Vegetation change and emerging research feedback for Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER)

Cho, Yong-Chan,Lee, Chang-Seok,Cho, Hyun-Je,Lee, Kyu-Song,Park, Pil-Sun The Ecological Society of Korea 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.1

Various responses of forest ecosystems to climate change underscore the need to improve our understanding of the environmentally-driven changes in forests, most effectively by long-term monitoring protocols. We have explored vegetation dynamics based on changes in community structure, species composition, diversity and demographics in four Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) sites--Mt. Nam, Mt. Jeombong, Mt. Worak, and Mt. Jiri--between 2004 and 2009. Most of the sites and forests studied exhibited increments in total basal area, but this was not observed in Quercus mongolica forests in Mt. Nam and Mt. Worak. Stem density exhibited various changes. Altitude gradient was the representative factor in differences in species composition. Two patterns of compositional change--convergence and divergence--were detected. The vegetation of Mt. Nam and Q. mongolica community of Mt. Work showed relatively larger changes in composition. However, in the other sites, few changes were observed. Changes of species richness were not notable except for Mt. Nam, where three species were added in the pine forest, whereas one species disappeared in the oak forest. In the oak forests, mortality rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (25.5%), Mt. Jeombong (24.3%), Mt. Worak (16.4%) and Mt. Jiri (0.8%). In the pine forest, the recruitment rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (63.7%), Mt. Worak (12.9%), Mt. Jeombong (7.6%) and Mt. Jiri (7.3%). The mortality rate and change rate of basal area were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.9, P = 0.002), and the recruitment rate and change rate of density were positively correlated (r = 0.77, P = 0.026). In the KNLTER sites, larger vegetation changes were attributed to anthropogenic activities such as salvage logging. Suppression or competition for resources would also affect these changes. Research suggestions such as monitoring to clarify the causes of species mortality were discussed.

만성 혈류 감소시 총경동맥의 조직학적 변화와 동맥 내피세포의 역할

이규호,이규창 연세대학교 의과대학 1987 연세의대논문집 Vol.20 No.2

폐경전후 및 폐경후 골감소에서 호르몬대체요법과 Fluocalcic Effervescent® 병합치료 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 생화학 지표의 변화

어완규,이창원 고신대학교 의학부 2004 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

Background: Sodium fluoride stimulates bone formation and has been used to treat osteoporosis for decades despite debate about the antifracture efficacy. For women with low bone mass, the ideal therapy should not only inhibit bone resorption but simultaneously stimulate bone formation to increase the bone mass, the ideal therapy should not only inhibit bone resorption but simultaneously stimulate bone formation to increase the bone mass above the fracture threshold. We thus performed an intervention study to investigate the effect of a low dose fluoride prospectively, in combination with HRT, on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Methods: Thirty perimenopausal or postmenopausal osteopenic women were enrolled, and were treated with Fluocalcic effervescent® (disodium monofluorophophate [MFP] 100㎎ + calcium carbonate 1,250 ㎎) 1 tablet BID and conjugated equine estrogen (HRT) 0.625㎎ QD for 12 months in Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital from January 2001 to December 2002. BMD and chemical markers of bone turnover, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, and urine deoxypyridinoline(DPD), were evaluated before and 12 months after starting treatment. Results: Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, and urine DPD after 12 months were not significantly different from those of pre-treatment values. The post-treatment BMD's but they were not correlated with all the pretreatment chemical markers of bone metabolism. Changes of the BMD of L2-L4 were not correlated with the changes of chemical markers except urine DPD. Pretreatment markers, BMD of L2-L4 , serum osteocalcin, serum alkaline phosphatase, and FSH were correlated with changes in BMD of L2-L4. There was no chemical markers correlated with the change in BMD of femoral neck. Conclusion: Twelve-month treatment with MFP and HRT was not associated with improvement in BMD. Pretreatment markers, BMD of L2-L4, serum osteocalcin, serum alkaline phosphatase, and FSH may predict changes in the BMD of L2-L4.

자폐아동의 기본운동교육프로그램 참가가 지각운동능력발달에 미치는 영향

이창섭,이명휘,현광석,이창규,조병준 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine how the program of basic movement can influence and change the capability of perceptive movement among the children with autism. Four subjects (age3-5) participated in the specially designed program, three times a week for four weeks. For the purpose of this study, Oseretsky's Motor Development Test and PMDT(perception-Movement development Diagnosis Test) were used. The results were as follows; First, the upper limb performance of the children with autism showed significant changes by the movement education program. Second, along with the development of upper limb performance, the motor development index of the children with autism showed significant changes. Third, the Oseretsky spectrum of movement, of the children with autism responded to the order of mono-movement capability, hand-movement and co-operative movement. Fourth, the movement education program was more effective for the children with autism than for the retarded children in view of motor development capability. Fifth, the movement education program was more effective for the child with autism of multi-movement characteristics.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

