童의 心理的 住居評價에 독립적인 영향을 미칠것인가? 또 兒童의 住居環境, 社會經濟的 地位, 心理的 住居評價가 交友관계에 독립적 영향을 미칠것인가? 라는 2가지 연구문제를 설정하였다. 이상의 연구문제를 규명하기 위해 선행연구를 참고로 하여 心理的 住居評價와 交友관계, 주거환경에 관한 설문지를 작성하였다. 대구시에 거주하고 있는 6학년 아동 398명에 대해 조사를 실시하였고, 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, 상관관계, 중다회귀분석의 통계처리 方法으로 자료를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 아동의 心理的 住居評價에 독립적인 영향을 주는 변인은 住居環境變因으로 설정한 7가지 중에서 거주밀도, 집근처 놀이 장소수, 주거소유상태, 어린이방의 공동사용인수, 주거형태, 이사횟수의 6가지로 나타났고, 社會經濟的 地位도 心理的 住居評價에 독립적으로 유의한 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또 住居環境變因중에서 집근처 놀이 장소수가 상대적 기여도가 가장 높아 어린이들이 놀이를 할 수 있는 환경을 얼마나 필요로 하는지 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 아동의 交友관계에 독립적으로 영향을 주는 變因은 住居環境變因중에서 집근처 친구수와 주거소유상태로 나타났다. 또 社會經濟的 地位는 아동의 교우관계에 독립적인 영향을 주지 않으며, 心理的 住居評價가 독립적인 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과에서 다음과 같은 점을 생각할 수 있다. 첫째, 대부분의 住居環境變因이 心理的 住居評價에 영향을 주고 있으나, 가장 많은 영향을 주는 것이 집근처 놀이 장소수였고, 交友관계와 가장 큰 관련이 있는 變因은 집근처 친구수였다. 이것을 보면, 주택자체의 조건 못지 않게, 집근처 놀이 장소수나 친구수같은 근린환경이 중요함을 알 수 있다. 즉 근린환경이 兒童의 住居에 대한 評價에 영향을 주며, 친구와 상호접근이 용이한 것이 交友관계가 좋은 것과 관계가 있다는 것이다. 따라서 주택자체의 여건과 아울러 근린환경과 근린인간관계를 배려하는 것이 兒童의 發達을 위해 바람직하다. 또 둘째로, 설정된 변인 중에서 交友관계에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것이 心理的 住居評價로 나타났다. 이것으로, 주거환경조건 그 자체보다도, 兒童 個個人이 자신의 住居환을 어떻게 받아들이고 있는가 하는 것이 큰 의미가 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 主觀的 환경은, 비슷한 주거환경 속에서도 아동에 대한 약간의 배려로 달라질 수 있는 것이다. 그러므로 아동의 發達수준과 요구에 맞추어 주거환경을 제공하려는 노력이 요구되어진다. 끝으로 본 연구는 대상이 대구지역으로 한정되었으며, 心理的 住居評價와 交友관게 尺度가 표준화된 것이 아니라는 점에 한계를 지니고 있다. 그리고 주거환경변인의 측정도 아동의 主觀的 評價에 의거하였으므로 신빙성이 높지 못하다. 앞으로 보다 정교화된 尺度개발로 심층적인 연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다. This study was designated to evaluate the influence of the residential environment how to affect on establishing the peer relations of children. The projects listed below were plotted to identify the influencing factors. (Project 1) Do the residential environment variables and socio-economic status affect independently on the formation of the emotional estimation for the residential environment ? And what is the degree of those influences ? (Project 2) Do the residential environment variables, socio-economic status and the emotional estimation for the residential environment affect independently on the formation of the peer relations among children ? And what is the degree of those influences ? Based on the preliminary data, the questionnaires about the emotional estimation for the residential environment, the peer relations and the residential environment were prepared. A group of 398 children who were attending 6th grade of primary school was subjected for the study. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation and multiple regression analysis by SPSS were used for data analysis. The major findings are as follows: 1) Six of the seven items of the residential environment variables were found to affect the children's emotional estimation for the residential environments. These were crowdiness of residence, numbers of nearby play-ground, ownership of house, numbers of room mate, types of house, and frequency of moving home. The socio-economic status also found to affect significantly the emotional estimation for the residential environment. The most contributive factor was numbers of nearby-play ground. 2) The residential environment variables which influenced to the formation of peer relations were numbers of friends nearby his home and ownership of house. The socio-economic status was not found to influence independently to the children's peer relations, but the emotional estimation for the residential environment affect significantly to the formation of children's peer relations. Among all the suggested variables, the most potent influencing one is the emotional estimation for the residential environment.

