대뇌 기저핵 신경세포 일차배양에서 망간에 의해 유도된 Appoptosis : 형태학적인 소견

신동훈,김상표,정용욱,배재훈,송대규,백원기 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 본 실험은 대뇌기저핵의 신경세포를 배양하여 망간(MnCl₂)을 투여한 후 망간독성에 의한 신경세포의 apoptosis를 형태학적인 소견으로 관찰하였다. 방법 : 배양된 신경세포에 0.01에서 10μM Mnc12를 48시간동안 처리한 후 TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling)법 및 투과전자현미경학적으로 관찰하였다. 결과 : TUNEL방법을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 TUNEL반응에 갈색으로 양성반응을 나타내는apoptotic 세포의 수가 대조군에 비해 MnCl₂를 투여한 군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(P〈0.05), 투과전자현미경학적 소견상 대조군의 신경세포들은 핵인(nucleolus)이 두드러지게 특징적으로 보이면서 핵막과 세포질내 소기관들이 잘 보존되어 있으며, 세포질내망(ER)과 사립체(mitochondria)를 특히 많이 가지고 있었다. Mnc12를 48시간 동안 처리한 군에서 이질염색질(heterochromatin)이 핵막으로 이동하면서 응집되어 있었으며, 핵내 불규칙한 형태의 염색질이 나타나 분절이 진행되는 소견을 보였고, Apoptosis의 가장 특징적인 초기 소견인 막으로 둘러싸인 반달모양의 핵내염색질의 분절편(fragment-ed chromatin)과 주위의 상대적으로 정상적인 소기관으로 구성된 apoptotic body를 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론 : 신경세포에서 망간에 의해 apoptosis가 유도됨을 형태학적인 방법으로 확인할 수 있었으며 망간에 의한 세포사망양상에 apoptosis가 하나의 기전이 될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : Manganese is cytotoxic to the central nervous system including basal gan-glia. Its toxic mechanism is related to oxidative stress, mediated by toxic free radicals but is specultives. In the present study , we have investigated to manifest apoptosis in man-ganese-induced cytotoxicity in primary neuronal cell culture of rat basal ganglia. Methods : To detect apoptotic neuronal cells were stained by the terminal deoxynu-cleotide (TdT) -mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) method and apoptotic changesin nuclei of neurons were observed by electron microscopy. Results : We showed that TUNEL immunostain showed brownish signal in the nuclei of apoptotic cells and the proportions of apoptotic cells in Manganese treatment groups were more higher than controls. On transmission electron microscopy, there were chromatine condensation with margination toward nuclear membrane and condensation of cyto-plasm in the treated with luM MnCl²for 48 hours in a basal ganglia neurons. Apoptotic bodies were found and consisted of semilunar-like condensed nuclei with relatively intact cytoplasmic organelles. Conclusions : Apoptosis appears to be one mechanism in the manganese-induced net-ronal cell death. Manganese intoxication is a convenient model for apoptosis study.

용인 안성지구 산사태와 파괴 형상에 관한 연구

신승목,김상규,장연수 동국대학교 대학원 1993 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.23 No.-

