부모의 애착유형 결합형태가 아동의 자아존중감과 대인관계에 미치는 영향

김미선,김영희 한국가족관계학회 2019 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderate effect of self-esteem on the relationship between parent attachment style and the interpersonal relationships among children. Method: Subjects of this study were 817 elementary school students. Results: As for the combined parental attachment type, stable attachment to father-stable attachment to mother recorded the highest percentage, followed by unstable attachment to father-unstable attachment to mother, stable attachment to father-unstable attachment to mother, and unstable attachment to father-stable attachment to mother. Children’s interpersonal relationships with friends and teachers were the most positive when their combined parental attachment type was stable attachment to father-stable attachment to mother, but were the least when their combined parents attachment type was unstable attachment to father-unstable attachment to mother. In addition, there were the interaction effects of combined parental attachment type and self-esteem on interpersonal relationship in children, main effect and interaction effect were found in combined parental attachment type and self-esteem. Compared to the group with lower self-esteem, the group with higher self-esteem showed higher level of relationships with friends and teachers, and this difference between groups was more prominent in children with combined parental attachment type shown as unstable attachment to father-stable attachment to mother. Conclusions: The results of this study implied the significance of stable attachment to parents for children’s positive interpersonal relationship as well as children's self-esteem to moderate the negative influence of unstable attachment to parents. 본 연구는 부모와의 애착유형을 안정형과 불안정형으로 분류하고, 결합하여 자아존중감에 따라 부모와의 애착유형 결합형태가 아동의 대인관계에 미치는 영향을 살펴보아 아동의 대인관계의 질을 증진시키는 방안을 탐색해 보고, 학교교육 프로그램이나 부모교육 프로그램 개발 및 아동․가족상담 현장에 실질적으로 필요한 기초자료를 제시하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구는 C시에 소재한 6개의 초등학교 5학년, 6학년에 다니는 학생 817명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모와의 애착유형은 아버지의 경우 안정형(58%)이 불안정형(42%)보다 많이 나타났으며, 어머니 또한 안정형(64.3%), 불안정형(35.7%) 순으로 나타났다. 즉, 아버지와 어머니 모두 안정형이 많은 분포를 보였다. 부모의 애착유형 결합 형태는 부 안정형- 모안정형이 가장 높았고, 부 불안정형- 모 불안정형, 부 안정형-모 불안정형, 부 불안정형-모 안정형 순으로 나타났다. 또한 자아존중감이 높은 집단은 53.7%로 나타났고, 낮은 집단은 46.3%로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모와의 애착유형 결합형태가 부 안정형-모 안정형인 경우 대인관계인 친구관계와 교사관계가 긍정적으로 나타났고, 부 불안정형-모 불안정형일 때는 친구관계와 교사관계가 가장 낮게 나타나 부모의 애착유형 결합 형태에 따라 아동의 대인관계에 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 셋째, 부모와의 애착유형 결합 형태와 자아존중감이 아동의 대인관계에 미치는 상호작용 효과를 살펴 본 결과, 부모와의 애착유형과 자아존중감의 주 효과와 상호작용 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 자아존중감이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해서 친구관계와 교사관계 수준이 높은데, 이 두 집단의 차이는 부 불안정형-모 안정형에서 훨씬 두드러지게 나타났다. 부 불안정형-모 안정형의 애착유형에서 자아존중감이 높은 아동들은 친구관계가 높게 나타났고, 자아존중감이 낮은 아동들은 친구관계가 낮게 나타났다. 반면 자아존중감이 높은 아동들은 교사관계가 낮게 나타났고, 자아존중감이 낮은 아동들은 교사관계가 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과, 자아존중감이 높은 집단은 부 안정형-모 안정형에서 친구, 교사관계가 높게 나타났고, 부 불안정형-모 불안정형에서는 친구, 교사관계가 낮게 나타났다. 부 불안정형-모 안정형에서는 자아존중감이 높은 아동이 낮은 아동에 비해 친구관계가 명확하게 높게 나타났다. 반면 교사관계에서는 자아존중감이 높은 아동이 낮은 아동에 비해 교사관계가 더 낮게 나타났다. 이는 부모와의 애착유형이 아동의 대인관계에 미치는 영향이 자아존중감이 높고 낮음에 따라 차이가 있기 때문에 아동들의 원만한 대인관계를 위해 자아존중감 향상을 위한 교육 프로그램을 실시하고 상담기관 등에서는 특히 부모와의 갈등이나 대인관계 부적응을 겪고 있는 학생들을 위한 개별 및 집단 상담을 통한 상담적 개입이 이루어져야 할 필요성을 시사해 준다.

