저에너지 수소 이온빔을 이용한 polytetrafluoroethylene 표면 개질

이정환,김동환,여운정,한영건,조준식,김현주,고석근,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Yeo, Woon-Jung,Han, Young-Gun,Cho, Jun-Sik,Kim, Hyun-Joo,Koh, Seok-Jeun 한국진공학회 2006 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.15 No.6

PTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene) 표면에 저에너지 이온빔을 조사함으로써 그의 물성을 개질하여 금속과의 접착력을 향상시켰다. 이온 조사로 인한 표면 형상 변화를 최소화하기 위하여 수소 이온을 사용하였다. 이온빔을 발생시키기 위하여 냉음극관 이온소스를 사용하였으며 사용된 이온빔의 종류는 수소 이온이고 이와 비교하기 위하여 아르곤 이온도 사용하였다. 다양한 이온 조사량에서 실험을 행하였으며 표면 처리 효과를 촉진시키기 위하여 산소 분위기 가스를 사용하였다. 처리된 PTFE와 처리하지 PTFE는 물과의 접촉각 (water contact angle) 측정, SEM 표면 이미지 관찰 등으로 평가하였고, 표면 물성 및 금속 박막과의 접착력을 알아보기 위하여 구리 박막을 증착한 후 반사율 측정 및 접착력 테스트를 수행하였다. 고분자 표면 처리에 많이 사용되는 산소 분위기 가스를 넣어주면 서 아르곤 이온빔 조사를 수행한 경우는 $1\times10^{16}\;ions/cm^2$부터 금속과의 접착력이 확보되었으나 SEM표면 관찰 결과 그의 표면이 침상 형상으로 변함을 알 수 있었다. 수소 이온으로 PTFE표면 개질을 수행하면 표면 형상은 변하지 않았으나 접착력 또한 증가하지 않았다. 그러나 수소 이온 조사시 산소 분위기 가스를 사용하면 $5\times10^{16}\;ions/cm^2$ 부터 접착력이 향상되었으며 표면도 침상형상으로 변하지 않았다. PTFE 표면 위에 구리 박막 증착 후 반사도 측정함으로써 수소 이온과 산소 분위기 가스를 사용한 경우가 표면 물성이 아르곤 이온을 사용하였을 때 보다 더 우수함을 확인하였다. 다양한 산소 유량에서 수소 이온을 조사한 결과 표면 형상 및 접착력은 산소 유량에 많이 의존함을 확인하였고 따라서 적당한 산소 분위기 가스 유량에서 수소 이온을 PTFE 표면에 조사한다면 금속과의 높은 접착력 및 우수한 표면 물성을 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Surface modification of PTFE by ion irradiation was performed to improve its surface properties, In the case where argon was used to irradiate the PTFE films, an increase in the adhesion strength was observed when the ion fluence was over $1\times10^{15}\;ions/cm^2$, but the surface morphology dramatically changed to a needle-shaped one. However, when we used hydrogen ions under $O_2$ environmental gas, the adhesion strength increased at an ion fluence of $5\times10^{16}\;ions/cm^2$ and the surface morphology by the hydrogen irradiation was not needle-shaped. The surface morphology and adhesion strength of the hydrogen modified PTFE was influenced by the oxygen flow rate. It was confirmed by reflectance measurements that the surface properties of the hydrogen ion irradiated PTFE were superior to those of the argon ion irradiated PTFE.

자외선 및 블루영역 차단 화장품 응용을 위한 박막 판형 인공 칼라민 소재의 합성 및 특성 평가 연구

이정환,이건섭,조동현,홍다희,유재훈,곽지유,이희철,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Lee, Gun-Sub,Jo, Dong-Hyeon,Hong, Da-Hee,Yu, Jae-Hoon,Gwack, Ji-Yoo,Lee, Hee-Chul 대한화장품학회 2021 대한화장품학회지 Vol.47 No.3

