현행 중학교 과학 실험·실습교육에 대한 교사들의 견해와 개선방안

이윤종,기우항,김영호,정원우,양승영,강용희,안병호,임성규,윤일희,김중욱,강동진 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

The status of facilities, management of the experiment, practices, and Science education teaching method in middle school have been investigated. The present status and reasonable management of middle school science education have been grasped from the questionaires. The results are as follows : The reasonable management for expeiments and practices of science education were scanty in the middle school around the urban and rural schools owing to the shortage of facilities and equipments, crowded class, excessive classes, work for teachers, excessive contents of present textbook and insufficience of administrative support etc. The current teaching method of middle school science has emphasized knowledge. This fact does not satisfy the objective of learning due to lack of teaching method. Desirable directions for the improvement of present status of middle school science education were proposed in this paper.

급성 단순성 방광염의 경험적 치료로써 Cefcapene Pivoxil의 유효성

이승주,하유신,김현우,조용현 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.3

목적 : 급성 단순성 방광염은 일반적으로 원인균에 대한 그 지역의 항생제 내성조사가 이루어지고 그 결과에 따라 항생제가 경험적으로 처방된다. 하지만 최근 우리나라에서 fluoroquinolone계 항생제에 대한 요로감염 원인균의 내성 증가가 보고되고 있어 그 동안 경험적 1차치료제로 선택되었던 fluoroquinolone계 항생제의 역할에 한계가 보이고 있는 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 급성 단순성 방광염 환자에서 cefcapene pivoxil의 미생물학적, 임상적 유효성 및 안전성을 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 시험은 전향적, 비맹검, 공개, 비비교 임상시험으로 시행되었고 서울지역 2개 종합병원을 방문한 92명의 급성 단순성 방광염 환자에게 cefcapene pivoxil 100 mg을 1일 3회, 5일간 경구 투여하여 1-3일과 2주 후에 추적 관찰하였다. 결과 : 평가가 가능하였던 77명의 환자 중 75명의 환자에서 치료완료 2주 후에 원인균이 제거되어 97.4%의 미생물학적 유효성을 보였으며, 74명의 환자에서 치료 후 증상이 소실되었거나 호전되어 96.1%의 임상적 유효성을 보였다. 약물 관련 이상반응은 8명의 환자에서 나타났으나 이로 인한 치료 중단 사례는 없었으며, 심각한 생화학적 또는 혈액학적 이상반응은 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : Cefcapene 100 mg 1일 3회 5일요법은 미생물학적, 임상적 유효성이 뛰어나며 안전한 치료요법으로 급성단순성 방광염의 경험적 항생제 치료에 적합할 것으로 생각된다. Background : A high prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among uropathogens has been observed in Korea. Since empirical antimicrobial therapy should be guided by the proportion of pathogens resistant to the chosen antibiotic, the limitation of fluoroquinolones as the first empirical choice for acute cystitis is noticed in the clinical setting. The present study was undertaken to determine the susceptibility profiles of urinary isolates to cefcapene pivoxil and assess the clinical efficacy in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. Materials and Methods : The study was a prospective, open label, non-comparative, non-blinded trial. Ninety-two patients with acute, uncomplicated symptomatic cystitis from two hospitals were treated with cefcapene pivoxil 100 mg tid for 5 days and followed up for 2 weeks. Results : Seventy-seven of the 92 patients were evaluated. Bacteriological eradication of initial pathogens was achieved in 97.4% by 2 weeks after therapy termination. Seventy-four of 77 (96.1%) patients were symptomatically cured or improved after completion of therapy. Drug related adverse experiences were seen in 8 patients. None necessitated cessation of therapy. No Significant biochemical or hematological abnormalities occurred. Conclusion : These results demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of empirical 5-day cefcapene pivoxil for acute uncomplicated cystitis.