Analysis of Research Trends in Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Upland in Korea

Sun-Il Lee,Chang-Kyu Lee,Gun-Yeob Kim,Hyo-Suk Gwon,Jong-Sik Lee,Eun-Jung Choi,Joung-Du Shin 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Global climate change, especially global warming is considered as threat to our future and posterity. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are the main causes of global warming. The Korean government has set a goal to cut the carbon emissions by 37% based on business-as-usual levels by 2030. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), agricultural sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, it is common belief that reducing of such emission is of great significance to global climate change. In Korea, upland is one of the main sources of agricultural N₂O emission. In order to analyze domestic research trends related to N₂O emissions in the upland, 53 academic publications from 2009 to September 2019 were critically reviewed. The results were classified according to the research purposes. Reduction technologies of N₂O emission account for approximately 28.3%. N₂O characteristics and assessment for 24.5%, development of N₂O emission factors for 22.6%, and N₂O inventory assessment for 20.8% etc. Biochar, green manure, no tillage, and inhibitor were studied as a means of reducing N₂O release. The optimum technologies to reduce N₂O emission in Korea were discussed and proposed through the previous researches.

암세포 증식에 대한 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염의 영향

김명성 ( Myung Sung Kim ),이완식 ( Wan Sik Lee ),박창환 ( Chang Hwan Park ),주영은 ( Young Eun Joo ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),최성규 ( Sung Kyu Choi ),유종선 ( Jong Sun Rew ),정영도 ( Young Do Jung ),김세종 ( Sei Jong Kim ),안봉환 대한내과학회 2006 대한내과학회지 Vol.71 No.3

목적: YB-1은 PCNA, DNA 중합효소 및 MDR 유전자 등의 전사인자로 작용한다. YB-1 유전자는 정상 어른의 간에서는 발현되지 않지만 태아의 간이나 재생 중인 간에서는 발현이 현저히 증가되어서 세포의 증식과 밀접한 관련이 있음이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 YB-1 유전자의 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 이용하여 YB-1의 발현을 억제함으로써 암세포 증식을 차단 할 수 있는지를 실험하고 암치료를 위한 유전자 요법으로서의 가능성을 알아보았다. 방법: 세포주로는 Chang liver, HepG2, CT-26 세포를 사용하였고, 사람의 정상세포로는 섬유아세포와 내피세포가 혼재된 조직을 사용하였다. YB-1 유전자의 안티센스 올리고핵산염으로는 YB-1 cDNA의 변역 시작 부위에 상보적인 21mer 올리고핵산염을 제작하여 사용하였다. 세포의 성장은 MTT assay를 이용하였고, 유전자 발현은 Northern blot으로 분석하였으며, 세포주기 변화는 propidium iodide로 염색하여 유식세포분석기로 분석하였다. 동물실험에서는 CT-26 세포를 1.0×10(5)개씩 Balb/c 생쥐의 피하에 접종하여 종양을 유도하였다. 종양이 유도된 Balb/c 생쥐에 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 꼬리정맥이나 종양조직에 주사한 후 종양의 크기를 측정하여 종양억제 효과를 관찰하였다. 결과: YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염은 CT-26 세포에서는 50 nM 이상 농도에서 Chang liver와 HepG2 세포에서는 10 nM 이상 농도에서 세포주의 성장을 강하게 억제하였지만 정상 조직세포의 성장에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 DOTAP에 담지한 경우 세포성장 억제에 미치는 효과가 안티센스 올리고핵산염 단독 처치 보다 강하였다. 이때 YB-1의 발현은 증식이 억제된 세포주(Chang liver 및 CT-26)에서는 감소하였으나 정상조직세포에서는 변화가 없었다. 증식이 억제된 세포주에서 세포주기를 살펴보면 초기에 S phase가 감소함을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 꼬리정맥이나 종양조직에 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 주입 시 종양의 크기가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 이상의 실험 결과 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염은 암세포의 성장을 저해하며 종양 동물모델에서 종양의 성장을 억제할 수 있음을 시사하였다. Background: Human YB-1 is a transcription factor that binds to the inverted CCAAT box in the promoter region of a variety of genes such as PCNA, DNA polymerase and MDR. In this study we evaluated the effect of YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides on tumor cell growth. Methods: Chang liver, HepG2 and CT-26 cells were cultured as immortalized cell lines. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Northern blot and flow cytometric analyses were used to determine cell growth, gene expression and cell cycle changes. In an animal model, CT-26 cells were injected into Balb/c mice to induce tumor; YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides were injected into the tail vein or tumor tissue of the mice; change of tumor size was then measured. Results: Phosphorothioated YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides suppressed the proliferation of the immortalized liver cells (Chang liver cells) and a variety of cancer cells (HepG2 and CT-26 cells); however, it did not inhibit normal cell growth. The DOTAP/antisense oligonucleotide mixture showed stronger effects on cell proliferation than did the antisense oligonucleotide alone. The YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide decreased specific expression of the YB-1 mRNA in the immortalized cancer cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the inhibition of cell proliferation might have been due to a decrease in the S phase of the cell cycle. We found that in an animal tumor model, the administration of the YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide, in the vein or tumor tissues, decreased the tumor size significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that the YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide may inhibit growth of a variety of cancer cells.(Korean J Med 71:293-301, 2006)

