한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

한국인 제1형 당뇨병에서 체도 세포질 항체의 양성률 : 항GAD항체, 항ICA512항체, 항phogrin항체의 조합 측정으로의 대체 가능성 Possible Replacement with Combined Measurement of Anti-GAD, Anti-ICA512, and Anti-phogrin Antibodies

김경아,김동준,정재훈,민용기,이문규,김광원,진동규,고경수,김상진,이명식 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:최근 당뇨병의 분류를 새로 제정함에 있어 자가항체가 양성이면 임상형에 상관없이 제1형 당뇨병으로 분류하자는 제안이 나옴으로써 자가항체의 중요성은 더욱 커질 것으로 예상된다. 특히 우리나라와 같이 비비만형인 제2형 당뇨병이 많은 나라에서는 당뇨병의 병인 규명에 자가항체가 중요한 위치를 차지할 것으로 사료된다. 자가항체 중에서 전통적으로 측정되어온 췌도 세포질 항체(ICA)는 표준화하기 어렵고 기술적으로 제한점이 많으며 현실적으로도 췌장 공여자가 적은 점 등이 문제로 알려져 있다. ICA의 대응 항원들로는 GAD(glutamic acid decarboxylase), IA­2(islet­associaated antigen­2;ICA512), IA­2β(phogrin)등이 있다. 이러한 대응 항원에 대한 특이적인 자가항체의 측정은 ICA에 비해 표준화되었으며 최근에는 방사면역측정법(radioimmunoassay;RIA)키드까지 등장하여 손쉽고 정확히 이를 측정할 수 있게 되었다. 연구자들은 한국인 제1형 당뇨병에서 측정법이 표준화 되어 있는 항GAD항체 및 항ICA512항체 조합(combimation)의 조합으로 ICA의 측정을 대신할 수 있는지를 조사하였고 더 나아가 항phogrin항체의 조합 측정으로 임상적 유용성이 있는지 보고자 하였다. 방법: ICA는 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하였다. 항 GAD항체는 상업화 된 키드(RSR??, United Kingdom)를 이용하였다. 항 ICA512항체와 항phogrin항체의 측정은 in vitro transcription&translation한 후 이를 이용해 방사면역 침전법을 이용하였다. 대상 환자로는 전형적 제1형 당뇨병 76명, 지진형 제1형 당뇨병 22명, 제2형 당뇨병 39명이었으며 각 군간의 연령은 각각 22.8±14.0, 37.9±13.9, 45.3±12.3세였다. 결과:1)전형적인 제1형 당뇨병에서는 ICA의 양성률이 30%, RIA조합만의(항GAD항체 또는 항 ICA512항체 또는 항phgrin항체 한가지에라도 양성인 경우)양성률이 57%이었다. 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서는 각각 18%, 50%이었다. 제2형 당뇨병에서는 각각 7.7%, 5.1%이었다. 2)각 군에서 ICA가 양성인 군에서 RIA조합 양성률을 보면 전형적 제1형 당뇨병에서는 96%, 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서는 100%에서 양성이었고 제2형 당뇨병에서는 RIA 조합 양성이 없었다. 각 군에서 ICA가 음성인 군에서도 RIA 조합시 전형적 제1형 당뇨병에서는 40%, 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서는 39%에서 양성이었고, 제2형 당뇨병에서는 5.6%에서 양성이었다. 3)전형적 제1형 당뇨병에서 ICA가 양성인 군(n=23)에서 96%가 RIA조합 양성이었는데 이때 각각의 RIA유형을 보면 항GAD항체 양성이 87%였다. 한편 항 ICA512항체 양성이 48%, 항phogrin항체 양성이 44%이고 항GAD항체 도는 항ICA512항체 양성이 96%를 차지한다. 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서는 ICA가 양성인 군(n=4)에서는 항 GAD항체 양성이 3명, 항ICA512항체 양성이 1명이었다. 따라서 기존의 ICA를 RIA조합으로 대체할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었는데 이때 항GAD항체와 항ICA512항체의 조합이 도움이 되겠고 항phogrin항체의 추가적인 검사는 일부의 환자에서만 도움이 되리라 사료된다. 4)이환 기간에 따라 ICA와 RIA조합을 비교시 ICA는 차이가 없었으나 RIA조합의 양성률은 지진형 제1형 당뇨병에서 4년 이상의 이환 기간이 지나면 그 이전보다 떨어졌다. 5)발병 연령에 따라 ICA와 RIA조합을 비교시 ICA 양성률이 전형적 제1형 당뇨병에서 15세 이전에 발병한 그룹에서 그 이후에 발병한 그룹보다 유의하게 높았다. 결론:이상의 결과를 요약하면 항GAD항체 및 항ICA512항체 측정의 조합은 ICA보다 민감도가 높아 기존의 ICA를 대체함은 물론 임상적 이용에서 현격한 우월성을 보이며, 성인에서 발병한 비전형적인 당뇨병의 분류에도 도움이 될 것으로 사료되었다. 추가적인 항phogrin항체의 측정은 임상적 유용성이 없었다. Background : Type 1 diabetes includes all forms of autoimmune-mediated and idiopathic beta-cell destruction leading to an absolute insulin deficiency. Evidence of an autoimune pathogenesis was assessed by studying cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICA), antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), antibodies reacting with an islet tyrosine phosphatase-related molecule referred to as ICA 512 (ICA 512A), or its homologue phogrin (phogrin-A). In comparison with ICA, the best validation to assess the risk of type 1 diabetes, shows that a combination of antibodies to GADA with ICA 512A has the power to detect a majority of ICA and 97 ~ 100% of subjects who progressed to overt diabetes. These findings suggest the possibility of replacing the laborious ICA test in the screening programs to identify