여대생/부모 애착이 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향 : 스트레스 대처방식을 매개로

유보희, 송현주 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 2018 심리치료: 다학제적 접근 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether mediating effects of active stress coping on the post-traumatic growth of female college students. The effect of parent attachment on post - traumatic growth was investigated in relation to attachment between parents. In addition, we compared the effects of parental attachment perceived by female college students and parental perceived Attachment to daughters on post - traumatic growth in the parent - daughters pairs group. the result of the stepwise regression analysis of the daughter group is as follows. Active coping, passive coping, and attachment to the father influenced post - traumatic growth of female college students. However, the mediating effects of active coping were significant in the effects of attachment to the father and attachment to the mother after trauma. On the other hand, attachment to mothers perceived by female college students had a significant effect on post - traumatic growth of children through passive coping strategies. In the parent - daughter pair group, the attachment of father to the female college students had a significant effect on post - traumatic growth through active coping. It is meaningful that This study found that Attachment to mother that daughter perceives affects the post - traumatic growth through the passive coping method. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether mediating effects of active stress coping on the post-traumatic growth of female college students. The effect of parent attachment on post - traumatic growth was investigated in relation to attachment between parents. In addition, we compared the effects of parental attachment perceived by female college students and parental perceived Attachment to daughters on post - traumatic growth in the parent - daughters pairs group. the result of the stepwise regression analysis of the daughter group is as follows. Active coping, passive coping, and attachment to the father influenced post - traumatic growth of female college students. However, the mediating effects of active coping were significant in the effects of attachment to the father and attachment to the mother after trauma. On the other hand, attachment to mothers perceived by female college students had a significant effect on post - traumatic growth of children through passive coping strategies. In the parent - daughter pair group, the attachment of father to the female college students had a significant effect on post - traumatic growth through active coping. It is meaningful that This study found that Attachment to mother that daughter perceives affects the post - traumatic growth through the passive coping method.

청소년이 지각한 부모의 양육태도, 또래애착 및 학교생활적응의 종단적 구조관계

김영숙(Kim, Young-Suk),조한익(Cho, Han-Ik) 한국교육심리학회 2017 敎育心理硏究 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 청소년이 지각한 부모의 양육태도, 또래애착 및 학교생활적응의 종단적 구조관계를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 한국청소년정책연구소(NYPI)에서 실시한 한국아동·청소년패널조사의 중1패널 2272명으로 부모의 애정적 양육태도, 거부적 양육태도, 학교생활적응은 3∼6차년도 자료를, 또래애착은 3, 5, 6차년도의 자료를 활용하였다. 연구결과 다변량 잠재성장모형에서 애정적 양육태도 초기값은 또래애착과 학교생활적응 초기값에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 거부적 양육태도의 초기값은 또래애착의 초기값에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또래애착 초기값은 학교생활적응 초기값에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 애정적 양육태도의 선형변화율은 학교생활적응의 선형변화율에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 애정적 양육태도의 초기값은 또래애착의 초기값을 매개로 하여 학교생활적응의 초기값에 정적인 영향을 미치고 있었으나 거부적 양육태도의 초기값은 또래애착의 초기값을 매개로 하여 학교생활적응 초기값에 부적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 성별에 따른 차이를 살펴본 결과 애정적 양육태도의 초기값이 학교생활적응 초기값에 미치는 영향, 애정적 양육태도의 선형변화율이 학교생활적응 선형변화율에 미치는 영향, 거부적 양육태도의 초기값이 또래애착의 초기값에 미치는 영향, 거부적 양육태도의 선형변화율과 이차변화율이 학교생활적응의 선형변화율에 미치는 영향, 거부적 양육태도의 이차변화율이 또래애착의 선형변화율에 미치는 영향, 또래애착의 초기값이 학교생활적응 초기값과 선형변화율에 미치는 영향, 또래애착의 선형변화율이 학교생활적응의 선형변화율에 미치는 영향에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로하여 선행연구와의 관련성, 교육적 의의, 연구의 제한점 등을 제시하였다. The purpose of the study was to analyze the longitudinal relationships among parental attitude toward rearing, peer attachment, and school adjustment perceived by adolescents. The subjects were 2272 of the middle school first graders conducted by the Korea Children & Youth Panel Survey. Parental attitude toward rearing and school adjustment were from the third to sixth year data, and peer attachment were the third, fifth, and sixth year data. The instruments used in the study were parental affectionate and rejective attitude toward rearing, peer attachment, and school adjustment. In the multivariate latent growth modeling, the initial values of parental affectionate and rejective attitude effected on the initial values of peer attachment. The initial values of parental affectionate attitude was found to have an effect on the initial values of school adjustment, and the linear rate of change in parental affectionate attitude was found to have an effect on the linear rate of change in school adjustment. The initial value of peer attachment had an significant effect on the initial value of school adjustment. In the analysis of mediation effects, the initial values of parental affectionate attitude positively influenced on the initial value of school adjustment by the mediation of the initial values of peer attachment, however, the initial values of parental rejective attitude negatively effected on the initial value of school adjustment through initial values of peer attachment. According to gender, there had differences on the paths from the initial values of parental affectionate attitude to the initial values of school adjustment, from the linear rate of change in parental affectionate attitude to the linear rate of change in peer attachment, from the initial values of parental rejective attitude to the initial values of peer attachment, and from the quadratic rate of change in parental rejective attitude to the linear rate of change in peer attachment. Based on the results of the study, implications derived from the results, limitations of this study, and suggestions for the following studies were presented.