慶北大學校 敎科課程의 改善에 關한 硏究 : The Case of Kyungpook national University

金容圭,李宇一,朴斗元,李慶燮,韓宗烈 慶北大學校 師範大學 1976 敎育硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

This is the research paper on the curriculum improvement of Kyungpook National University. The curriculum of a college or university is the organized contents of all courses in order to accomplish the educational goals of the higher institution in an effective way. Needless to say, when curriculum is developed, the needs of the society and of the nation where the university is located, should be sufficiently reflected on its development. As an effort toward improving educatioal programs of higher institutions, the Ministry of Education has been encouraging each college or university to engage in the "Pilot Schol Project", a national experimental academic refrom project which was started in 1973 under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Education. In compliance with this policy, Kyungpook National Uuiversity has been not only making its every effort in improving the curriculum by each college within the campus since 1973, but also, continuing its research on the curriculum development in various areas. The research team has been attempted to systematize the direction of the curriculum improvement to meet the needs of the present and of the modern soceity by indicating the particelar characteristics of each college curriculum. This research paper has been focused on testing the validity of the contents of the revised curriculum which covers such areas as the minimum credit hours required for graduation, division making, and sequence of each division, etc.. As a research tool for the purpose of this study, comparative method has been utilized in order to verify the validity of the revised curriculum by means of comparing the above listed items with the current our university curriculum and those of the advanced countries.

고등학교 지구과학 실험·실습 요목 비교 분석

정원우,이윤종,기우항,김영호,양승영,강용희,안병호,임성규,윤일희,김중욱,윤성효,강동진 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1997 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the experimental and practical education in high school earth. The present status and reasonable management of the experimental and practical education in high school earth science have been grasped from the questionaires. To do this, eighty eight earth science teachers in Korea are administered questionaires. The frequency of the experimental and practical items in the seven kind of earth science text books were investigated. The problems and the reasonable management for experimental and practical education were proposed in this paper.

전이 금속 산화물에 대한 원적외선 방사체의 방사 특성

손만식,이용주,백우현 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1991 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.7 No.-

In order to calculate the radiation characterization of Cr_2O_3, MnO_2, Fe_2O_3, C_0O, NiO and CuO transition metal oxides, we calculated spectral emissive power(SEP), integral emissive power(IEP), percentage of integral emissive power, regional emissivity, and total emissivity in the Far Infrared radiator at 523K. As a result, the IEP increased Fe_2O_3[MnO_2[C_0O[Cr_2O_3[NiO[CuO, the regional emissivity increased MnO_2< C_0O<Fe_2O_3<MnO_2<NiO Cr_2O_3<CuO, the total emissivity increased Cr_2O_3 Fe_2O_3<MnO_2<C_0O<NiO<CuO, and the percentage of integral emissive power increased C_0O<CuO<NiO<Fe_2O_3<MnO_2<Cr_2O_3 in the Far Infrared radiator at 523K.

Using Facets of Effective Science Learning Environments to Examine Preservice Elementary Teachers` Observations of Their Clinical Experiences in Korea and the U.S.

( Marilyn Morey ),( Do Yong Park ),( Myon U Lee ) 한국과학교육학회 2012 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.32 No.9