subjects at risk of progressing to type 1 diabetes or for classifying the stage of diabetes at the time of diagnosis. Up to now, it is unclear whether these results are applicable to the slowly progressive type 1 diabetes that appears to be more prevalent in Asian than in western countries. The prevalence of combined autoantibody testing (1≥ of GADA, ICA512A, or phogrin-A) was investigated in the patients with type 1 diabetes (typical and slowly progressive) and type 2 diabetes, and compared with that of ICA which is a more laborious and insensitive test. Methods : The ICA assay was performed using immunoenzymatic staining of frozen human (blood group O) pancreatic sections with serial dilutions of serum samples with peroxidase-labeled protein A. For the GADA determination, commercially available GADA radiommunoassay kits utilizing the ^125I-labeled recombinant GAD65 (RSR®, United Kingdom) as an antigen was used. Either ICA512A or phogrin-A were detected by a radioligand-binding assay after in vitro transcription and translation using the clone ICA512bdc or phogrin c DNA. Serum was obtained from 76 patients with type 1 diabetes(mean age 45.3± 12.3 years). Typical and slowly progressive type 1 diabetes patients had the disease for between 4.0±4.6 and 10.1±9.5 years, respectively at the earliest serum sampling. Results: 1) In typicaltype 1 diabetes, 30% of patients tested positive for ICA and 57% for the combined autoantibody test. In type 2 diabetes, 7.7% and 5.1% tested positive, respectively. 2) Ninety-six percent of ICA-positive patients expressed one or more of the 3 auto-antibody specificities in typicaltype 1 diabetes. Among the 53 ICA-negative patients with typicaltype 1 diabetes, 40% had one or more of these auto-antibodies. In the slowly pregressive type 1 diabetes, 100% of the ICA-positive and 39% of the ICA-negative patients expressed one or more of the 3 autoantibody specificities. 3) Of the 23 patients with ICA-positive typical type 1 diabetes patients, 87% had a positive result for GADA, 48% FOR ICA512A, 44% for phogrin-A, and 96% for GADA or ICA512A. Of the 4 patients with ICA-positive slowly progressive type 1 diabetes, three had a positive result for GADA, and 1 for ICA512A. 4) When the prevalence of combined autoantibody testing was analyzed according to the duration of diabetes, the prevalence in patients tested within 4 years after the diagnosis and more than 4 years after the diagnosis was 61% and 52%, respectively in typical type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, that for the ICA was 37% and 21%, respectively. In the slowly progressive type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of combined auto-antibody testing was 88% and 25%, respectively (p<0.05), while that of ICA was 25% and 13%, respectively. 5) In typical type 1 diabetes, ICA were detected more frequently in patients younger than 15 years of age (48%) than in older patients (23%) (p<0.05), while the prevalence of combined auto-antibody testing -was not different according to the onset age(65% vs 53%). Conclusion : Combined autoantibody testing for GADA and ICA512A is more sensitive that ICA in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, it could replace the laborious ICA measurement and may be useful for discriminating the etiology of adult onset a typical diabetes(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25 :430~445, 2001).

Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics

Gui-Sun Moon,Sun-Woong Kim,Jeong-Ah Shin,Hae-Kyung Wee,Jong Un Park,Myung-Kwan Park,Wonil Chung 현대문법학회 2018 현대문법연구 Vol.99 No.-

Gui-Sun Moon, Sun-Woong Kim, Jeong-Ah Shin, Hae-Kyung Wee, Jong Un Park, Myung-Kwan Park, and Wonil Chung. 2018. Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics. Studies in Modern Grammar 99, 85-115. This paper aims to investigate Korean advanced L2 English learners’ strategies for ellipsis resolution during sentence processing. Ellipsis resolution is known to involve several stages of information processing from the initial step of detecting an ellipsis-licensing element by the parser to the final stage of integrating the ellipsis site with the information retrieved from the antecedent of the ellipsis site. In examining these steps, we have manipulated three factors: (i) TP vs. VP-ellipsis; (ii) two types of discourse coherence relations (resemblance(-contrast) vs. cause-effect relations); (iii) voice match vs. mismatch. We found through the ERP recordings that voice mismatch in TP ellipsis elicited N400, followed by P600, irrespective of discourse coherence relations. In contrast, voice mismatch in VP-ellipsis registered N400 only in resemblance(-contrast) relation, but not in cause-effect relation. These findings lead us to conclude that Korean advanced L2 learners of English seem to undergo the full sequence of processing stages required for ellipsis resolution.

숙시닐화에 따른 참깨박 농축 단백질의 성분 변화

김진아,박정륭,차명화,김진,전정례 동아시아식생활학회 1996 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.6 No.3

Addition of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g of succinic anhydride to 2g of sesame protein concentrates succinylated 44.9, 70.0 and 83.1% of the available amino groups, respectively. Considerable amount of phytate were removed in all sesame protein concentrates and the highest reduction was obtained by addition of 2.0g of succinic anhydride. Among the minerals investigated, high amount of calcium and magnesium were presented in defatted sesame flour. In the case of calcium, magnesium and iron, the contents were decreased as the degree of succinylation was increased. Most amino acid content of sesame protein concentrates was not changed by succinylation but lysine was slightly decreased. Result of color measurement showed that the higher degree of succinylation, the higher values of L and b were founded.

KOSDIC 포맷의 응용수준별 활용모델 개발 : KOSDIC-XML의 개발 제안을 중심으로 Proposing the Development of KOSDIC-XML

김성아,윤기병,이명식,김성식 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.4

This study proposes a methodological framework for extending the KOSDIC format, which has been developed as a standard for construction drawing file exchange. The Ministry of Construction and Transportation, in cooperation with the KICT(Korea Institute of Construction Technology), has recently finished the development of the KOSDIC 1.0, and is now seeking for strategic application scenarios in order to disseminate the KOSDIC format throughout the field works as well as the government institutes. The basic idea is that the KOSDIC format may not be well accepted in favor of legacy CAD systems unless otherwise clear benefits are experienced. Thus, we need first to define the next levels of KOSDIC development based on technical requirement and advances, second, to provide a progressive operation framework which extends the KOSDIC functionalities. Through the investigation of similar research efforts and by applying recent advances in Information Technology area, the authors have formulated futuristic application scenarios of KOSDIC format. Among the suggested methods, this paper presents the proposal of KOSDIC-XML. The KOSDIC-XML is an XML based application framework which extends the KOSDIC format by integrating various web technologies. They include channel based XML technology, Webservice framework, and distributed computing. The result of the research will be used for a theoretical framework KOSDIC-XML schema and its prorotype applications at the next phase of this research.

