An outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Korea, 2008

Kim, H.R.,Park, C.K.,Lee, Y.J.,Woo, G.H.,Lee, K.K.,Oem, J.K.,Kim, S.H.,Jean, Y.H.,Bae, Y.C.,Yoon, S.S.,Roh, I.S.,Jeong, O.M.,Kim, H.Y.,Choi, J.S.,Byun, J.W.,Song, Y.K.,Kwon, J.H.,Joo, Y.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Veterinary microbiology Vol.141 No.3

In spite of intensive surveillance programs for the control of HPAI, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Korea in April 2008 caused serious damage to poultry farms, as did previous outbreaks in 2003/2004 and 2006/2007. Six viruses were selected from the Korean 2008 isolates for genetic analysis, and all eight gene segments from each of the influenza viruses were sequenced. A phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the viruses were of the same virus type and that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was clustered with that of clade 2.3.2 viruses. However, the internal and neuraminidase (NA) genes were closely related to those of the clade 2.3.4 viruses (recent human and bird isolates from Southeast Asia).

1987년 한국에서 발생한 렙토스피라병의 혈청역학적 조사

이증훈,박영수,이우곤,김석용,정선식,우준희,박성광,박경희,송영욱,김선영,기정일,최두혁,강성귀,김주완,최강원,김우열,최명식,최인학,장우현,윤성열 대한감염학회 1988 감염 Vol.20 No.3

Human leptospirosis was an unfamiliar disease in Korea until 1984 that outbreak of leptospirosis occurred among farmers and soldiers after field works for harvesting rice. During that time, Lee and Jo confirmed the first Korean cases of leptospirosis by serological test, isolation of causative agent and autopy findings. Afterward several outbreaks occurred also during autumn especially after flood in every years and some characterisitcs of leptospirosis in Korea such as clinical manifestations, serotypes and seroepidemiological features has been revealed by many investigators. Because of the major mode of transmission between rodents and human is by direct contact with leptospiral urine of rodents or contaminated soil by the urine, leptospirosis in Korea has been primarily a disease of person in occupations heavily exposed to contaminated soil or infected urine such as farmer, army and etc. Therefore it seems that leptospirosis is one of the main communicable diseases to be controlled urgently in Korea, for an agricultural people account for almost half of total Korean people. For clarifying the seroepidemiological patterns of human leptospirosis in Korea by sex, month region and main reacting serovars of L. interrogans among acute febrile disease occurred in 1987, 1,773 patient's sers with acute febrile episodes were tested by microagglutination test using 19 representative strains of leptospiral serogroup as antigen. All of those sera were collected from 10 collaborative clinics located in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chonbuk, Chonnam province and Seoul. The results wee summerized as follows. 1) Among 1,773 sera of patients with acute febrile episodes, 219 (12.4%) were seropositive to L. interrogans, 487(27.5%) to R. tsutsugamushi, 241(13.6%) to R.typhi and 160(90.0%) to Hantaan virus. 2) Among seropositives to L.interrogans, the male outnumbered the female, 65% and 35%. 3) For age distribution, 26.9% of seropositives to L.interrogans were fifties, 19.6% were forties, 9.1% were sixties, 5.9% were thirties and 4.1% were twenties. 4) Eighty three percent of seropositives had occurred between September and October in 1987 with a peak in September. 5) Main leptospiral serovars reactive to patient's sera were Icterohaemorrhagiae(54.3%), Canicola(31.0%), CH-48(13.2%), Tarassovi(0.9%)and Cynopteri(0.5%). 6) For regional distribution, 65.8% of seropositives to L.interrogans were residents from Chonbuk, 12.3% were Chonnam, 7.3% were Chungnam, 5.5% were Kyunggi and 1.4% were Kangwon.

Differentiation Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases on High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Spectroscopy: Preliminary Study

Kim, S. Y.,Kim, S.,Woo, C. W.,Byun, J. H.,Lee, S. S.,Lee, M. G.,Kim, H.,Lee, K. H.,Kim, Y. H.,Cho, J. Y. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2014 Applied magnetic resonance Vol.45 No.1

To explore the potential of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for differentiation and metabolite characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), we prospectively included 21 pathologically confirmed malignant hepatic tumors (8 HCC and 13 CRLM) and 26 non-tumorous hepatic parenchyma from 26 patients who underwent hepatic tumor resection. Using intact tissue samples obtained during surgery, HRMAS H-1 NMR spectroscopy was performed at 11.7 T. All observable metabolite signals were acquired using a water-presaturated standard one-dimensional Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. Metabolomic profiles contributing to the differentiation of HCC and CRLM and of each tumor and non-tumorous hepatic parenchyma were represented by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and loading plots. Metabolite intensity normalized by total spectral intensities in both tumors was compared using student's t tests. OPLS-DA and loading plots demonstrated good separation between tumors and non-tumorous hepatic parenchyma. The metabolomic characteristics of HCC showed separation from those of CRLMs according to OPLS-DA. Compared with CRLM, HCC showed significantly elevated levels of glucose (P < 0.01) and sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (P < 0.01), and decreased levels of hypoxanthine (P = 0.04). HCC and CRLM could be differentiated by the metabolic profile using HRMAS H-1 NMR spectroscopy.