초등학생이 지각한 부모의 진로관련행동과 진로성숙과의 관계에서 부모애착의 조절효과

윤지영,공윤정 한국초등상담교육학회 2021 초등상담연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 초등학생이 지각하는 부모의 진로관련행동(지지, 간섭, 관여부족), 진로성숙, 부모 애착 간의 상관관계를 밝히고, 부모의 진로관련행동과 진로성숙과의 관계에서 부모애착의 조 절효과가 있는지 탐색하였다. 연구 대상은 경기 지역의 초등학교 5․6학년 아동 327명이었다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 상관분석 결과 아동이 지각한 부모의 진로관련행동 중 지지는 진로성숙과 부모애착 모두에서 유의미한 정적 상관을, 관여부족은 모두에서 유의미한 부적 상관을 나타냈다. 다만, 부모의 간섭행동은 진로성숙과는 유의미한 상관이 없는 것으로 나타 났으나, 부모애착과의 관계에서는 유의미한 부적 상관을 보였다. 아동이 지각한 부모애착은 진로성숙과 유의미한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모의 진로관련행동의 하위 요인과 진로성숙의 관계에서 부모애착이 조절효과를 모두 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연 구를 통해, 초등학교 아동의 진로성숙에 부모의 진로관련행동과 부모애착이 영향을 미치는 것은 확인할 수 있었으나, 부모의 진로관련행동과 진로성숙과의 관계에서 부모애착은 조절효 과를 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 논의와 후속 연구에 대한 제언이 이루어졌다. This study aims to identify the correlation between parental career-related behavior (support, interference, and lack of involvement), career maturity, and parental attachment perceived by elementary school students and examine the moderating effect of parental attachment on the relationship between parental career-related behavior and career maturity. This study was conducted in 327 students –5th and 6th graders at the elementary school in Gyeonggi province. As a result of study, first, according to correlation analysis, it was found that support one of parental career-related behaviors perceived by children had a significant positive correlation with both career maturity and parental attachment, and lack of involvement had a significant negative correlation with both career maturity and parental attachment. Merely parental interference behavior did not have a significant correlation with career maturity, but showed a significant negative correlation with parental attachment. Parental attachment perceived by children had a significant positive correlation with career maturity. Second, parental attachment did not have a moderating effect in the relationship between subfactors of parental career-related behavior and career maturity. This study found that elementary school student’s career maturity was influenced by parental career-related behavior and parental attachment, but parental attachment did not have a moderating effect in the relationship between parental career-related behavior and career maturity. Based on these findings, discussion and further studies were suggested.