CO₂아크 용접 근로자의 뇌 MRI 고신호강도 3례

김준연,임현술,정해관,홍영습,이용희,임명아,이중정,김지용,사공준 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

We experienced three cases of high signal intensity observed by Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in CO₂arc welders of steel-frame manufacturing industry. Case 1 was a 35 years old man who has been an CO₂arc welder for 10 years, admitted a sudden onset of tonic clonic seizure. He complained fever, chilling and myalgia since 3 days before admission. On admission, in the test of manganese exposure indices, manganese concentrations of blood, urine and scalp hair were 5.17μg/dl, 22.00μg/l and 31.25ppm respectively. Case 2 was a 35 years old man who has been an CO₂arc welder for 20 years. On admission, he complained fatigue, numbness and weakness of extremities, and decrease of libido. In the test of manganese exposure indices, manganese concentrations of blood, urine and scalp hair were 6.34μg/dl, 14.62μg/l and 57.87 ppm respectively. In neurologic examination, Palmo-mentle reflex and Myerson sign were observed. Case 3 was a 33 years old man who has been an CO₂arc welder for 16 years. On admission, He complained loss of appetite, numbness of extremities, fatigue and decrease of attention. In the test of manganese exposure indices, manganese concentrations of blood, urine and scalp hair were 5.14μg/dl, 13.79μg/l and 50.08 ppm respectively. In neurologic examination, Myerson sign was observed. In brain magnetic resonance imaging. TIWI showed symmetrical high signal intensity in basal ganglia and midbrain of three cases. Authors argued that they were developed by manganese exposure, and we considered that follow up study would be necessary.

서울 일지역 노인의 인지기능과 우울

김명아,김현수,김은정 노인간호학회 2005 노인간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of and identify the associates of cognitive function and depression among people over 65 years of age, and to examine the relationship between cognitive impairment and depression. Method From a total of 1,027 inhabitants, aged over 65 years, in a community in Seoul, 605 were accessible and constituted the subjects. The trained health visitors interviewed all study subjects with a socio-demographic character- istics, the Korean version of Mini Mental Scale Examination instrument (MMSE-K), and Short Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS). Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment (MMSE-K≤24) was 41.4%, and that of depression (GDS≥8) was 20.2%. Female gender, increasing age, lower education, separation by death, and no work experience were associated with cognitive impairment. Lower education, no work experience, and separated by death were associated with depression. Depression in demented group was 43.8%, in suspect dementia group was 19.9%, and in non-demented group was 14.4%. Conclusion The prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression in elderly was high and depression was in association with cognitive impairment.

청소년자녀와 어머니를 위한 세대간 이해증진 프로그램 개발 및 실시

김명자,이정우,계선자,박미선,송말희,김경아,박수선,유을용,정진희 대한가정학회 2003 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.41 No.1

The relationship between adolescent children and parents has a profound effect on not only the adolescents development into healthy adults but also the psychological welfare of the parent. A program focused to improve adolescents relationship with parents has not been developed until now. To achieve the educational goals enhancing mutual understanding, it is more effective to educate both the parents and adolescent childern. Thus, this study developed and carried out a program in which adolescent children and mothers, being fully in charge of raising children, participated. The study analyzed the program effects after implementing on 6 pairs of adolescent children and mothers. The results are as follows: 1) adolescent children and mothers placed high values on the fact that they can understand each other well, 2) both parties accepted each other by recognizing the inevitability of the generation gap, and 3) the program gave them a chance to admit that they should try to communicate openly. Most of all, adolescent children could find self-confidence while mothers could collect valuable data essential to raise children and build a new mother's role model adapting to social changes.