본 논문에는 1991년 7월의 집중호우로 인해 많은 산사태가 발생한 용인·안성지역의 산사태 현장을 방문 조사를 실시한 결과를 토대로 우리나라의 산사태 발생요인과 파괴형상을 규명하였다. 표본지구의 지질암은 풍화된 편마암 및 편암이 주종을 이루고 주요 사면파괴형태는 평행활동파괴 및 토석류이었다. 평행활동파괴는 표토층이 1m내로 얕고 경사가 30˚이상인 사면의 산복부에서 발생한 반면 토석류는 대체로 길이가 길고 경사가 40˚~50˚로 급경사를 이루는 계곡부에서 발생하였는데 토석류발생이 시작된 산정상부에서는 소규모의 평행 또는 회전활동의 흔적이 발견되었다. 본 지역 식생의 뿌리 깊이는 표토의 두께와 거의 일치하고 파괴면도 표토와 기반암의 경계에서 발생하여 집중호우시 나무하중도 국내 지형 지질에서는 무시못할 요소이며 또한 큰 균열도 유수의 침투로를 제공하여 산사태 발생을 촉진시킨 것으로 판단되었다. This paper investigates the causes of the generation of domestic landslides and their representative failure shapes, based on the results of the reconnaissance of Youngin-Ansung region where enormous number of landslides occurred due to downpour in July, 1991. The geology of the site is mainly weathered schist and gneiss, and the representative failure patterns of the landslides are translational sliding and debris flow. The translational sliding failure is generated at the abdominal region of the mountain, of which the thickness of cover soil is less than 1m and its slope is greater than 30 degrees. On the other hand debris flow is generated in the valleys where their slopes are steep in between 40˚ and 55˚ and the travel distance of debris is quite long. At the summit area where debris flows were initiated, small sized translation or rotational failures were found. The thickness of the vegetation roots in the landslide area consists almost with that of the soil covers, and most failure planes are located at the boundary of cover soil and base rock. Hence, it can be recognized that the surcharge load due to vegetation accompanied with severe downpour can be a significant cause of domestic landslides. The macropores formed at these boundaries can also accelerate the initiation of landslides by accumulating the pore pressure in the pores.

CM at Risk의 국내 건설시장 도입 및 활성화 방안 연구

신성훈,서용칠,구교진,현창택 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

Nowadays, construction projects are increasing its complexities, risks and demands for greater' input and management skill. Also owners are gradually inclined to transfer their risks to other parties. In order to respond this situation, it is necessary that the different kinds of delivery systems suitable for the clients' needs be diversified and adapted to the Korean construction industry. In this background, the study is to present the approach to introduce CM at risk, one of the alternative delivery systems in Korea, by revising some regulations and proposing various types of this system.

