Synergistic effects of both heating and diatomaceous earth treatments for the control of stored-product insect, Plodia interpunctella

Hanna Kim,Yeon Su Yu,Kyeong-Yeoll Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Plodia interpunctella, Indianmeal moth, is world-widely distributed pest in stored and manufactured agricultural products. Practically, this species seriously damaged by the infestation of most stored and manufactured agricultural products. It is necessary to find useful techniques for the control of stored-product pests insects including P. interpunctella. Recently, heating at 55℃ for 48 h can be practically used to disinfest stored-product insects in the filed of manufactures. To improve efficiency of this technique we conducted combination treatments with heat and diatomaceous earth. At room temperature, wandering larvae, which is most tolerant developmental stage to heat, were not dead regardless of diatomaceous earth (4 mg/L) treatment within 24 h. However, incubation at 40℃, all the larvae were dead with diatomaceous earth treatment while its mortality was 28% without diatomaceous earth treatment. Thus, heating effects was significantly improved by the combined treatments of diatomaceous earth. This effect was increased when temperature was higher and the exposed time is longer. Our results clearly showed that the combined treatments of both heat and diatomaceous earth showed synergistic effects for the control of P. interpunctella.

모 규조토 가공 업체의 규조토 분진 폭로에 의한 규조토폐증 유병에 관한 조사

임현술,김성순,이원재,Lim, Hyun-Sul,Kim, Sung-Soon,Lee, Won-Jae 대한예방의학회 1995 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.28 No.1

Diatomaceous earth, quarried from the remains of aquatic plants deposited millions of years ago, continues to be a very important raw material with many industrial uses. In its natural state, diatomaceous earth is an amorphous silica with no crystalline pattern. For many uses, however, it is calcinated and calcination converts a portion of the amorphous silica to a crystalline form, cristobalite which is far more fibrogenic. In a factory which produces calcinated diatomaceous earth, seven workers were proved as pneumoconiosis on 1991 and 1992. Authors reviewed medical chart and current status of them. Authors also examined thirty one subjects from the factory with questionnaire, physical examination, spirometry and chest radiography on August 13th 1993. The radiographs were independently interpreted by two radiologists and their findings were classified by International Classification of Radiography of Pneumoconiosis(ILO, 1980). Total and respirable dust of diatomaceous earth were measured on October 1993. The results were as follows; 1. Of 31 workers, 6 (19.4%) were diagnosed as diatomaceous earth pneumoconiosis. There was an increasing tendency in prevalence of pneumoconiosis as the duration of dust exposure gets longer. 2. There were no significant differences in age, smoking rate, alcohol drinking rate, and pulmonary function test results between cases and non-cases. 3. The means of total dust exposures at flour manufacturing, fire brick grinding and packaging, ceramic raws packaging processes exceeded Korean and ACGIH standards, $10mg/m^3$. Above results suggest that engineering controls, periodic environmental and medical surveillance are important for preventing pneumoconiosis in the diatomite factory.

정수장 침전지 유출수의 규조토 여과에 관한 연구

신대윤,지성남,문옥란,김지영,서동우,조영관,Shin Dae-Yewn,Ji Sung-Nam,Moon Ok-Ran,Kim Ji-Yeong,Suh Dong-Woo,Cho Young-Kwan 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.5

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate applicability of precoat filtration that can be substituted for rapid sand filter of conventional water treatment system(CWTS). Precoat filter used in this experiment are candle filter. Element disk of candle are pore size $10{\mu}m(R),\;20{\mu}m(B)$ And diatomaceous earth are cake pore size $3.5{\mu}m$(Standard Super- Cel; A), $7{\mu}m$(Hyflo Super-Cel; B) and $17{\mu}m$(Celite 545RV; C). $2kg/m^2$ diatomaceous earth is used for precoating, it coated candle in $5{\sim}6mm$ thickness. 1. Al adsorption dosages by diatomaceous earth used in experimental we Hyflo Super-Cel 0.843mg/g, Standard Super-Cel 0.782 mg/g and Celite 545RV 0.766 mg/g. 2. Filtrate of precoat filter during 60min are R-C combination 20.7($m^3/m^2$)>B-C 18.3($m^3/m^2$)>B-B 15.0($m^3/m^2$)> R-B 12.9($m^3/m^2$)> R-A 11,093($l/m^2$). 3. Water quality of precoat filter effluent are thus. $KMnO_4$ consumption are $1.10{\sim}2.20mg/l$, removal rate are $30.9{\sim}65.6\%$. They are R-A 1.10(mg/l)(removal rate $65.6\%$). R-C(2.20 mg/l)(removal rate $30.9\%$). 4. $Al^{3+}$ are not detected with all combination, removal rate $100\%$. 5. Considering water quality and flux, continued running time of R-A combination is 7 hr. Accumulated filtrate are $74.4 m^3/m^2$, average flux is $177.2 l/m^2{\cdot}min$. And filtrate per diatomaceous earth 1g are 37.2 l. 6. R-A effluent's water quality are $KMnO_4$ Consumption 1.10(mg/l), DOC 1.161 mg/1, Al 0.0 mg/1, $UV_{254}$ 0.016/cm, Turbidity 0.1(NTU). R-A combination is suitable to precoat filtration for the settling basin effluent treatment.

