In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Cleavage in Canine Oocytes

Hae }ung Kim,Sang Ryeul Lee,Sin Hae Park,Sung Hyun Kim,Bong Soo Kim,Dong Hun Yoo,Sin Hae Park,Mi Jung Shin,Jae Wook Kim,Zae Young Ryoo 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2006 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.30 No.2

형제 유·무에 따른 성격특성의 비교

박경숙,박정인,이정림,조혜정 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1985 婦學 Vol.18 No.-

The aim of this research was to make a comparative analysis of personality traits among children with more than 2 siblings, with only 1 sibling, and those without siblings. The subjects were 117 pupils in the 5th grade, selected from 4 elementary schools in Seoul. The instrument for the study was a standardized personality inventory developed by Bum Mo Chung. The data were analysed with two­way analysis of variance in which the independent variables were sex and the number of siblings. The major results were: ⑴ the personality traits of the children were influenced more by sex differences than by the number of siblings, and ⑵ the personality of the boys was found to be more active, impulsive, and dominant than that of the girls, while the personality of the girls was more reflective than that of the boys.

청소년의 스마트폰 중독과 우울 및 불안과의 관계

김경은,김필송,민주연,박수경,신서인,이지은,정해인,조호정,최정원,최정인 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the degree of smart phone addiction among adolescents and their depression and anxiety levels. Method: In this study, 379 high school students were selected using the convenient sampling method. The instruments used for this study were smart phone addiction measure, the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), and the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for smart phone addiction was 40.45±17.27, depression was 36.56±9.58, state anxiety was 44.00±9.61, and trait anxiety was 45.70±9.75. There were significant differences between the degree of smart phone addiction and the following variables: gender (t=-4.953, p<.001), hours of smart phone use per day (F=12.259, p<.001), types of frequently used features (F=3.485, p=.008), and satisfaction level for smart phone (F=5.18, p<.001). There were statistically significant relationships (p<.001) among degree of smart phone addiction, depression level, and state and trait anxiety levels. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that there was a significant relationship between smart phone addiction and mental health, specifically, depression and anxiety among adolescents. Further research is needed to develop nursing strategies to provide care for adolescents who frequently utilize smart phones.

농촌지역 노인들의 인지기능 장애와 사망과의 관련성

선병환,박경수,나백주,박요섭,남해성,신준호,손석준,이정애,Sun, Byeong-Hwan,Park, Kyeong-Soo,Na, Baeg-Ju,Park, Yo-Seop,Nam, Hae-Sung,Shin, Jun-Ho,Sohn, Seok-Joon,Rhee, Jung-Ae 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.3