소음성 청력장애에 관한 조사연구

김준언,이채언,문덕환,김진옥,하회영,윤병용,배기택,김용완,전종휘 인제대학교 1982 仁濟醫學 Vol.3 No.2

부산지역 일부 섬유, 고무 및 제강 산업장의 소음 작업부서 종사 근로자들중 6분법에 의한 청력장애(21dB이상)자는 조사대상의 6.30%이었다. Authors surveyed on the status of prevalence and several characters related with the occurrence of noise induced hearing impairment on 2,963 numbers of workers engaged in noisy department of twelve industries which were Textile, Rubber and Steel-Wire in Busan from July 1st, 1980 to September 30th, 1981. The obtained results were as follows: 1.About 90 percent of workers in noisy department engaged in the place of noise level less than 100dB(A). 2.The prevalence of occupational healing loss of workers engaged in noisy department by each level of hearing loss was respectively 5.43 percent at 21dB and above. 2.53 percent at 31dB and above, 0.80 percent at 41dB and above. 3.Workers of noise induced hearing impairment showed typical Cs-dip in Audiogram. 4.About 80 percent and above of workers of noise induced hearing impairment determined hearing loss of 40dB and below. 5.Hearing loss of workers of noise induced hearing impairment increased with aging. 6.Hearing loss of workers of noise induced hearing impairment was in accordance with the duration of employment in 7 years and below. 7.The occurred rate of noise induced hearing impairment using ELI(Early Loss Index) was about 92 percent(D-E scale).

부산지역 공무원 및 교직원의 당뇨병에 관한 역학적 조사연구

배기택,김준연,이채언,문덕환,이승환,김진옥,김용완 인제대학교 1983 仁濟醫學 Vol.4 No.1

조사대상자(공무원 및 교직원) 4,755명에 대한 당뇨병의 유병율은 2.9%(남 3.0%, 여 2.5%)이었으며 연령이 높을수록, 남자에서, 그리고 비만자의 경우, 당뇨병의 유병율이 각각 고율이었다 (P<0.05) Authors surveyed on the prevalence rate of diabetes and several factors related with the occurrence of diabetes on 4,755 numbers of public officials and school personnels in Busan for one year from July, 1982. The obtained results were as follows: 1.The prevalence rate of diabetes among total aubjects was 2.9% (Male 3.0%, Female 2.5%, and it was gradually increased with aging (P < 0.05). 2.The positive rate of lasting urine sugar was 2.7% among total subjects, and the negative rate of diabetic group was 78.3%. 3.The rate of obesity (120% and over of standard body weights in diabetic group wart higher than normal (P<0.05). 4.Among 76 diabetics, 58 (76.3%) numbers were 110mg/dl and over in postprandial 2 hour blood sugar level.

크롬계 탄화물의 분포와 형태가 니켈계 합금 600의 염기응력부식에 미치는 영향

김선재,최종호,성진경,김우곤,박순동,이창규,정용환,국일현,Kim, Seon-Jae,Choe, Jong-Ho,Seong, Jin-Gyeong,Kim, U-Gon,Park, Sun-Dong,Lee, Chang-Gyu,Jeong, Yong-Hwan,Guk, Il-Hyeon 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.8

32$0^{\circ}C$, 40%NaOH 용액의 autoclave에서 약 300wppm의 탄소를 함유하고 있는 15Cr-9Fe-balanced Ni 합금 판상시편에 대해 응력부식 저항성을 조사하였다. 부식시편은 $700^{\circ}C$, 100시간 동안의 열처리로 합금내부에 석출될 수 있는 가능한 한 많은 양의 크롬계 탄화물을 석출시킨 후, 다시 재용해에 의해 크롬계 탄화물의 형태를 조절하는 $800^{\circ}C$-$950^{\circ}C$범위의 최종열처리를 시행하고 급냉시킨 다음 U-자형으로 응력을 가하여 준비되었다. 최종열처리 온도가 올라감에 따라 시편들의 입계응력부식균열(IGSCC ) 전파속도는 $900^{\circ}C$까지는 거의 직선적으로 증가하다가 $950^{\circ}C$에서는 $700^{\circ}C$에서 얻은 값보다도 더 낮게 감소하였다. 즉, 크롬계 탄화물이 재용해되어 그 밀도가 감소함에 따라 IGSCC저항성이 감소하다가 완전히 재용해된 $950^{\circ}C$ 열처리 조건에서 오히겨 가장 큰 IGSCC 저항성을 나타내었다. 이와같은 최조열처리 온도에 따른 니켈계 합금 600의 부식거동은 입계에 존재하는 크롬계탄화물의 형태변화 때문이 아니라 입계에서 탄소-크롬계 탄화물-크롬간의 상평형에 의해 이루어지는 탄소의 입계편석량이 크롬계탄화물이 존재할 때에는 열처리 온도에 따라 증가하다가 그것이 완전히 재용해 되었을 때 가장 낮아지기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