규조토 가공업소에서 발생한 규조토폐증에 대한 조사

임현술,이원재,윤임종 大韓産業醫學會 1992 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Diatomaceous earth, or diatomite, quarried from the remains of aquatic plants deposited millions of years ago, continues to be a very important raw material with many industrial uses. In its natural state, diatomaceous earth is an amorphous silica with no crystalline pattern. For many uses, however, it is calcined and calcination converts a portion of the amorphous silica to a crystalline form, cristobalite which is far more fibrogenic. In the factory which calcination was done with diatomeceous earth seven workers were proved as pneumoconiosis on June 15th 1990. Afterthen thirty five male subjects from the entire factory were examined by questionnaire, physical examination, spirometry and chest radiography, etc. on January 22th 1991. The radiographs were doubly read by two chest disease specialist and their findings were classified by International Classification of Radiographys of Pneumoconiosis (ILO, 1980). The results were as follows ; 1. Seven workers (20.0%) were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis among male employee. There was an increasing tendency in prevalence of pneumoconiosis as the age is older and the duration of dust exas the age is older and the duration of dust exposure is longer. 2. Their major complaint was extional dyspnea or dyspnea and significant difference was observed than now cases among exposed and nonexposed group. 3. The results of spirometric test showed the forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1.0) was decreased significantly in the cases than nonexposed.

Mixing of Isaria fumosorosea with enhanced diatomaceous earth and bitterbarkomycin for control of Rhyzopertha dominica

Tahira Riasat,Waqas Wakil,Muhammad YASIN,권용정 한국곤충학회 2013 Entomological Research Vol.43 No.4

The virulence of Isaria fumosorosea alone and integrated with an enhanced formulation of diatomaceous earth (diatomaceous earth + bitterbarkomycin, DEBBM) was tested against the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) under laboratory conditions on stored wheat. The fungus was applied to wheat grains at various concentrations of 3.60 × 106, 3.60 × 108, and 3.60 × 1010 conidia/kg alone, or in combination with 15 and 30 ppm of DEBBM. R. dominica was held at 20, 25 and 30°C and two RH regimes (56 and 75%) and mortality was registered after 5, 10 and 15 d. Generally, I. fumosorosea was most effective at 25°C caused the highest mortality of R. dominica at 56% RH. The increase of temperature, concentration and exposure interval increased the insecticidal effect of DEBBM at low RH level. The DE alone suppressed the progeny emergence at higher dose rate as compared I. fumosorosea alone, but their simultaneous use further reduced the progeny production of R. dominica. The integrated use of both tested bio control agents synergized the effect of each other and caused the highest mortality at 25°C and 56% RH. The results clearly demonstrated that I. fumosorosea and new enhanced DEBBM can be integrated to be an effective control measure for R. dominica in stored wheat.

Dissolution and Release of Silicon from Diatomaceous Earth and Its Effect on Rice in Acidic, Neutral and Alkaline Soils of South India

Sandhya Kollalu,Prakash Nagabovanalli B,Parashuram Chandravanshi,Vijay Mahanthesh H,Kadalli G G,Jayadeva H M 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

A Simple Method for Extraction of High Molecular Weight DNA fromPorphyra Tenera (Rhodophyta) Using Diatomaceous Earth

김태훈,황미숙,송주동,오민혁,문용환,정익교,류태형,이춘환,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Hwang, Mi-Sook,Song, Ju-Dong,Oh, Min-Hyuk,Moon, Yong-Hwan,Chung, Ik-Kyo,Rhew, Tae-Hyoung,Lee, Choon-Hwan The Korean Society of Phycology 2006 ALGAE Vol.21 No.2