효율적인 군 전직지원체제 정립 방안

정철영,고재관,황원채,윤희철,박가열,김재호,이성식,김동승,표성일,이건남,양안나,최수정,김은석 한국직업능력개발원 2008 직업능력개발연구 Vol.11 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 제대군인에 대한 효율적인 전직지원을 위해서 현행 전직지원 프로세스에 대한 개선 안과 이에 따른 국방부, 국가보훈처 등 제대군인 전직지원관련 기관 간의 역할분담 및 연계방안에 대해서 제안하는 것이다. 연구는 크게 세 가지 과정을 거쳤다. 첫째, 국내 군 전직지원 실태를 분석하여 문제점과 시사점을 도출하였다. 둘째, 이러한 문제점과 시사점, 군 전직지원 선행연구를 종합하여 효율적인 군 전직지원 프로세스 안을 제시하였다. 셋째, 구축한 군 전직지원 프로세스 안에 따라 주요 군 전직지원 관련 기관인 국방부, 국가보훈처의 역할 분담 안을 제안하였다. This study aims to suggest an improvement plan for the support process of effective occupation change for discharged soldiers and then role assignments among related institutions for supporting discharged soldiers such as Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Labor and the cooperation plan among the institutions. The study was made in three steps. First, after analyzing currents support facts and status for discharged soldiers, it induced its problems and implications. Second, integrating the findings of previous studies related to support plan on occupation changes for the discharged soldiers, Problems and implications mentioned above, it constructed effective occupation change process for discharged soldiers. Then, according to the established process, it suggested role assignments such as Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, Ministry of Labor.

Agminated acquired melanocytic nevus on face: a case report

( Ga Hee Jung ),( Sul Hee Lee ),( Bum Joon Ko ),( Moon Kyun Cho ),( Sang Hoon Lee ),( Sung Yul Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Agminated melanocytic nevi is a rare disorder characterized by grouped melanocytic lesion on a localized area of the body. Herein, we describe an acquired case ofmultiple clusters of agminated melanocytic nevi on face. A 19-year-old man who presented with multiple papules on right Cheek visited our department. Physical examination revealed multiple tiny black colored papules on right cheek. The lesions were noted by the patient 10-year earlier. And at the first time, there were one or two papules but they progress to multiple papules. Histopathological evaluation of the papule revealed the characteristic of compound nevus. It was interesting for the authors to observe multiple tiny black nevus on only right cheek.

A case of palmoplantar keratoderma-congenital alopecia syndrome

( Ga Hee Jung ),( Kyung O Kim ),( Bum Joon Ko ),( Kyu Uang Whang ),( Sang Hoon Lee ),( Sung Yul Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Palmoplantar keratoderma may concur with congenital alopecia in various genodermatoses. And all of them can be differentiated on the basis of specific additional manifestations. Stevanovic first described a four-generation family segregating for a syndrome of hypotrichosis and palmoplantar keratoderma. Since then this condition was described in few families in the world. We report on a 15-year-old boy with congenital alopecia and a mild form of palmoplantar keratoderma. Nonspecific additional findings were not founded. We thought this is the first case report about palmopaltar keratoderma-congenital alopecia syndrome in Korea.

Permanent Makeup Removal from Murine Skin Using 1,064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser and 694-nm Q-switched Ruby Laser: Comparing the Degree of Removal Following Irradiation at Different Time Points after Application

( Ga Hee Jung ),( Hyun Jo Kim ),( Jung Eun Kim ),( Jong Suk Lee ),( Young Lip Park ),( Kyu Uang Whang ),( Sung Yul Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회지 Vol.55 No.10

Background: Q-switched lasers have made it possible to remove tattoos without leaving unsightly scars. Objective: Tobdetermine the optimal time for permanent makeup removal using Q-switched Nd:YAG and ruby lasers, we compared the degree of removal and associated histological changes following irradiation at different time points. Methods: Using black ink and a permanent makeup machine, we performed 108 separate permanent makeup applications on rat skin. The 1,064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNDL) and 694-nm Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL) were used to irradiate the permanent makeup on the day of its application and also 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days later. We assessed changes in pigmentation over time at each irradiated site using Mexameter^ⓡ measurements and skin biopsies. Results: The Mexameter^ⓡ analysis demonstrated no significant differences in pigment removal among irradiations with QSNDL or QSRL on the day of permanent makeup application or at 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days later. Histological analysis demonstrated that permanent makeup pigment migrated from the epidermis to the superficial and mid dermis over time. QSNDL more effectively removed pigment throughout the epidermis and dermis compared to QSRL. Conclusion: For maximum pigment removal efficacy, the melanin index results suggest that laser treatment should be performed on the day permanent makeup is applied. However, from the histological perspective, permanent makeup should be removed approximately 1 week later, at which point the crusts have peeled off and the wound repair process is almost complete. In this study, histological analysis suggested the superiority of treatment with QSNDL to that with QSRL. (Korean J Dermatol 2017;55(10):657∼663)