60세이상 노인인구를 대상으로 '농촌지역 노인들의 우울 및 인지기능 장애에 관한 연구'를 한 이정애와 정향균의 연구대상 558명에 대해 농촌지역 노인들의 인지기능 장애와 사망과의 관련성을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 3년동안 동안 전체 대상자의 사망률은 558명중 57명인 10.2%이었으며 353명의 정상 인지기능군 중 사망자는 30명으로 사망률 8.5%, 126명 의 경도 인지장애군중 사망자는 14명으로 사망률 11.1%, 79명의 중증 인지장애군중 사망자는 13명으로 사망률 16.5% 이었다(표 3). 2) 3년동안 전체 연구 대상자의 생존율은 0.91이었으며 정상, 경도, 중증 인지기능 장애군의 3년 생존율은 각각 0.92, 0.90, 0.86이었다. 로그 순위 검정법으로 인지기능 정상군과 경도 및 중증의 각 인지기능 장애군의 생존곡선을 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 인지기능 정상군과 경도 이상의 인지기능 장애군간 생존곡선을 비교한 결과도 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 혼란변인을 보정하지 않는 Cox의 비례위험 회귀 모형의 단변량분석의 결과 95% 신뢰구간(C.I. : Confidence Interval)에서 사망위험도가 유의한 변인은 연령, 월수입, 흡연습관, 신체장애 등이었으며, 인지기능 장애정도를 정상 그리고 경도 및 중증으로 분류한 분석에서는 정상군에 비해 경도 및 중증의 사망위험도가 유의하게 높지 않았으나, 인지기능 점수(MMSEK score)의 증가에 따른 분석 결과 사망위험도가 0.94로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(표 4). 4) 잠재적 혼란변인들의 영향을 보정한 Cox의 비례위험 회귀모형의 다변량 분석의 결과 인지기능 장애정도 및 MMSEK 점수증가에 따른 사망위험도는 어느 모형에서도 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 위험도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(표 5). 5) 남녀별로 각각 인지기능 장애와 사망위험도와의 관계를 알아보기 위해 다변량 분석을 시행한 결과 인지기능 장애정도 및 MMSEK 점수 증가에 따른 사망위험도는 어느 모형에서도 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 위험도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(표 6, 표 7). 이상 본 연구는 농촌지역 노인들에서 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였지만, 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 통계적으로 유의하게 고찰하지 못하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the mortality risk associated with cognitive impairment among the rural elderly. The subjective of study was 558 of 'A Study on the Depression and Cognitive Impairment in the Rural Elderly' of Jung Ae Rhee and Hyang Gyun Jung's study(1993). Cognitive impairment and other social and health factors were assessed in 558 elderly rural community residents. For this study, a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSEK) was used as a global indicator of cognitive functioning. And mortality risk factors for each cognitive impairment subgroup were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. At baseline 22.6% of the sample were mildly impaired and 14.2% were severely impaired. As the age increased, the cognitive function was more impaired. Sexual difference was existed in the cognitive function level. Also the variables such as smoking habits, physical disorders had the significant relationship with cognitive function impairment. Across a 3-year observation period the mortality rate was 8.5% for the cognitively unimpaired, 11.1% for the mildly impaired, and 16.5% for the severly impaired respendents. And the survival probability was .92 for the cognitively unimpaired, .90 for the mildly impaired, and .86 for the severly impaired respondents. Compared to survival curve for the cognitively unimpaired group, each survival curve for the mildly and the severely impaired group was not significantly different. When adjustments models were not made for the effects of other health and social covariates, each hazard ratio of death of mildly and severely impaired persons was not significantly different as compared with the cognitively unimpaired. But, as MMSEK score increased, significantly hazard ratio of death decreased. Employing Cox univariate proportional hazards model, statistically other significant variables were age, monthly income, smoking habits, physical disorders. Also when adjustments were made for the effects of other health and social covariates, there was no difference in hazard ratio of death between those with severe or mild impairment and unimpaired persons. And as MMSEK score increased, significantly hazard ratio of death did not decrease. Employing Cox multivariate proportional hazards model, statistically other significant variables were age, monthly income, physical disorders. Employing Cox multivariate proportional hazards model by sex, at men and women statistically significant variable was only age. For both men and women, also cognitive impairment was not a significant risk factor. Other investigators have found that cognitive impairment is a significant predictor of mortality. But we didn't find that it is a significant predictor of mortality. Even though the conclusions of our study were not related to cognitive impairment and mortality, early detection of impaired cognition and attention to associated health problems could improve the quality of life of these older adults and perhaps extend their survival.

객체지향성 웹 모델 프로세서 설계에 대한 연구

정혜옥,양동일,남윤성,박순희,최형진 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 정보통신논문지 Vol.10 No.-

UML is able to visualize and specialize the output of the system center of the software, and able to connect to various languages and is constructed by engineering/re-engineering. Also, UML is a standard Modeling Language that aims at the documentation. Recently Web Application System is quickly popular and gigantic, it's possible to do modeling using UML which is the method of Object-Oriented analysis and design and simplify the complex developing course of software. In this paper, we suggest the 『Post Seminar System』 model for instance Object-Oriented Web Application which can increase the efficiency of businesses through of exchanging information with members. We constitute web application by separating it into 3 steps such as View class which takes full charge of Screen Presentation, controller which plays the role of connecting ring and divergence of View class and Model class, and Model class that takes charge in the gear with the Application Logic and DB applying MVC model which has considerable merit in developing and maintaining the web application.

國際比較分析을 통한 韓國勞使關係의 方向探索

朴來榮,丁海本,李 均,林昌喜 홍익대학교 경제연구소 1989 經濟硏究 Vol.5 No.-

왜율개선과 동거제어를 위한 이산제어에 의한 UPS의 제어에 관한 알고리즘의 구현에 관한 연구

박해암,조정래 광주보건대학 1994 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Recently UPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply) systems are widly used in a variety of fields as a highly reliable power source. But most of an UPS has a dual structure using analog circuits, digital or micro-processor for PWM and phase synchronous controller. We present algorithm and technique using a discrete control even amplitude and synchronous for an UPS in this paper. The proposed system in this paper is composed of a ROM, an A/D converter, a CTC, and a control S/W. The amplitude controller consists of the ROM written modulation index from 0.75 to 0.99 of the PWM data and the A/D converter as an error voltage detector. A timmer and counter mode of the CTC is used a controller for a phase synchronous. We have simulated the algorithm and technique by using an IBM PC/386(40MHz) as a controller, and have obtained the lower distortion and the fast response on synchronous driving as a result. From this result, we recognized that the proposed algorithm and technique is able to apply for an UPS system using only discrete control. This has an advantage in a manufacturing system, because it is able to be used at a flexible and widly applicative operation range by an adjusting a control program.