무증상 갑상선기능저하증 환자에서 Thyroxine 치료에 따른 혈청 지질 및 아포지단백의 변화

조보연,신찬수,김원배,고창순,김성연,박혜영,박건상,이홍규,박형규,김숙경 대한내분비학회 1996 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.11 No.1

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) is a common biochemical abnormality which can be found in routine screening tests of thyroid function. We are increasingly faced with the question of whether its an indication for thyroxine replacement therapy. The effect of thyroxine replacement on lipid profile in SCH has aroused a great interest because of an association of overt hypothyroidism(OVH) with hyperlipidemia and increased risk of coronary artery disease. Method: We prospectively evaluated the changes in lipids and apoproteins before and after thyroxine replacement therapy in 23 patients with SCH and in 37 patients with OVH. We measured serum total cholesterol and triglyceride using autoanalyzer, high density lipoprotein(HDL) chole-sterol by dextran sulfate method, Apo A1 and Apo B by immunonephelometric assay. Results: Thyroxine replacement therapy significantly decreased total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol and apo B levels, but did not affect the level of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol or apo AI in patients with OVH. In SCH, thyroxine replacement therapy with the doses to normalize serum TSH concentrations also decreased significantly the level of cholesterol and LDL cholesterol albeit apo B levels did not change. Moreover, in most of patients with OVH (11 of 12) and in all of patients with SCH(5 of 5) who had had hyperchlesterolemia before treatment, thyroxine replament normalized their cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: In regard to the beneficial changes in blood lipid levels, patients with SCH should be treated, especially in cases who have other risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. If thyroxine replacement only will reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease in SCH remains to be elucidated by long-term prospective studies(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 11:41-51, 1996).

연구개 및 구개수에 발생한 편평세포암종

이승호,이성훈,김기영,김창룡,박문성,류선열,조규승 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.4

Carcinoma of the mouth accounts for approximately 5% of all carcinomas occurring in man. Carcinoma of the oral cavity develops as a result of invasion of malignant epithelial cells through the normally intact basal cell layer into subcutaneous and submucosal tissuse. The sofe palate and uvula may be involved in oral cancer but are not common sites. Early lesions of soft palate carcinoma appear as red, white, or mixed changes in the mucosa. The earliest symptom is mild sore throat. Advanced lesions interfer with swallowing and may cause a voice change. Although surgical method of soft palate carcinoma is successful, prognosis is relatively poor to swallowing and speech problem. Occasionally marginal recurrence may be developed. This article reports a case of squamous cell carcinoma occurred unusually in the soft palate and uvula. The case was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, local radicalexcision and postoperative irradiation. Patient was followed up for 2 years. There was no tumor recurrence. The overall result including function was satisfactory.

형상기억복합재료에 대한 온라인 모니터링 시스템 개발

이동화,박영철,이민래,이동화,이규창 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.1

형상기억복합재료를 제조하기 위하여 핫프레스 방법을 이용하여 최적의 제조조건을 도출하였으며 냉간압연에 의해 기지재와 강화재의 계면접합을 강화하여 강도를 증가시켰다. 이러한 방법에 의해 제조된 형상기억복합재료에 대하여 외부 하중에 의한 손상정도와 균열의 발생을 감지하여 균열 발생 및 진전을 억제하는 온라인 모니터링 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 음향방출 신호의 파라미터를 이용하여 손상에 따른 최적의 AE 파라미터를 도출하였으며 가열시스템을 이용하여 형상기억합금을 가열함으로써 형상기억합금의 수축에 의한 복합재료 내부에 균열진전을 억제시키는 시스템을 개발하였다. A hot press method was use for the optimal manufacturing condition for a shape memory alloy(SMA) composite. The bonding between the matrix and the reinforcement within the SMA composite by the hot press mothod was strengthened by cold rolling. In this study, the objective was to develop an on-line monitoring system for the prevention of the crack initiation and propagation by shape memory effect of SMA composite. Shape memory effect was used to prevent the SMA composite from cracking. For the system to be developed, an optimal AE parameter should be determined based on the degree of damage and crack initiation. When the SMA composite was heated by the plate heater attached at the composite, the propagating cracks appeared to be controlled by the compressive force of SMA.