백서 혈관평활근 세포에서 α-Lipoic acid가 PAI-1 발현, 세포의 증식, 주유능 및 신생내막 형성억제에 미치는 효과

신동우,이동욱,이상준,김혜순,강효경,안종덕,이인규 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:당뇨병의 혈관 합병증의 발생에 있어서 산화스트레스는 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 혈관 평활근세포에서 고혈당은 안지오텐신Ⅱ와 더불어 활성산소족(ROS)을 증가시키며, 산화스트레스에 민감한 전사인자들을 활성화시켜 동맥경화증을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 항산화제로 알려진 알파­리포산이 혈관 평활근세포의 증식속도와 이주에 미치는 영향과 PAI­1발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고 이와 동시에 백서의 혈관 손상 모델을 이용하여 알파­리포산이 신생내막 증식을 억제시킬 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 방법:In vitro 실험은 백서의 대동맥 평활근세포를 고농도의 포도당(22mM)과 100nM의 안지오텐신Ⅱ로 4시간 배양하였다. 알파­리포산을 처리 후, PAI­1 mRNA의 발현을 보기 위해 노던 블롯을 시행하였고 평활근세포의 유주능과 증식속도에 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 성장속도의 유주능 분석을 시행하였다. 또한 평활근세포의 유주능에 NF­μB 경로가 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 겔 지연 분석과 NF­μB 보고 유전자 분석을 시행하였다. In vivo 실험으로 백서의 혈관손상 모델을 이용하여 알파­리포산 처리 후 혈관의 신생내막 두께를 비교하였다. 결과:In vitro 실험에서 고농도 포도당과 안지오텐신Ⅱ에 의해 유도된 PAI­1 mRNA 발현증가는 알파­리포산 처리에 의하여 용량에 비례하여 억제되었다(p<0.05). 알파­리포산 처리로 혈관 평활근세포의 유주능은 유의하게 억제되었으나(p<0.01),증식속도는 유의하게 억제되지 않았다. 또한 알파­리포산 처리로 NF­μB 발현도 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.01). In vivo 실험에서 알파­리포산을 주입한 군에서 혈관손상에 의한 신생내막의 증식이 유의하게 억제되는 것을 보여주었다(p<0.01). 결론:알파­리포산은 백서의 대동맥 평활근 세포의 증식속도는 억제하지 못했으나 유주능은 유의하게 억제하였으며, 혈관 손상 모델에서 신생 내막 증식도 유의하게 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 작용은 알파­리포산에 의한 NF­μB 경로의 억제와 연관이 있는 것으로 사료된다. Background : Exposure to large amounts of glucose causes a characteristic dysfunction and morphologic changes of the endothelium by an increased production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in diabetes. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), which modulates fibrinolysis and cell migration may influence proteolysis and neointimal formation in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). Antioxidants have been proposed to inhibit multiple proatherogenic events. This study investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid on PAI-1 expression and VSMC proliferation and migration both in vivo and in vitro. Methods : In the in vitro study, cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells(RASMC) were incubated in a medium containing high glucose (22 mM) and 100 nM angiotensin Ⅱ for 4 hour. After α-lipoic acidtreatment, a -migration and growth assay of the RASMC, and a gelmobility shift assay and reportergene analysis for nuclear factor- иB(NF- иB) and northern blot analysis for PAI-1 were performed. In the in vivo study, the effect of α-lipoic acid on neointimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid balloon injury model was evaluated. Results : RASMC migration was inhibited significantly by α-lipoic acid (p<0.01), but their prolife ration was not inhibited. The NF-иB DNA binding activity and NF-иB promoter activity was inhibited by α-lipoic acid significantly (p<0.01). α-lipoic acid inhibited PAI-1 mRNA expression by high glucose and angiotensin Ⅱ in dose dependent manner (p<0.05). In the rat carotid artery balloon injury model, neointimal formation was reduced by α-lipoic acid treatment in a dose dependent manner significantly (p<0.01). Conclusion : α-lipoic acid suppresses migration, but not prolife ration in RASMC. α-lipoic acid also reduce neointima formation in a rat carotid balloon injured model. This effect might be related to the blocking of NF-иB which increase the expression of the genes associated with atherosclerosis including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, endothelin-1, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, tissue factor(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25:446~459, 2001).

한국재래흑염소에서 발정 및 과배란 유도와 외래유전자 주입에 적합한 1세포기 수정란의 채취

신상태,이두환,김명철,이운규,이철상,한용만,이경광 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1998 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Three different treatments for induction of estrus in Korean native black goats were compared: follicle stimulating hormone(FSH, FSH-p^TM), FSH combined with MAP(intravaginal impregnated sponges, Veramix^ⓡ, containing 60 ㎎ medroxy progesterone acetate for 14 days), and FSH combined with progesterone(Ovaron^ⓡ, 10 ㎎ IM for 10 days) and PGF_2α(Lutalyse^ⓡ, 3 ㎎ IM at first FSH injection). FSH for inducing estrus and superovulation was given a total 20 ㎎ intramuscularilly in decreasing dosage injections twice daily over 4 days. The MAPs were withdrawn at the 3rd day of FSH injection. Estrus observations were conducted every 6 hours from last FSH injection for 24 hours by placing the does with fertile male goats. Estrus and superovulation were more successfully induced with treatment of MAP + FSH than other treatments(FSH only, or progesterone + PGF_2α + FSH) (estrus induction; 100 vs 42.8 and 71.4%, ovulation points; 11.4 vs 5.4 and 4.4, respectively). The effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) on the ovulation rate was also examined. However, no difference was observed for inducing ovulation with treatment or dosage(100 ㎍ 200 ㎍) of GnRH. Low midline laparotomies were performed, and then ovarian responses (ovulations and follicular development) were examined by exteriorization of the reproductive tracts. Ova were recovered from oviducts by retrograde flushing 60-146 hours after MAP removal, and were classified the developmental stages. Overall 66.1% (236/357) of recovery rate was obtained from 30 superovulated does. The optimal recovery time of microinjectable 1-cell zygotes was approximately 72-76 hours after MAP removal.

