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Chemodosimeter functionalized diatomaceous earth particles for visual detection and removal of trace mercury ions from water

Patil, Pravin,Madhuprasad, Pravin,Bhat, Mahesh P.,Gatti, Manasa G.,Kabiri, Shervin,Altalhi, Tariq,Jung, Ho-Young,Losic, Dusan,Kurkuri, Mahaveer Elsevier 2017 Chemical engineering journal Vol.327 No.-
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Abstract The rhodamine based receptor, P2 has been developed for the detection of environmentally hazardous Hg2+ ions with a limit of detection, 1.5×10−6 M. The P2 showed a significant colour change from colourless to pink upon binding with Hg2+ ions. As a result, a new peak at 533nm was observed in UV–vis spectroscopy which was attributed to spirolactum ring opening followed by through bond energy transfer (TBET). In addition, the presence of other competing cations did not interfere the detection of Hg2+ ions. Further, P2 has been successfully immobilized onto the naturally available and highly porous diatomaceous earth particles (P2D) for removal of Hg2+ ions from water. The covalently attached organic molecule in P2D forms complex with Hg2+ ion present in the water and thus traps the Hg2+ ions. Based on this, a proof-of-concept cartridge has been developed for water purification. The cartridge having 450mg of P2D was able to purify 30mL of water containing 1ppm Hg2+ ions. The efficiency of cartridge could be visualized with a colour change from colourless to pink. Highlights <UL> <LI> Detection and removal of Hg2+ from water using chemodosimeter P2 were realized. </LI> <LI> P2 has been successfully immobilized onto naturally available diatoms (P2D). </LI> <LI> Organic receptor and hazardous Hg2+ ions were physically contained in diatoms. </LI> <LI> Eco-friendly cartridge containing P2D was developed for the removal of Hg2+ ions. </LI> <LI> Device efficiency (time to replace) could be realized through visual colour change. </LI> </UL>
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Amine activated diatom xerogel hybrid material for efficient removal of hazardous dye

Sriram, Ganesan,Bhat, Mahesh P.,Kigga, Madhuprasad,Uthappa, U.T.,Jung, Ho-Young,Kumeria, Tushar,Kurkuri, Mahaveer D. Elsevier 2019 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.235 No.-
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Abstract The effective removal of organic pollutants from aqueous media is still an eminent challenge. In the present work, naturally available diatomaceous earth (DE) particles was surface modified with mesoporous silica xerogel denotes as diatom xerogel material. Subsequently amine functionality has been successfully introduced on diatom xerogel (DXEA) for the efficient removal of hazardous dye, Eriochrome Black T (EBT). The adsorbents before and after EBT adsorption were characterized using various techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR and BET. The adsorption process was conducted by varying many parameters such as pH, dosage, initial concentration of dye and time. The designed adsorbent, DXEA showed increased removal efficiency (∼99 %) in comparison with neat DE (∼58 %) due to the presence of amine functional group, which favours the rapid adsorption of EBT. This study showed that adsorbent DXEA was adequate to remove 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L of aqueous EBT in 5 and 60 min of contact time respectively. The maximum dye adsorption capacity of DXEA was found to be ∼62 mg/g whereas, for DE it was ∼56 mg/g. The dye adsorption kinetics of EBT onto both the DXEA and the DE follow the pseudo-second-order model. Also, DXEA was used for selective removal of EBT in the presence of other dyes and recycle studies were discussed. These studies showed that DXEA is a promising material for EBT removal by adsorption in real sample. Highlights <UL> <LI> Amine activated diatom xerogel adsorbent was synthesized for efficient removal of EBT. </LI> <LI> Adsorbent was analyzed using XRD, FESEM, FTIR and BET before and after dye adsorption. </LI> <LI> The designed adsorbent showed 99.9% EBT removal efficiency within 5 min. </LI> <LI> Selective removal of EBT was observed over other cationic and anionic dyes. </LI> <LI> The amine activated diatom xerogel showed good reusability even after five cycles. </LI> </UL> Graphical abstract [DISPLAY OMISSION]
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Xerogel modified diatomaceous earth microparticles for controlled drug release studies

Uthappa, U. T.,Sriram, G.,Brahmkhatri, Varsha,Kigga, Madhuprasad,Jung, Ho-Young,Altalhi, Tariq,Neelgund, Gururaj M.,Kurkuri, Mahaveer D. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 New Journal of Chemistry Vol.42 No.14
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Naturally available diatomaceous earth (DE) microparticles are ideal candidates for drug delivery due to their excellent features like biocompatibility, non-toxicity, porosity, high surface area and ease of surface modification. On the other hand, they have some limitations, especially in drug delivery applications, such as poor drug loading capacity and a very high initial burst release. In order to address these drawbacks, we have surface modified the diatoms with silica xerogel, which forms a novel hybrid material. The modification process was carried out by a facile sol-gel method, the silica xerogel decorated DE microparticles were extensively characterized by SEM, BET, ATR-IR spectroscopy and XRD in order to confirm the covalent linkage of the new material on the surface of the DE microparticles. The prepared hybrid material DE-XER (xerogel) acts as a pH-sensitive micro drug carrier for diclofenac sodium (DS) drug. The results indicate that surface modification plays a critical role, enhancing the drug loading capacity in comparison with neat DE microparticles, achieving effective controlled release. Furthermore, the obtained drug release data were fitted to the zero order model to understand the drug release mechanism.

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