폐경후 여성에서 2개월간의 호르몬대치요법이 혈청 지질과 Apolipoprotein(a)의 농도에 미치는 영향

민용기 ( Min Yong Gi ),장학철 ( Jang Hag Cheol ),이관우 ( Lee Gwan U ),한인권 ( Han In Gwon ),김치정 ( Kim Chi Jeong ) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.2

연구배경 : 폐경후 심혈관질환이 증가하며, 에스트로겐을 투여하면 이으 발생이 현저히 감소한다. Apolipoprotein(a)[apo(a)]는 lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]를 이루고 있는 당단백질이며 Lp(a)는 죽상경화증의 독립적인 위험인자라는 것이 밝혀져 있다. 폐경기 여성의 혈청apo(a)의 농도를 감소시키기 위한 많은 연구들이 있었으나, 호르몬 대치요법이 폐경기 여성의 혈청apo(a)의 농도에 미치는 영향은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이에 저자들은 폐경후 여성에서 2개월간의 에스트로겐 투여에 의한 혈청 지질 및 apo(a)농도의 변화와 이러한 변화에 프로게스토겐 병합요법이 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보고자 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 혈청 FSH 농도가 40mIU/ml 이상이거나, 마지막 월경후 12개월 이상이 경과된 여성 272명을 대상으로 하였다. 자궁적출술을 시행하지 않은 여성은 무작위로 group A와 group B의 2군으로 나누어 group A는 25일 간 conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625mg과 후반 10일간 medroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA) 10mg을 병합 투여하였다. Group B는 25일간 CEE 0.625mg과 후반 10일간 MPA 5mg을 병합 투여하였다. 자궁적출술을 시행한 group C는 CEE 0.625mg 만을 25일간 경구 투여하였다. 각 group에서 이후 5일간은 투약을 중지하였으며 이를 매월 반복하였다. 혈청 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도지단백질 콜레스테롤, 초저밀도지단백질 콜레스테롤, 고밀도지단백질 콜레스테롤, apo(a)의 농도를 측정하여 치료전후를 비교하였다. 결과 : 혈청 총콜레스테롤의 농도는 치료전 group A, B, C에서 각각 5.42±0.09mmol/L, 5.59±0.09mmol/L, 5.53±0.13mmol/L 이었고 2개월간의 호르몬대치요법후 group A, B에서 각각 4.93±0.08mmol/L, 5.22±0.08mmol/L로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p=0.001). 혈청 저밀도지단백질 콜레스테롤의 농도는 치료전 group A, B, C에서 각각 3.29±0.07mmol/L, 3.41±0.07mmol/L, 3.40±0.10mmol/L 이었고 치료후 group A, B. C에서 각각 3.00±0.06mmol/L(p=0.0001), 3.14±0.06mmol/L, (p=0.0001) 3.18±0.12mmol/L(p=0.05)로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청 고밀도지단백질 콜레스테롤의 농도는 치료전 group A, B, C에서 각각 1.72±0.04mmol/L, 1.75±0.04mmol/L, 1.69±0.06mmol/L 이었고 치료후 group C에서만 1.90±0.07mmol/L로 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p=0.0001). 혈청 중성 지방의 농도는 치료전 group A, B, C에서 각각 1.45±0.08mmol/L, 1.54±0.08mmol/L, 1.68±0.15mmol/L 이었고 치료후 group A, B, C에서 모두 통계적으로 유의한 변화는 없었다. 혈청 초저밀도지단백질 콜레스테롤의 농도는 group A, B, C에서 각각 치료전 0.39±0.03mmol/L, 0.40±0.03mmol/L, 0.45±0.05mmol/L 이었고 치료후 group A, B에서 각각 0.30±0.02mmol/L(p=0.0001), 0.34±0.03mmol/L(p<0.05)로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청 apo(a) 농도는 group A, B, C에서 각각 치료전 357.5±33.2U/L, 348.7±28.22U/L, 376.8±54.2U/L 이었고 치료후 group A, B, C에서 각각 264.7±26.1U/L, 291.0±31.8U/L, 228±47.4U/L로 모든 group에서 통게적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p=0.0001). 