대구시 대기오염물질 배출량 산정에 관한 연구

박명희,김해동,홍정혜 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Urnban air quality is usually worse than that of rural counterpart. The contrasting atmospheric properties seem to be direct results of different urban-rural air pollutant emission. Hence, the emission estimation of air pollutants plays an important role to the atmospheric environmental management. The main purpose of this study is to find out the temporal and spatial distribution of air pollutant emission in Daegu area. For the study, the Daegu statistical yearbook and data waste facilities and the report on traffic survey issued by Daegu metrpolitan city and the statistical yearbook on the road capacity issued by the ministry of construction and transportation are used. Each item for the emission estimation is SO_2, CO, HC, NO_??, PM-10 from point, line and area source. The result were as follows; (1) The air pollutants with the highest amount of emission from the emission source is Co fllowed by NO_??, SO_2, PM-10, HC in descending order of magnitude. (2) The annually totaled air pollutant emission consists of 81%(73,185 ton/year) of line, 11%(9.589% ton/year) of area and 8%(7,445 ton/year) of point source in Daegu. Air polluant emission was mainly due to line sources. (3) High-emission of the air pollutants of line source appeared ariond Bukgu, Dalseonggun, Dongu and seogu ; the areas with highway networks.

미세혈관 협심증 환자의 임상상 및 지표에 관한 연구

박상호,온영근,김현정,이태훈,길효욱,김현건,박수진,송해정,한대희,방덕원,신원용,이내희,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background : Microvascular angina or syndrom X is heterogenous and encompasses different pathogenetic entities. Several studies suggest that microvascular angina have good prognosis and occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women. Lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, CRP and fibrinogen are the independent risk factor of acute coronary syndrome and are the chief underlying cause of atherosclerosis. We investigated clinical characteristics and markers in patients with microvascular angina. Methods : We studies 23 patients diagnosed with microvascular angina and 16 control group with negative treadmill exercise test and no significant coronary angiogram. We investigated clinical characteristics in patients group and evaluated symptom during a follow-up period of 4.2± 2.5 month. Exercise time in treadmill exercise test was compared between patients and control group. We assessed the level of markers, such as lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, CRP and ESR in two groups. Results : There is no difference in age between two groups. Patients group had a tendency to increase in female, hypertension, DM, and smoking history, but there was no statistical significance difference. Exercise duration time was significantly decreased in patients with microvascular angina (p<0,05). Serum lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, Triglyceride, ESR, Fibrinogen and Homocystein value were no significant difference between microvascular angina and control group. Only CRP was significantly high in patients with microvascular angina (p<0.05). Conclusion : There was no statistical significance difference in age, sex, hypertension, DM and smoking history between two groups but patients group had a tendency to increase the prevalence in hypertension, DM and smoking history, female. Also, Symptom improvement and disappearance in follow-up was presented in 11 patients of 19(57.9%). Exercise tolerance was worse in patients group than control group. CRP value was significantly higher in patients group than control group. There was no statistical significance difference in lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, ESR and Fibrinogen between two groups.

정상인에서 양가감정과 관련되 뇌 영역 : 양전자방출단층촬영 상관 연구

정영철,석정호,전지원,박해정,이종두,김재진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.3

Objectives : The present study investigated the brain regions that correlate with ambivalence in schizotypy, a latent personality organization that is proposed to precede and contribute to the liability of developing schizophrenia. Methods : Using ^(18)F-FDG PET scan, we investigated the brain activity of twenty one normal healthy subjects during the resting state. Questionnaires, including the Korean Version of Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (K-SAS), were administrated after the scan in order to assess the self-rated individual differences in ambivalence. Results : The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (SAS) scores showed positive correlation with the metabolic rates in the left parahippocampal gyrus and the fornix. In contrast, the Ambivalence over Expression of Emotion Questionnaire (AEQ) scores showed negative correlation with the metabolic rates in the right putamen. Although scores of the two ambivalence scales Correlated positively (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.477, p<0.050), there was no substantial overlap between the neural correlates. Conclusion : This study suggests that the hippocampal complex, which dysfunction has been reported to correlate with impaired information processing in schizophrenia, may underlie schizotypal ambivalence.