The innate soluble polysaccharides and phenolic compounds of marine macroalgae are serious contaminants which interfere with experimental procedures such as restriction enzyme digestion, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other enzymatic reactions using extracted DNA samples. The viscous polysaccharides are co-precipitated with DNA samples by isopropanol or ethanol precipitation in conventional experiment. To overcome the problem, a method for the isolation of high molecular weight DNA from Porphyra tenera is developed with the application of diatomaceous earth column. The isolated DNAs by this method were about 50-100 kb in size and could be digested well with restriction enzymes. The nuclease activity seemed to be minimal, and high reproducibility in the arbitrary primed PCR for RAPD analyses was a distinctive feature. These results suggest that this method is very efficient in isolating nucleic acid from macroalgae including Porphyra.

당근 Pelleting 종자의 발아력 증진을 위한 적정 피복물질 탐색

강점순,김태구,최영환,손병구,안종길 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2001 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.5 No.1

A series of studies were conducted to develop a labor-saving production system for carrot by developing seed coating techniques. Among the coaling materials tested in this study, diatomaceous earth #300 alone, or in combination with kaolin or with talc, was the suitable coating materials for carrot seeds. On the other hand, limestone alone, or in combination with other materials, greatly reduced germinability, using limestone as a coating resulted in as low as a low a 4% germination. Diatomaceous earth #300 was composed of Al, Si, K, Fe, and O. Oxidation products of diatomaceous earth were more 90% SiO2, 7% Al2O3, 6% Fe2O3, and about 1% K2O, and those of kaolin included 71% SiO2 and 21% Al2O3.

Chemodosimeter functionalized diatomaceous earth particles for visual detection and removal of trace mercury ions from water

Patil, Pravin,Madhuprasad, Pravin,Bhat, Mahesh P.,Gatti, Manasa G.,Kabiri, Shervin,Altalhi, Tariq,Jung, Ho-Young,Losic, Dusan,Kurkuri, Mahaveer Elsevier 2017 Chemical engineering journal Vol.327 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The rhodamine based receptor, P2 has been developed for the detection of environmentally hazardous Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions with a limit of detection, 1.5×10<SUP>−6</SUP> M. The P2 showed a significant colour change from colourless to pink upon binding with Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. As a result, a new peak at 533nm was observed in UV–vis spectroscopy which was attributed to spirolactum ring opening followed by through bond energy transfer (TBET). In addition, the presence of other competing cations did not interfere the detection of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. Further, P2 has been successfully immobilized onto the naturally available and highly porous diatomaceous earth particles (P2D) for removal of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions from water. The covalently attached organic molecule in P2D forms complex with Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion present in the water and thus traps the Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. Based on this, a proof-of-concept cartridge has been developed for water purification. The cartridge having 450mg of P2D was able to purify 30mL of water containing 1ppm Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. The efficiency of cartridge could be visualized with a colour change from colourless to pink.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Detection and removal of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> from water using chemodosimeter P2 were realized. </LI> <LI> P2 has been successfully immobilized onto naturally available diatoms (P2D). </LI> <LI> Organic receptor and hazardous Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions were physically contained in diatoms. </LI> <LI> Eco-friendly cartridge containing P2D was developed for the removal of Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. </LI> <LI> Device efficiency (time to replace) could be realized through visual colour change. </LI> </UL> </P>

The synergistic effects of Carum copticum essential oil on diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum

Masumeh Ziaee,Saeid Moharramipour,Jacek Francikowski 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4

In this study, synergistic/antagonistic interaction between Carum copticum (L.) powder and essential oil with diatomaceousearths (DEs) was assessed against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. and Sitophilus granarius (L.)adults. The obtained synergistic interactionwas interpreted by measurement of insects' locomotor activity whenexposed to C. copticum essential oil. Essential oil had strong fumigant toxicity against adult insects; however, toxicitydiminished in the presence of wheat commodity. Plant essential oil synergized the performance of DE samplessuch that they generally became more insecticidal than DE alone. However, plant powder effects wereantagonistic; effects were not as severe as predicted in terms of the insect mortality. Insects' locomotor activityincreased significantlywhen exposed to C. copticumessential oil. These results support the hypothesis that essentialoil can enhance the efficacy of DE, at least by increasing locomotor activity and insect-contact toxicity of DEparticles. Therefore, combination of essential oil with DE could have potential for use in integrated storedproductpest-management programs.