Reoxygenation following hypoxia activates DNA-damage checkpoint signaling pathways that suppress cell-cycle progression in cultured human lymphocytes

Kim, B.M.,Choi, J.Y.,Kim, Y.J.,Woo, H.D.,Chung, H.W. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 FEBS letters Vol.581 No.16

Cellular responses to DNA damage after hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) were examined in human lymphocytes. Cultured lymphocytes exposed to H/R showed a lower cytokinesis block proliferation index and a higher frequency of micronuclei in comparison to control cells. Western blots showed that H/R exposure induced p53 expression; however, p21 and Bax expression did not increase, indicating that H/R did not affect p53 transactivational activity. Phosphorylation of p53 (Ser15), Chk1 (Ser345), and Chk2 (Thr68) was also observed, suggesting that H/R activates p53 through checkpoint signals. In addition, H/R exposure caused the phosphorylation and negative regulation of Cdc2 and Cdc25C, proteins that are involved in cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint. The S-phase checkpoint, regulated by the ATM-p95/NBS1-SMC1 pathway, was also triggered in H/R-exposed lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that H/R exposure triggers checkpoint signaling and induces cell-cycle arrest in cultured human lymphocytes.

위식도 역류성질환 관련 인후두역류(Laryngopharyngeal Refulx : LPR)증상을 호소하는 환자에서의 라니티딘의 치료효과 연구

장혁순,고윤우,김광현,김민식,김상윤,김영모,도남용,백정환,안순현,엄재욱,양훈식,우훈영,이형석,Chang, H.S.,Ko, Y.W.,Kim, K.H.,Kim, Y.M.,Kim, S.Y.,Kim, Y.M.,Do, M.Y.,Beak, C.H.,Ahn, S.H.,Eom, J.W.,Yang, H.S.,Woo, H.Y.,Lee, H.S. 대한기관식도과학회 2004 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.10 No.2

Background : LPRD(Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease) gives rise to inflammatory change in the pharyngolaryngeal tissue with various otolaryngologic symptoms. Ranitidine, histamine H2receptor antagonists, are currently used as therapeutic medications. However, the efficacy of Ranitidine on LPRD has not been proven yet. Objectives : We intended to analyze the efficacy of the Ranitidine on LPRD. Materials :md Methods : In 20 multicenter, 607 patients with LPR(laryngopharyngeal reflux) symptom were observed to evaluate their symptoms and laryngoscopic findings after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks of treatment of Ranitidine. Results : The symptom of LPR including globus sensation, sore throat hoarseness, regurgitatioin are improved after 4 weeks $86.2\%,\;8 weeks\;91.5\%,\;12 weeks\;92.9\%$ of Ranitidine treatment and improved after 4 weeks $91.5\%,\;8 weeks\;94.5\%,\;12 weeks\; 97.2\%$ of Ranitidine combined with prokinetics. The rates of sore throat, chronic cough, globus sensation improvement at 8 weeks after treatment are $26.7\%,\;16.7\%,\;16\%$. Conclusion : In patient with LPR, Ranitidine treatment reduces LPR symptoms very effectively.

Proton Implantation Mechanism in GaN Layer Transfer by Using the Ion-Cut Process

H. J Woo,C. H Eum,G. D Kim,H. W Choi,J. K Kim,W. Hong,Y. H Bae 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.I

The proton implantation condition for the ion-cut process in wurtzite-phase GaN and the associated mechanisms of surface blistering of GaN films were investigated. Etch-pit density (EPD) measurements, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) were used to investigate the crystalline quality of the as-grown GaN epi-wafers. The proton beam was implanted at 60 keV with fluences in the range of 3 $\sim$ 5 $\times$ 10$^{17}$ H$^+$/cm$^2$ at room temperature. The influences of the crystallinity of the GaN wafers, the ion fluence and the post-implantation annealing conditions (200 $\sim$ 450 $^\circ$C) on the blistering process were studied. Optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), HRXRD, Rutherford backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)/channeling (RBS/C), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) were used to investigate splitting kinetics, and the optimum conditions for achieving exfoliation only after post-implantation annealing were determined for the GaN ion-cut process. Our results suggest that the ion-cut process is sensitive to both the implant fluence and the annealing conditions, however, so far as the measured crystal quality is concerned, against our expectations, there was no notable influence on the blistering property. The optimum post-implantation annealing temperature was less than 350 $^\circ$C, and low temperature splitting is of importance for layer transfer between dissimilar materials with very different thermal expansion coefficients.