자외선 및 블루영역 차단 기능을 갖는 화장품의 원료로 사용되기 위한 박막 판형의 ZnO 및 Fe₂O₃ 성분을 포함하는 인공 칼라민 세라믹 분말 소재를 합성하였다. 20 : 1에서 50 : 1 범위의 높은 종횡비를 가지는 (0001)면의 판형 ZnO 세라믹 분말 소재는 아연공기전지로 전력 생산한 후에 회수한 전해질을 출발 물질로 하여 징크아세테이트와 소듐시트레이트 혼합 용액에서 중화반응을 통한 석출로 합성하였다. 아이언 클로라이드 용액의 첨가량을 증가시키는 방법으로 인공 칼라민 세라믹 분말 내의 Fe₂O₃ 함량을 높일 수 있었으며, 이 경우 자외선뿐만 아니라 가시광선의 블루 영역을 일부 흡수하였다. 포타슘 아세테이트 용액을 첨가시킬 경우에는 Zn(OH)₄^2- 음이온의 분해를 촉진하여 (0001) 면 위에 수직 방향으로 격벽 형태로 성장한 박막을 얻을 수 있었는데, 이 경우 자외선을 흡수할 수 있는 기회가 증가하면서 자외선 흡수율이 증가하였다. 아이언 클로라이드 용액과 포타슘 아세테이트 용액의 첨가량을 함께 조절하면 박막 판형의 인공 칼라민 세라믹 분말의 조성 및 형상을 최적화시킬 수 있어서 화장품 제형을 진행할 경우 블루영역의 광투과도가 크게 감소하였다. In this study, we have prepared pure planar-type ZnO and calamine powder containing both ZnO and Fe₂O₃ components as a raw material for cosmetics with UV and blue band blocking functions. The planar-type ZnO ceramic powder having a high aspect ratio in the range of 20:1 to 50:1 was synthesized by precipitation method in a zinc acetate and sodium citrate mixed solution with the electrolyte obtained by power generation with a zinc-air battery. The content of Fe₂O₃ in the artificial calamine ceramic powder could be increased by increasing the amount of iron chloride solution added, and in this case, some of the blue region of visible light and ultraviolet light were remarkably absorbed. When potassium acetate was added, the decomposition of the Zn(OH)₄^2- anion in the solution was promoted to facilitate the growth of ZnO crystal in the form of a barrier wall in the vertical direction on the (0001) plane, which could increase UV absorption by providing more opportunities. By controlling the amount of iron chloride solution and potassium acetate solution added, the composition and shape of the thin film plate-shaped artificial calamine ceramic powder can be optimized, and when applied to cosmetic formulations, the light transmittance of the blue region can be greatly reduced.

손 동작 스캔을 이용한 잔뇨량 측정용 초음파 방광 스캐너

이정환,배정호,이수열,조민형,Lee, Jung Hwan,Bae, Jung Ho,Lee, Soo Yeol,Cho, Min Hyoung 대한의용생체공학회 2018 의공학회지 Vol.39 No.4

3D ultrasound bladder scanners are getting popular in hospitals for the patients with bladder dysfunction. A current bladder scanner adopts a mechanical scan to acquire 3D images and requires two motors and complicated mechanical devices. In this paper, we propose a new ultrasound bladder scanner using hand-motion scan. Instead of two motors and mechanical devices, it has a motion sensor to record transducer positions during hand-motion scan. The experiments with a bladder phantom and volunteers showed similar measurement accuracy to a conventional 3D ultrasound bladder scanner. We expect that the proposed method will reduce the cost and size of the bladder scanner.

A Case of Metastatic Eccrine Porocarcinoma with a Review of the Literatures

이정환,임주한,김루시아,김철수,이현규,나소연,김성현,정지중,이명동,예재호,이문희,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Lim, Joo-Han,Kim, Lucia,Kim, Chu-Soo,Yi, Hyeon-Gyu,Nah, So-Yun,Kim, Seong-Hyun,Jeong, Ji-Joong,Lee, Myung-Dong,Ye, Jea-Ho,Lee, Moon-Hee The Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology 2011 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.27 No.2

에크린 한공암종은 흔하지 않으며, 전이성 에크린 한공암종은 매우 드문 암이다. 에크린 한공암종은 표피내 한관에서 기원하는 피부 부속기 악성 종양으로, 대부분 에크린 한공암종은 항암치료와 방사선치료에 효과가 없으며, 따라서 유일한 치료방법은 전이되기 전에 국소 및 광범위 절제술을 시행하여야 한다. 본 환자는 두피에 발생한 에크린 한공암종이 점점 진행하여 피부, 림프절, 폐 등으로 전이하였고, 다수의 광범위 절제술에 이어 항암치료와 방사선치료를 받았지만, 결국 폐전이가 악화되어 사망하였다. 본 저자들은 항암치료와 방사선치료에 불응한 에크린 한공암종 1예를 치료에 대한 문헌고찰과 더불어 보고하는 바이다.