Celecoxib and Paclitaxel Synergistically Induce Apoptosis in the Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line OVCAR-3

( Hee Jung Kim ),( Ga Won Yim ),( Myeong Hwa Kang ),( Hee Jin Nam ),( Young Tae Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-

Celecoxib, a highly seletive cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor, regulates apoptosis of several human cancer cell types. The aim of this study was to investigate whether celecoxib, or in combination with paclitaxel, modulates apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells and to identify the signal pathway by which celecoxib mediates apoptosis. OVCAR-3 cells were exposed to paclitaxel (20 μM) in the absence or presence of celecoxib (10 μM). Cell viability was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Apoptosis was examined by Annexin-V/7-AAD staining and cellular DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Caspase-3 was evaluated using the Caspase-3/CPP32 Colorimetric Assay kit. Caspase-9 and cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) were determined by western blotting. Expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was assessed using Trans AM kits and immunofluorescence. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Akt activation were studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Celecoxib enhanced paclitaxel-induced growth inhibition of OVCAR-3 cells. Celecoxib significantly increased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of OVCAR-3 cells. Pretreatment with celecoxib also increased activation of caspase-9, -3 and cleaved PARP following paclitaxel-treatment. Exposure of OVCAR-3 cells to celecoxib in combination with paclitaxel resulted in downregulation of NF-κB activation and VEGF expression. Furthermore, combining celecoxib and paclitaxel inhibited phosphorylation of Akt. Our data indicate that OVCAR-3 cells were sensitized to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by celecoxib through downregulation of NF-κB and Akt activation, suggesting that celecoxib may be associated with anticancer effects of paclitaxel by their synergistic role in inhibiting different targets. Combining celecoxib with paclitaxel may provide advantage in the clinic for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Long-term Outcomes and Factors Affecting the Survival of Patients with Mucosal Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

( Ga Hee Kim ),( Hee Kyong Na ),( Ji Yong Ahn ),( Jeong Hoon Lee ),( Kee Wook Jung ),( Do Hoon Kim ),( Hyeong Ryul Kim ),( Kee Don Choi ),( Ho June Song ),( Yong-hee Kim ),( Gin Hyug Lee ),( Hwoon-yon 대한소화기학회 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.5

Background/Aims: Data regarding the prognosis of early esophageal cancer are lacking. This study investigated the long-term outcomes and factors affecting the survival of patients with mucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (T1aESCC). Methods: We analyzed the clinical and tumor-specific parameters of 263 patients who received surgical resection (SR; n=63) or endoscopic resection (ER; n=200) for T1aESCC. Underlying comorbidities were scored using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Overall survival (OS) was the primary outcome, and multivariate regression analysis was performed to predict factors for OS. Results: Of the study patients (age, 64.5±8.0 years), the CCI was 1.0±1.4 in the ER group and 0.6±0.9 in the SR group (p=0.107). The 5-year OS rate during follow-up (54.4±20.4 months) was 85.7% (ER group, 86.8%; SR group, 82.4%; p=0.631). The cumulative 5-year incidence of esophageal cancer recurrence was 10.5% in the ER group (vs 0% in the SR group). The overall mortality rate was 12.9% (ER group, 12.0%; SR group, 15.9%; p=0.399). The most common cause of mortality was second primary cancers in the ER group (75%) and organ dysfunction or postoperative complications in the SR group (70%). According to multivariate analysis, only CCI was significantly associated with OS (p< 0.001). The 5-year OS rate in patients with a CCI >2 and in those with a CCI ≤2 was 60.2% and 88.2%, respectively (p<0.001). The treatment method (ER vs SR) was not a significant affecting factor (p=0.238). Conclusions: The long-term prognosis of patients with T1aESCC was significantly associated with underlying comorbidities. (Gut Liver 2021;15:705-712)

High-performance Ce-substituted Nd-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets produced by dual alloy method

Ga-Yeong Kim,Tae-Hoon Kim,Hee-Ryoung Cha,Yang-Do Kim,Jung-Goo Lee 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.2