애착증진 부모교육 집단상담이 성인애착, 자아존중감 및 모-자녀 상호작용에 미치는 효과

서은주,이현림 한국인간발달학회 2011 人間發達硏究 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of attachment improvement parent-education group counseling on mothers' adult attachment, their self esteem, and parent-child interaction. The research hypotheses were first, 1) The experimental group which participated in attachment improvement parent-education group counseling would have more stable adult attachments than that of the control group. 2) The experimental group which participated in group attachment improvement parent-education group counseling would improve their self esteem more than the control group. 3) The experimental group which participated in attachment improvement parent-education group counseling would make a more positive change in terms of their mother-child interaction than the control group. The subjects were 20 mothers from two elementary schools in D city, Korea, with 10 mothers each in the experimental and control groups. 12 sessions of the attachment improvement parent-education group counseling were carried out for the experimental group for 120 minutes per session. To comparing in the differences on the mothers' adult attachment, self esteem, and parent-child interactions between the two groups, the data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance. The results of the study were first, 1) The experimental group which participated in attachment improvement parent-education group counseling showed meaningfully lower attachment levels than that of the control group. 2) The experimental group which participated in attachment improvement parent-education group counseling showed meaningfully higher levels of self-esteem than that of the control group. 3) The experimental which participated in attachment improvement parent-education group counseling showed meaningfully higher levels of mother-child interaction than that of the control group. Therefore, attachment improvement parent-education group counseling was effective in improving the participants' adult attachment, self-esteem and parent-child interaction levels.

애착육아와 청각언어인지 재활

유희순,김진숙 한국청각언어재활학회 2018 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.14 No.1

This study was aimed to review the history and definition of attachment parenting and to identify the types and merits of it and attachment plays based on attachment parenting. The early rehabilitation is essential to infants and toddlers with a congenital hearing loss for auditory and language development. Attachment parenting refers to close ties between parent and child based on skinship and emotional exchange. There are four different types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, and insecure-disorganized. Among them, secure attachment is the optimal type through which an infant could learn to trust mother and maintain emotional stability even when the mother was absent. In Korea, the use ondol and podaegi, which can create attachment naturally had been used traditionally. Further Dandongsibhoon, a traditional play, is in accordance with the definition of attachment parenting. Therefore, Korean method of child rearing is proper for attachment parenting. It was known that attachment parenting enhanced self-esteem, increased independence, promoted social skills, and facilitated brain and language development, so that it could be used as a method of rehabilitation related to the development of auditory, language, and cognitive abilities. Recently developed the Korean Aural Rehabilitation for Infants integrated many attachment parenting means and sought to raise the efficacy of early rehabilitation. Conclusively, we hope that early rehabilitation applying attachment parenting services in Korea could be expanded so that even infants and toddlers with congenital hearing loss would grow up without having to go through many hearing-impairment problems.

대학생의 부모에 대한 애착과 부모됨의 동기 및 부모역할인식에 관한 연구

정옥분,임정하,정순화,박연정,김경은 한국인간발달학회 2008 人間發達硏究 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in university student's motives for future parenthood and the perception of parent roles according to gender and to examine the relationships between and among the issues of attachment to parents in childhood, motives for parenthood and the perceptions of parental roles. A scale measuring the perceptions of parenting/caregiving styles (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), motivations for parenthood (You & Chung, 2002), and perceptions of parental role responsibilities (Gilbert & Harris, 1983) was administered to 432 university students around the capital city. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's α tests, means, standard deviations, One-way MANOVAs, Multiple Discriminant Analyses, Pearson's Correlations, and Canonical Correlation Analyses. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There were significant differences by gender in motives for parenthood and the perceptions of parental roles. Male university students exhibited higher ‘traditional motives for parenthood’ than female university students. Female university students placed greater importance on 'providing for the physical environment' and ‘promoting children's cognitive development’ in parental roles than male university students. 2. The university student's attachment levels to their parents were presumably associated with motives for parenthood and the perceptions of parental roles. Secure attachment to mothers, avoidant attachment to mothers, secure attachment to fathers, and avoidant attachment to fathers were powerful predictors of university student's motives for parenthood and their perceptions of parental roles. University students who remembered their parents as being warm had stronger motivations to become parents themselves and had positive perceptions of parental roles. On the other hand, those who perceived their parents as having been cold and rejecting in their childhood had weaker motivations to become parents themselves and had lower perceptions of parental roles such as ‘healing emotions’ and ‘teaching norms and social values’.