다양한 피판술을 이용한 후족부 연부조직의 결손

이정환,이종욱,고장휴,서동국,최재구,오석준,장영철,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Lee, Jong-Wook,Koh, Jang-Hyu,Seo, Dong-Kook,Choi, Jai-Koo,Oh, Suk-Jun,Jang, Young-Chul 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: Anatomically, the foot is provided with insufficient blood supply and is relatively vulnerable to venous congestion compared to other parts of the body. Soft tissue defects are more difficult to manage and palliative treatments can cause hyperkeratosis or ulcer formation, which subsequently requires repeated surgeries. For weight bearing area such as the heel, not only is it important to provide wound coverage but also to restore the protective senses. In these cases, application of flaps for hind foot reconstruction is widely recognized as an effective treatment. In this study, we report the cases of soft tissue reconstruction for which various types of flaps were used to produce good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects. Methods: Data from 37 cases of hind foot operation utilizing flaps performed between from June 2000 to June 2008 were analyzed. Results: Burn related factors were the most common cause of defects, accounting for 19 cases. In addition, chronic ulceration was responsible for 8 cases and so forth. Types of flaps used for the operations, listed in descending order are radial forearm free flap (18), medial plantar island flap (6), rotation flap (5), sural island flap (3), anterolateral thigh free flap (2), lattisimus dorsi muscular flap (2), and contra lateral medial plantar free flap (1). 37 cases were successful, but 8 cases required skin graft due to partial necrosis in small areas. Conclusion : Hind foot reconstruction surgeries that utilize flaps are advantageous in protecting the internal structure, restoring functions, and achieving proper contour aesthetically. Generally, medial plantar skin is preferred because of the anatomical characteristics of the foot (e.g. fibrous septa, soft tissue for cushion). However alternative methods must be applied for defects larger than medial plantar skin and cases in which injuries exist in the flap donor / recipient site (scars in the vicinity of the wound, combined vascular injury). We used various types of flaps including radial forearm neurosensory free flap in order to reconstruct hind foot defects, and report good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects.

외상성 급성 회전근개 파열 환자의 한방치료 1례

이정환,고민경,윤광식,이창우,김영일,김정호,Lee, Jeong-Hwan,Ko, Min-Kyung,Yoon, Kwang-Shik,Lee, Chang-Woo,Kim, Young-Il,Kim, Jung-Ho 대한약침학회 2011 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.14 No.4

Objectives: There is no report on treatment of acute traumatic rotator cuff tear in Traditional Korean Medicine. We reported Traditional Korean Treatment for pain relief and better movement of acute traumatic rotator cuff tear. Methods: Shoulder MRI was used to confirm the diagnosis of tear of rotator cuff. The patient was treated with Traditional Korean Methods (Acupuncture, Herbal medicine, Pharmacopuncture) for 6 months. We evaluated the patient through VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), UCLA shoulder scale, ROM (Range of motion) and Shoulder MRI. Results: After 6 months of treatment, the patient's VAS was decreased whereas UCLA score and Shoulder ROM were increased. Rotator cuff tear was repaired on Shoulder MRI images. Conclusions: In acute traumatic rotator cuff tear, Korean Traditional Treatment is good method for pain relief and better movement.

한방모발관리 제품을 이용한 광범위한 원형 탈모증 치험1례

이정환,강여름,정연호,안택원,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Kang, Yeo-Reum,Jeong, Yeon-Ho,Ahn, Taek-Won 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2009 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of traditional Oriental hair care products on inhibition of extensive alopecia areata. Methods : We have experienced a 29-year-old woman with extensive alopecia areata to get worse quickly. The patient was treated by acupuncture and traditional oriental hair care products in 9 months. We used HRV(Heart Rate Variability), APG(Accelerated Photoplethysmograpy) and SALT(Severity of alopecia tool) scale for the assessment of alopecia areata and her physical condition. Results & Conclusions : Her hair loss and physical condition was completely improved.