두개강내 정맥기형들과 동반된 안와내 해면상 혈관종 1례

조도상,송준혁,김명현,박향권,김성학,신규만,박동빈 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.6

프랭크從屬理論의 批判的 檢討

愼奎晟 동아대학교 부설 사회과학연구소 1984 사회과학논집 Vol.2 No.-

Andre Gunder Frank was to initiate one of the most important lines of analysis within the dependency school, with his article in the Monthly Review (1966) and later in a more elaborated form in his well known study of the development of chile and Brazil (1967) In these works he insisted that underdevelopment in Latin America is not an original or traditional state of affairs but the necessary product of the contradiction ridden process of the capitalist development. The intention of his works was to emphasize the internal structure of the satellite colony, seen as the historical product of the complex of its relations with the imperialist power and to expose the limitation of the development policies of the nationalist bourgeoisie. And then he concluded that for the people of Latin America, a policy of real development requires a revolutionary strategy and socialism. As Geoffrey Kay indicated, he does not recognize the law of value but is an electric combination of orthodoxe conomic theory and revolutionary phraselogy For the propositions that A. G Frank concluded he had to explain the reason why Argentina's historical process was different from that of Australia which had achieved an independent economy. But he failed to explain it. Also his use of the notion of historical categories is inexact. For example, what he really understands by the notion of 'mode of production' is 'techniques' or 'organization' of production, and not social relations of production. Frank's direct contribution to the understanding of the process of Latin American development is largely limited to his critique of dualist models for Latin America. But many of the shortcomings in his theory arise from the manner in which it criticised orthodox dualism. So keen was he to show that capitalism was responsible for underdevelopment, that in arguing that the whole underdeveloped World was caught up in the world Capitalist economy, he claimed that production in the underdeveloped world was everywhere capitalist production In doing so he confused commodity production with capitalist production. In short, his theoretical frame work is the combination of F. List's 'the National System of Political Economy' and Baran's concept 'economic surplus' and spiced with Marxian phraselogy. As a result he conclded unrealistic strategy of socialistic revolution. Therefore even Marxists criticized his unrealistic revolutionary strategy and denounced his non-Marxistic nature.

H_(2)O_(2) 酸化工程에 의한 糊拔廢水中의 PVA酸化에 관한 硏究

申盛義,權圭赫 조선대학교 환경연구소 1990 環境公害硏究 Vol.7 No.-

In this thesis, in order to degrade poly vinyl alcohl oxidation by the H_(2)O Process were experimentally carried out. poly vinyl alcohol is not easily biodegradable polymer and is mainly used for the dye process as a siying substance. Fe^(2+)/H_(2)O oxidation process are very useful treatment process in poly vinyl alcohol content dye Waste-water. I have investigated into treating sizing wastewater polluted with poly vinyl alcohol. The results were sumerized as follows: 1, For a given influent poly vinyl alcohol content sizing wastewater UV_(254) adsorbance are 0.140, increasing Fe^(1+)/H_(2)O_(2) ratio 0.2 resulted in UV_(254) absorbance are 8.2. This results are given Fe^(2)/H_(2)O_(2) process was oxidation effect of the poly vinyl alcohol. 2, poly vinyl alcohol removal efficiency and CODcr removal efficiency is significantly affected with Fe^(2)/H_(2)O as high as 0.3. 3, poly vinyl alcohol content desizing wastewater was easily oxidized with the decreased of pH and optimum pH was 3. 4, Optimum H_(2)O_(2) injected concentration is 280mg/l. 5, polyvinyl alcohol was easily oxidized with increase of temperature and optimum temperature is 50℃(±1).