애착이 양육태도에 미치는 영향 : 자존감의 매개역할을 중심으로

김순영,김환 한국여성심리학회 2013 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.18 No.3

This study examined the effects of attachment ability and self-esteem on hostile parenting attitude and repressive parenting attitude. 461 online university students who were at parents status and took counseling psychology class participated this study and filled out Adult Attachment Scale(AAS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES), Maternal Behavior Research Instrument(MBRI) and Repressive attitude subscale of Parental Meta-Emotion Scale(PMES). ANOVA analysis were accomplished to identify main effect of attachment style over parenting attitude. The result was that parents with secure attachment style showed higher affective parenting attitude score and lower hostile attitude score than avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style. Parents with anxious attachment style got higher repressive attitude score than any other attachment style. Correlation analysis showed that only the affect-hostile dimension of parenting attitude was related with depend dimension of attachment. As for close and anxiety dimension of attachment, both the affect-hostile dimension and autonomy-control dimension of parenting attitude were related, but with opposite direction. Regression analysis was accomplished to find out mediating roles of self-esteem along the path from attachment ability to parenting attitude. As a result, there was partial mediation role of self-esteem when dependent variable was the affect-hostile parenting attitude. When dependent variable was the autonomy-control parenting attitude, there was full mediation effect of self-esteem. Finally the significance and limitation of this study were discussed.

한국판 부모애착인식척도(K-PARS)의 타당화 연구

김동진,전효정 열린부모교육학회 2022 열린부모교육연구 Vol.14 No.4

This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean translated version of the Parental Attachment Recognition Scale(Tanaka, 2020). PARS is a standardized scale for both positive and negative emotions that reflects the mother’s early attachment experiences for mothers of preschoolers, and was developed to understand and support mothers’ attachment experiences. The limitation is that the attachment figure is not clear; in this study, the attachment figure is separated into father and mother attachment, and validation is performed. The subjects of the research are 430 parents raising preschoolers. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical programs SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that a model consisting of 27 items from 3 factors (parent impression, parent-child contact, and emotional bond) was suitable for K-PARS. As a result of confirming the criterion validity of K-PARS, it was positive relationships with the Childhood Attachment Scale, negative relationships with anxiety and avoidance, which are sub-factors of the Early Parental Attachment Scale, and positive relationships with care, a sub-factor of the Parental Bonding Instrument, that showed a negative relationship with overprotection. The reliability coefficient was found to be 0.96 to 0.97. From the results of this study, it was found that K-PARS was a relatively reliable and valid measure. It is expected that this scale will stimulate subsequent studies on the perception of attachment experiences with parents in childhood, and provide basic data for parent roles and parenting support.

Differences in Parenting Stress, Parenting Attitudes, and Parents’ Mental Health According to Parental Adult Attachment Style

Do Hoon Kim,Na Ri Kang,Young Sook Kwack 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2019 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: We aimed to compare the differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents’ mental health between different adult attachment styles. Methods: Forty-four parents who completed a parental education program were enrolled in our study. They completed the Korean version of the Experience of Close Relationship Revised, Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Results: The avoidant attachment score positively correlated with parenting stress. The anxious attachment score showed a positive relationship with parenting stress, hostile parenting attitude, and psychopathology, but a negative association with an affectionate parenting attitude. The secure attachment group exhibited a more autonomous, affectionate parenting style and a less hostile parenting attitude and less parenting stress than the insecure attachment group. Dismissing-avoidant attachment parents reported significantly higher parenting stress scores than secure attachment parents. Preoccupied and fearful-avoidant attachment parents displayed a more hostile parenting style than secure attachment parents. Dismissing-avoidant and preoccupied parents reported a less affectionate parenting attitude than secure attachment parents. Conclusion: There were differences in parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and parents’ mental health depending on the adult attachment style. More specific education and interventions based on parental attachment type are necessary for parents.