간호대생들의 임상실습 스트레스, 학업적 자기효능감 및 진로정체감에 대한 연구

최유빈,최민지,이은형,이연우,우소연,하희주,허예지,박수현,허미래,이가현 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2015 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.49

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical practice stress, academic self-efficacy, and career identity among undergraduate students in nursing practicum. Method: This study was a descriptive correlational design using the survey method. The study included 267 undergraduate students attending to 5 college in Seoul. The data was gathered from August 2014 to October 2014 and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22.0 Program with descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Situational characteristics of Clinical Practice Stress(CPP) was significantly different with regards to task difficulties and efficacy self-confidence of academic self-efficacy(ASE) (r= .179, p= .003; r= .166, p= .006). Statistically significant positive relationship was founded between Personal characteristics of CPP and self-confidence of ASE (r= .239, p< .01). External regulators of CPP was significantly different according to self-confidence and task difficulties (r= .175, p= .003; r= .132, p= .028). The self-confidence and efficacy for self-confidence of ASE were a significantly correlated with Career Identity; The Career identity also was a significantly correlated with all sub-categories of CSS scale(r= -0.208, p< 0.01; r= -0.369, p< 0.01; r= -0.153, p< .011) Conclusion: This study showed positive statistical relationships associated with clinical practice stress, academic self-efficacy, and career identity as a preliminary evidence-based study for guiding education in nursing curriculum. Further research should be need for students’ future as a professional nurse.

대학생 자녀를 둔 중년여성의 자아존중감, 자녀와의 관계, SNS 이용강도가 우울에 미치는 영향

우지원,김가은,김경미,남주희,박지인,범준희,이나경,조소연,조은경,최영윤,김석선,길민지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2017 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.51

Purpose: This study aims to identify the effects of self-esteem, relationship with children, Social Networking Services(SNS) use intensity on depression in middle-aged women with college-age children, and to provide basic data for the health promotion of middle-aged women. Method: A sample of 133 middle-aged people was purposely selected from parents of university students. Questionnaires used for this study were CES-D(The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), Self-esteem Scale, Relationship with Children Scale, SNS Intensity Scale. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 21 with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVAs, Pearson correlation, multiple regression. Result: Self-esteem was correlated with relationship with children (r=0.385, p<0.01) and depression (r=-0.440, p<0.01). Relationship with children was correlated with depression(r=-0.402, p<0.01). As a result, a factor having the greatest influence on the subject's depression degree was self-esteem(β=-0.335), followed by relationship with children(β=-0.274). Conclusion: The result of this study suggested that depression in middle-aged women is closely related to self-esteem and relationship with children. This result can be used in Nursing by developing the theoretical basis for education program related to enhancing self-esteem and relationship with children.

Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation

Kim, S.-H.,Lee, S.-O.,Park, I.-A.,Park, S.J.,Choi, S.-H.,Kim, Y.S.,Woo, J.H.,Park, S.-K.,Park, J.S.,Kim, S.C.,Han, D.J. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010 Transplant infectious disease Vol.12 No.2

<P>S.-H. Kim, S.-O. Lee, I.-A. Park, S.J. Park, S.-H. Choi, Y.S. Kim, J.H. Woo, S.-K. Park, J.S. Park, S.C. Kim, D.J. Han. Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation.Transpl Infect Dis 2010: <B>12:</B> 113–119. All rights reserved</P><P>Background</P><P>The presence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) should be evaluated before kidney transplantation. Although a new T cell-based assay for diagnosing LTBI gave promising results, this assay has not yet been compared with the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosing LTBI in renal transplant candidates before transplantation.</P><P>Patients and methods</P><P>All adult patients admitted to a single institute for renal transplantation over a 1-year period were prospectively enrolled. A clinically predictive risk of LTBI was defined as: (i) recent close contact with a person with pulmonary TB; (ii) abnormal chest radiography; (iii) a history of untreated or inadequately treated TB; or (iv) a new infection (i.e., a recent conversion of TST).</P><P>Results</P><P>Of 209 renal recipients, 47 (22%) had a positive TST≥5 mm, 21 (10%) had a positive TST≥10 mm, 65 (30%) had a positive T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test, and 25 (12%) had an indeterminate T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test. The induration size of TST was significantly associated with a high positivity rate on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> (<I>P</I><0.001). Agreement between T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test and TST≥10 mm was fair (<I>k</I>=0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.36). However, neither univariate nor multivariate analysis showed any association between the clinical risk for LTBI and positivity on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> or TST.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test was more frequently positive than TST in renal transplant candidates. However, further longitudinal studies are awaited to determine whether the ability of T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> assay to detect LTBI in renal transplant recipients can better predict the development of TB than can TST after transplantation.</P>

활성산소원을 이용한 핵사플로오로프로필렌 에폭사이드의 합성

이희우,김훈식,김홍곤,우주영,이태환 한국공업화학회 2001 응용화학 Vol.5 No.2

Hexafluoropropylene oxide(HFPO) is a representative oxygen-containing C₃ fluoromonomer, which enhances physical and chemical properties of fluoro copolymers. It is also essentially used for manufacturing fluorinated ion-exchange membranes such as Nafionⓡ. HFPO was successfully obtained from a liquid-phase epoxidation of hexafluoropropylene with active oxygen species such as NaOCl and H₂O₂. Addition of transition metal halides to the HFP epoxidation was revealed to appreciably enhance the yield of HFPO. Among the transition metal halides used, ferric chloride showed the highest catalytic activity in the epoxidation reactions with both NaOCl and H₂O₂.