日本經濟發展의 特殊性에 關한 小考

愼奎晟 東亞大學校 1972 東亞論叢 Vol.9 No.-

To echo Schumpeter's comment on the trade cycles, every case of economic development is a 'historical individual' and had better be treated as such. Extream emphasis on historical individual and rejection to natural economic laws is found in the German historical school. But we have found general aspects in the development of capialism. Therefore we must try to unify the peculiarity and generality in the study of economic history, because we can not understand the peculiarity of the development in any country without the generality of capitalistic developmet. So the thesis examined Japanese capitalism in the right of the development of capitalism in Western Europ, especially England. The conclusions are as followings. 1) In the historical background, old Japanese cities, large though they have been, were essentially deffered from the European town. They were not autonomous, independent corporations, also, their inhabitants did not conceive of themselves as members of legally and economically seperate and indendent entity. Recently, Japanese scholars have found that between the fourteenth and the sixteenth centuries, something like the European free city appeared briefly in Japan. But in Tokugawa era Japanese cities were controlled by the feudalistic government. Even in Europe at early modern era cities were also controlled absolute mornarchy. But the absolute monarchy was built on the rise of bourgeoisie. Tokugawa government was purely peudalistic. The material basis of old Japanese cities was the feudalistic rent which was exploited from the peasants who were controlled feudalistic government. However the peculiar aspect of Japanese feudalism is the insititution of sankin kotai(alternate residence) that symbolized the character of Tokugawa government that had controlled the feudal lords. The sanki nkotai and castle building owing to the change of weapons had contributed urbanizaton, the development road system and commerce. Eventually money penetrated into rural area and the peasants were differentiatel and the tenancy between peasants and putting-out system develped. But as a rule the chonin, bourgeoisie, was financial and commercial agents of the daimyo and Shogun. In short the peculiarity of Japanese development was the Tokugawa seculusion policy. 2) It was the samurai of lower rank from the outside clans who initiated the revolt and played the major role weaving both political and the economic fabic of new Japan. The chonin as financial and cmmercial agents of feudal classes had the interests in the old regim. Until the last decades of nineteen century the resorces for capital accumulation came from agriculture, and national ecnomic growth was schieved mainly within the trad tional sectors, notably agriculture. The momentum attained here by modest but pervasive innovations in technique during the early decades provided in turn the resources and stimuli to sustained the growth of industrial, trading and financial enterprise in the modern sectors. But After Sino-Japanese war, the foreign capitals were introduced on a lareg scales. Especially beginning about 1905, the forces of expansion came to enter more and more in the modern sector, while in agriculture sector given the traditional forms of cultivation, Japanese agriculture had reached diminishing returns in terms of the rate of growth. Complex structural problems appeared in the differntial progress of the traditional and modern sectors; in particular, a widening gap apeared in technical advance, productivity, and wages. It contributed to the economic dislocations of the twenties and perhaps also to the political disorders that eventuated in World War Ⅱ. 3) Despite the dualism of tradionalism and modernity the main momentum of economical development, as G.C. Allen said, laid in frequent and severe fluncuations, that is, 'boom andbust'. The explanation may be sought in the structure of the economy, particularly, the small-scale trades and the wage system. 4) During the twenties, as Allen said, it seemed reasonable to expect that material transformation would sooner or later lead to fundamental changes in social and political ideas, and that, in politics, Japan might gradually proceed by way of a senatorial parlamentary system to democracy and representative government. In economic development tha government played the major role and the semi-feudalistic social relation remained rural areas. The dualism of traditionalism and modernity and the peculiar wage system has checked the normal movement of labours. Above circumstances and the great depression resulted in the economic and political disorders.

대뇌실질에 발생한 포도낭미충증 -증례 보고-

김상진,김진용,박상근,고원규,신형식,황용순 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.9