급성 화농성 슬관절염에서 관절경적 치료 후 결과

이정환,윤경호,배대경,김정원,박수연,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Yoon, Kyoung-Ho,Bae, Dae-Kyung,Kim, Jeong-Weon,Park, Soo-Yeon 대한관절경학회 2008 대한관절경학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적: 슬관절에 발생한 급성 화농성 관절염의 관절경적 치료 후 결과에 대하여 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 7월에서 2005년 1월까지 16예(15명)의 관절경적 치료를 시행한 급성 화농성 슬관절염 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 평균 나이는 61.9세였고 평균 추시 기간은 30.5개월이었다. 당뇨병이나 퇴행성 관절염 등의 기존 질환이 있었던 경우가 8예 였으며 과거력상 슬관절에 침을 맞거나 관절내 주사를 시행 받은 경우가 14예였다. 결과: 원인균의 동정이 가능했던 예는 7예(43.8%)였다. 술 후 정맥 내 항생제를 평균 25.5일 사용하였으며 경구 항생제를 평균 22.5일 사용하였다. 슬관절 강직 5예, 이차성 관절염 2예, 슬관절 주위 만성 골수염 1예, 사망 3예 등 총 11예의 합병증이 발생하였다. 수술 후 3주 이상 부목 고정을 시행한 경우 슬관절 강직이 유의하게 많았으나(p=0.032) 증상 발현 후 1 주일을 기준으로 치료까지의 기간에 따른 합병증의 발생 빈도는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.293). 배양 검사 상 원인균이 동정된 경우 더 많은 합병증이 발생하였다(p=0.034). 결론: 화농성 슬관절염의 관절경적 치료 후 관절 강직의 발생 빈도와 고정 기간과 상관 관계가 있었다. 합병증 발생 빈도는 증상 후 치료까지의 기간과는 연관이 없었으나 원인균의 동정된 여부와는 연관이 있었다. Purpose: We analyzed the clinical results after arthroscopic treatment in acute pyogenic arthritis of the knee. Materials and Methods: From July 2000 to January 2005, we reviewed 16 cases(15 patients) of acute pyogenic arthritis of the knee on which arthroscopic treatment was done. The mean age was 61.9 years and the mean follow-up period was 30.5 months. There were 8 cases with diabetes or degenerative osteoarthritis and 14 cases with acupuncture or intraarticular injection history. Results: Causative organisms were identified in 7 cases. The average postoperative antibiotics were used intravenously for 25.5 days and per orally for 22.5 days. There were 11 complications; 5 cases of partial ankylosis, 2 cases of secondary arthritis, 1 case of chronic osteomyelitis and 3 cases of death. Patients with over 3 week immobilization had higher rate of stiffness of knee joint(p=0.032) but there was no significant difference between the symptom to treatment duration and the incidence rate of complications(p=0.293). The cases of which the causative organism was detected had higher incidences of complications(p=0.034). Conclusion: The incidence of joint stiffness was higher in the patients of longer immobilization. More complications were detected in the cases of which the causative organism is detected.

자궁근종(子宮筋腫) 및 난소낭종(卵巢囊腫)으로 진단(診斷)받은 소양인(少陽人) 환자(患者) 치험예(治驗例)

이정환,박석준,구덕모,이상민,서은희,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Park, Suk-Joon,Goo, Deok-Mo,Lee, Sang-Min,Seo, Eun-Hee 사상체질의학회 2005 사상체질의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

1. Objectives Uterine myoma and Ovary cyst is a common disease in gynecologist. These disease can also be treated by Sasang constitutional medical diagnosis and treatment. 2. Methods In treatment of the patient who has Uterine myoma and Ovary cyst, we had diagnosed her as soyangin by their own characters and prescribed Gamijihwang-tang(加味地黃湯). 3. Results The scale of Uterine myoma and Ovary cyst reduced and the occured syndrome with that disease was diasppeared 4. Conclusions In conclusion, this paper shows that the treatment and healing process of Uterine myoma and Ovary cyst.

시계열분석을 이용한 결정질암 지역의 지하수위 변동 평가

이정환,정해룡,이은용,김수정,Lee, Jeong-Hwan,Jung, Haeryong,Lee, Eunyong,Kim, Sujeong 한국방사성폐기물학회 2013 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This study is characterized the groundwater flow pattern near crystalline site of Yangbook-Myeon, Gyeong-ju City, South Korea. From the time series analyses, groundwater level could be classified into 4 types reflecting the hydrogeological characteristics and rainfall pattern. The type I (DB1-1, DB1-2) may be directly influenced by rainfall pattern. The type II (DB1-3, DB1-7, KB-1, KB-2, KB-3, KB-7, KB-14, KB-15) may be influenced by rainfall event as well as groundwater flow through water-conducting features. The type III (DB-5, DB1-6, DB2-2, KB-10, KB-11, KB-13) may be predominantly happens in the crystaline rock mass, groundwater in this type flows through the minor fracture networks rather than direct effect of rainfall event. The type IV (DB1-8, KB-9) may be influenced by irregular variation of the groundwater level due to anisotropy and heterogeneity of crystalline rock.