결론 : 폐경후 여성에게 호르몬 대치법을 시행하는 것은 혈청 지질과 apo(a)에 유익한 효과를 보이고 있으며, 따라서 심혈관질환 예방의 중요성을 감안할 때 폐경후 여성에게 호르몬대치요법을 시행하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료된다. Background : Postmenopausal women have a high risk of cardiovascular disease than premenopausal women and hormone replacement therapy [HRT] reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein(a)[apo(a)] is attached by disulfide linkage to apo B-100 of LDL, forming lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]. The level of this lipoprotein is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The serum level of apo(a) is stable and not affected by most dietary interventions and lipid lowering agents. There was little information available about the effect of HRT on levels of Lp(a). This study was conducted to assess the effect of HRT on serum lipids and apo(a) levels in postmenopausal women. Methods : Postmenopausal women with serum FSH level above 40mIU/ml or no menstruation for more than I year were included in the study. They received the combination of conjugnated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625mg a day for 25 days plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 10mg(group A)or 5mg (group B) a day for the last 10 days followed by 5 days off. Hysterectomized women received CEE 0.625mg a day for 25 days (group C). HRT was repeated for 2 months. The baseline levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and apo(a) were compared with posttreatment levels. Results : Serum total cholesterol levels before treatment were 5.42±0.09mmol/L, 5.59±0.09mmol/L, 5.53±0.13mmol/L in group A, B, C respectively. After HRT they were significantly reduced to 4.93±0.08mmo/L, 5.22±0.08mmol/L in group A, B respectively (p=0.0001). Serum LDL cholesterol levels before treatment were 3.29±0.07mmol/L, 3.41±0.07mmol/L, 3.40±0.10mmol/L in gruop A, B, C respectively. After HRT they were significantly reduced to 3.00±0.06mmol/L (p=0.0001). 3.14±0.06mmol/L(p=0.0001), 3.18±0.13mmol/L(p=0.05) in gruop A, B, C respectively. Serum HDL cholesterol levels before treatment were 1.72±0.04mmol/L, 1.75±0.04mmol/L, 1.69±0.06mmol/L in gruop A, B, C respectively. After HRT they were significantly increased to 1.90±0.07mmol/L in gruop C (p=0.0001). Serum triglyceride levels before treatment were 1.45±0.08mmol/L, 1.54±0.08mmol/L, 1.68±0.15mmol/L in gruop A, B, C respectively. After HRT they were not significantly changed. Serum VLDL cholesterol levels before treatment were 0.39±0.03mmol/L, 0.40±0.03mmol/L, 0.45±0.05mmol/L in gruop A, B, C respectively. After HRT they were significantly reduced to 0.30±0.02mmol/L(p=0.0001), 0.34±0.03mmol/L (p<0.05) in gruop A, B respectively. Serum apo(a) levels before treatment were 357.5±33.2U/L, 348.7±28.2U/L, 376.8±54.2U/L in group A, B, C repectively. After HRT they were significantly reduced to 264.7±26.1U/L, 291.0±31.8U/L, 228.8±47.4U/L in group A, B, C reapectively (p=0.0001) Conclusion : These results suggest that HRT for 2 months in postmenopausal women has beneficial effect on serm lipids and apo(a) levels and HRT in postmenopausal women can improve their cardiovascular risk.