수입 외국산 모발세정용 화장품의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

문정아,문덕환,박명희,안진홍,김종은,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and preventing the health impairment due yo heavy metals in hair cleaner. Methods and Material : The author determined the concentration of heavy metals(Fb, fn, Cr, Ni and Cu) in hair cleaner with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows : 1. The mean concentration of heavy metals in total hair cleaner were 0.046㎍/g for Pt, 0.O67㎍/g for Mn, 0.069㎍/g for Cr, 0.046㎍/g for Ni, and 0.022㎍/g for Cu, respectively. 2. There was not statistically significant difference to mean concentrations of each heavy metal in hair cleaner by producing nation. 3. The highest mean concentration of each heavy metal in hair cleaner by type of use were 0.140㎍/g for Mn in sensitive hair cleaner(p<0.05), 0.053㎍/g for Cu in others products(p<0.01). 4. The mean concentration of heavy metals in hair cleaner by type of hair cleaner were high at 0.O54㎍/g for Pb in shampoo products(p<0.O5), 0.120㎍/g for Cr and 0.06㎍/g for Cu in combination products(p<0.01). 5. The mean concentration of heavy metals in hair cleaner by acidity were high at 0.056㎍/g for Pb, 0.124㎍/g for Cr, and 0.032㎍/g for Cu in alkali products (p<0.05). 6. Correlation coefficient of heavy metal concentration in hair cleaner were 0.175 for Pb and Cr, 0.165 for Pb and Mn, 0.824 for Cr, and Mn, 0.189 for Cr, and Ni, 0.406 for Cr, and Cu, 0.197 for Mn and Ni, and 0.375 for Mn and Cu(p<0.05). 7. Exposure amount of heavy metals per when we used lOg of hair cleaner (onetime using amount) were 0.46㎍ for Pb, 0.67㎍ for Mn, 0.69㎍ for Cr, 0.46㎍ for Ni, and 0.22㎍ for Cu, respectively. Conclusion : As above results, there was very low level concentration of heavy metal in hair cleaner but we are using the hair cleaner everyday, therefore we can exposed to heavy metals as cronic exposure so the author suggest to prepare the program of preventing the health impairment due to heavy metals.

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate에 의한 HL-60 세포 분화유도중 Vimentin 유전자 전사조절에 대한 AP-1의 역할

임규,김진희,권도원,김승민,이명선,윤경아,손미영,박종일,윤완희,황병두 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Purpose: To gain insight on the role of AP-1 in transcriptional regulation of vimentin gene during differentiation of HL-60 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the levels of vimentin mRNA and AP-1 have been investigated with Northern blot hybridization and DNA mobility shift assay. Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum and antibiotics in a humidified 5% CO_(2) at 37°C. Total RNA was prepared by a modification of the method of Karlinsey et al. Northern blot hybridization was performed by the method of Virca et al. EcoRI fragment of pVIM-GEM was used as probe for vimentin mRNA. DNA mobility shift assay was performed by the method of Lim et al. End labeled DNA probe(Upper strand, 5'-CGCTTGATGAGTCAGCCG- 3') for AP-1 binding activity was mixed with nuclear extracts in a 20 μl reaction volume containing 300 mM KC1, 60 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 25 mM MgCl_(2), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 60% glycerol, and 2μg of poly[dI-dC]. Results: TPA increased vimentin mRNA levels, with maximal stimulation reached at 24 hr. The level of vimentin mRNA was induced in proportion to the concentration of TPA. TPA-induced vimentin mRNA was almost reduced by actinomycin-D pretreatment. TPA-induced stimulation of vimentin gene was completely reduced by staurosporin pretreatment. In DNA mobility shift assay, AP-1 newly appeared at 24 hr during TPA-induced differentiation and was almost not detected after the pretreatment of staurosporin. Conclusions: These results suggest that the induction of vimentin mRNA during TPA-dependent differentiation in HL-60 cells may be mediated by protein kinases C signal transduction and AP-1 is important to transcriptional regulation.