Nd-Fe-B magnets have been used for the traction motor of hybrid or electric vehicles due to its excellent magnetic properties. With increasing demand on Nd-Fe-B magnets, the shortage of Nd resource is becoming more serious. Ce and La is the most abundant rare earth elements and constitute more than 70% of the total rare earth element, and the price of Ce is about 10 times lower than Nd. Hence, from both industrial and academic viewpoints, it is a technologically important to develop high-performance Ce or La substituted Nd-Fe-B magnets. However, the magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B magnets could be drastically deteriorated after replacing Nd with Ce and La due to inferior intrinsic magnetic properties of Ce₂Fe14B (4πMs = 11.7 kG, Ha = 26 kOe) and La₂Fe14B (4πMs = 13.8 kG, Ha = 20 kOe) compared to Nd₂Fe14B (4πMs = 16 kG, Ha = 73 kOe). Despite of the inferior intrinsic magnetic properties of Ce₂Fe14B and La₂Fe14B to Nd₂Fe14B, it is reported that deterioration of magnetic properties due to Ce and La substitution could be largely suppressed by constructing a multi-main-phase (MMP) structure in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets. RE elements are inhomogeneously distributed within a 2:14:1 grains when sintering a mixture of Ce, La-free and Ce, La-containing RE₂Fe14B powders. Compared to single-main-phase (SMP) magnets, where Ce and La is homogeneously substituted Nd in the 2:14:1 phase, MMP magnets show much better magnetic performance. In this study, effect of dual-phase of Nd-Ce-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets using melt-spun powder was investigated. Initial ribbons with the nominal compositions of Nd13.6FebalB5.6Ga0.6Co6.6 and (Nd0.6Ce0.4)13.6FebalB5.6Ga0.6Co6.6 were prepared by a single-roller melt-spinning technique and then pulverized into powders. By tuning the mass ratios of the Ce-free and Ce-containing powder, Ce-containing magnets with 0-30 wt.% (named as ND, CE0.2 and CE0.3, respectively) Ce content were prepared by dual alloy method. The melt-spun powders were then hot-pressed and subsequently die-upsetted. In our previous study, the remanence and coercivity gradually decreased with increasing Ce content. This dependence of magnetic properties on Ce content could be ascribed to the magnetic dilution effect that Ce substitution for Nd in the 2:14:1 phase decreased the intrinsic magnetic properties. However, dual-phase hot-deformed magnets shows higher magnetic properties than single-phase hot-deformed magnets at the same composition. From SEM observation, it was confirmed that the Ce-free and Ce-containing area is quite different, the crystallographic alignment of Ce-containing area is inferior to that of Ce-free area. After annealing at 973 K, the composition of the flake interface changes due to interdiffusion during the annealing process. In sintered magnet, it has been reported that the peculiar chemical heterogeneity of dual-phase magnet is that the short-range exchange coupling and long-range magnetostatic interaction can induce higher remanence and coercivity simultaneously than those of single-phase magnets with the same composition. In this study as well, it is thought that the coercivity and remanence were improved due to the interdiffusion of elements between the flake interface by annealing. Compared to the Nd-Fe-B magnet (4πMr = 13.1 kG, Hc = 17.3 kOe), with CE0.3, Hc decreases drastically to 15.6 kOe, accompanied with significant falls in 4πMr to 11.5 kG. In contrast, for the dual-phase magnet with CE0.3, Hc reaches 16.74 kOe and 4πMr is 12.1kG, which are 7.3% and 9.2% higher than those of single-phase magnet, respectively. Based upon these results, effect of interdiffusion conditions of ma

Increased Prevalence of Left-sided Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

( Jung Eun Kim ),( Ga Hee Jung ),( Jong Suk Lee ),( Young Lip Park ),( Kyu Uang Whang ),( Eun Young Lee ),( Jae Gun Sunwoo ),( Hyun Jung Kim ),( Sung Yul Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회지 Vol.55 No.6

Background: Based on trends demonstrated in the United States, a very insignificant number of people have shown a predisposition to left-sided skin cancer. However, to date, no systematic review or meta-analysis has demonstrated the predominance of left-sided skin cancers over right- sided skin malignancies. Objective: We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed all data pertaining to locations of skin cancers. Methods: All data were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method (random-effects weighting); an inverse variance model featuring fixed-effects weighting was applied to explore the robustness of modeling. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test. Dichotomous outcomes with respect to the prevalence of left- and right-sided skin cancers are presented as relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Nine studies were included in our evaluation. Our study sample included: 182,840 patients with malignant melanoma (MM), 1,419 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 331 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Meta-analyses of pooled observational data revealed greater prevalence of left-sided MM compared to right-sided MM (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89∼0.92, p<0.01), while left-sided SCC was more prevalent than right-sided SCC (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71∼0.97, p=0.02). However, right-sided BCC was more prevalent than left-sided BCC (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.95∼1.19, p=0.26). Conclusion: Observational studies vary greatly in terms of design, methodological quality, and types of patients studied. Of note, only a few studies analyzing BCC and SCC were included in our present meta-analysis. Additionally, a selection and reporting bias could have affected our results. Our meta-analysis suggests that both MM and SCC demonstrate a left-side bias, but BCC does not. (Korean J Dermatol 2017;55(6):337∼345)